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01352 Chemical-looping combustion in combination with integrated coal gasification
09
97101351 Fukuyama
Challenge No. 4 BF
to the
highest
PC
rate
operating
at
Kimura. K. e/ al. Ker. Metall. /Cab. /nf. Tech., 1996, 93, (4), S75-580. This paper discusses how Fukujama No. 4 ironmaking blast furnace was able to operate with 218 kg/ton pulverized coal injection. This was achieved using eccentric double lances with high combustion efficiency with hybrid pellet sinter featuring superiour reducibility and metallurgical properties. The coke ration was decreased and the the charge permeability was improved. 97101352
integrated
Chemical-looping coal gasification
combustion
in combination
with
Anheden, M. and Svedberg, G. Proc. Inretwc. Energy, Con~wc. Erg. Conf,, 1996.3 112045-2050. Most fuels used in thermal power plants upon combustion give rise to a net release of CO>. To avoid this emission, different gas separation techniques (e.g. membrane separation and absorption) have been suggested to separate CO? from the other exhaust gases before the exhaust is released into the atmosphere. In chemical-looping combustion, CO: and the other combustion products are already separated in the combustion process. Fuel and air never enter the same reactor. The fuel is oxidized by an oxygen carrier. Chemical-looping combustion is also thought to result in a higher fuel energy conversion efficiency. This increase in efficiency is achieved due to the more ordered fuel combustion reaction that reduces the irreversible entropy production. It is also possible to recover some of the heat from the exhaust within the CLC system. In this paper the performance of a chemical-looping combustion combined cycle system is compared to the performance of a similarly simulated conventional IGCC-system. Calculation> show that the systems reach about the same net power efficiencies but that the chemical-looping systems have the added advantage of CO? \eparation.
97101353 combustion
Chlorinated organic compounds evolved during the of blends of refuse-derived fuels and coals
Yang, X. cf al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (3). 1127-1131. This article presents a study into the possible formation of chlorinated organic compounds during co-combustion of refuse-derived fuels and coal blends under conditions similar to those of an atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) system. A possible mechanism for chlorinated organic compound (dibenzodloxins. dihenzofurans) formation by chlorination and condensation reactions involving phenols is proposed.
of gasification
residues
in a pres-
Kudjoi, A. S. rl nl. f’rrjc.. Inf. (‘(111f: Fluid. Bed Cornbust.. 1995. 13, (I), ll7123. Considers the control of the combustion of the gasification residues in a PFB combustor. the combustion properties of the residues and the ?mi\sions of nitrogen oxides (NO and NzO). In the first tests, bed material tram a gasifier was used as fuel, while cyclone fines were used as fuel in the second tests. The tests were carried out at a test rig, which has a maximum thermal input of 130 kWth and maximum pressure of 1.0 MPa. The ctlmbustion efficiency for cyclone fines was high, i.e. from 99.5 to 100%. The NO, emissions during cyclone fines combustion were higher than during bituminous coal combustion tests done earlier at the same test rig. The NO. emissions increased with increasing air-fuel ratio with both residues, and higher NO, emissions were measured at 6 bar than at 10 bar during the combustion of cyclone fines. The NZO emissions were up to 50 ppm and increased with decreasing temperature The fuel-N conversions to NzO were from 0.3 to 3.5%. 97101355 Combustion of refuse derived duel Nakajima, K. Nrnsho Kenkycyu, 1996, 106, 27-37 (In Japanese). The combustion of refuse derived fuel, pyrolysis of fuel particles, combustion in swirling type combustors are discussed in this paper. 97/01356
Combustion
performance
characteristics
and
of fine
grind fuels Chow, 0. K. and Levasseur. A. A., Suppl. Coal Fmes: Unclaimed Fuel, Pap. /et. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Sysf., Zlsf, 1996, 81-92 (Edited by Serkin, S. D.). Coal Slurry Technology Association, Washington, D.C. Presents the results of a comparsion between the firing of beneficiated coalhased fuels and the firing of finer grind fuels. The combustion and carbon conversions of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal improved with finer grind fuels at either unstaged or staged firing conditions. Furnace slagging also show improvement. Firing the finer grind fuels resulted in higher average heat tlux in the lower furnace.
97101357 Comparison of perovskite and hexaaluminate-type catalysts for CO/HP-fueled gas turbine combustors Cristiani, C. er al. Stud. Surf Sci. Caral., 1996, 101 (Pt. A, 11th International Congress on Catalysis-40th Anniversary, 1996, Pt. A), 473-482. Compares the catalytic activities in CO and HZ combustion of perovskiteand hexaaluminate-type systems in order to examine the potential of such mixed oxides as catalysts for syngas fueled combustors for gas turbines. Test results indicated that even though perovskites show the maximum catalytic activity their lack of thermal stability restrains their use in high temperature
(burners, combustion
systems)
applications. On the other hand Mn-substituted hexaaluminates demonstrated an ability to retain high oxidation activity in CO-H? combustion upon calcination at 1573 K. Such preliminary results indicate Mnsubstituted hexaaluminates as potential materials for syngas fueled gas turbine applications.
97101356
bustion
Comprehensive modelling in a vortex combustor
of pulverized
coal com-
Zhang, J. and Nieh, S. Fuel. 1997, 76, (2). pp. 123-131. Presents a numerical modelling of the strongly swirling gas-particle turbulent flow and pulverized coal combustion in a novel vortex combustor (VC) recently developed for commercial heating applications. Thi\ incorporates a new algebraic Reynolds stress turbulence model (ASM).
97101359 Conditions for complete and improved ash properties
combustion
of solid fuels
Voina, N. I. et al. Proc. -Anna. Irrf. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1OY.i. 12. 789792. Recommends that, in order to achieve complete coal combustion and to produce ash with no unburned carbon content, the residence time of the coal particles in the flow region of the comhustor be extended and the temperature of the ash particle be increased to 1000”. In addition, finely ground limestone can be incorporated into the combustion chamber to add a calcium component to the ash while simultaneously maintaining sulfur control for decreased air pollution. The added calcium component further increases the properties of the ash so that it can be used in cement manufacture.
97101360 ponent system
Development of an integrated
issues for the char combustor partial gasification combined
comcycle
Sage, P. W. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comhu;\t., 1995, 13, (I), 49-56. A study of combustion performance and emissions data for a fuel with a very low volatile matter content, a bimodal size distribution and containing CaS which needs to be fully converted to CaSOl before disposal. Combustion efficiency of 99%, and a sulfur retention efftciency of YhC, with a calcium to sulfur ratio of 2:l are reported. Indications for the special requirements for the design of the CFBC for use in an ABGC plant arc discussed.
97101361
97101354 Combustion surized fluidized-bed
Combustion
producing
Development of charcoal carbon monoxide-rich gas
combustion
reactor
Daigaka Ko,gakuhu Kerlkvu Hokoku. 19%. Arimizu, S. ei al. Kqoshima 97-101 (In Japanese). Discusses the development of a fixed-bed partial oxidation reactor for production of CO-rich gas from charcoal. The oxidation behaviour charcoal was studied. The residence time of the reactive gas was important factor for producing the CO-rich gas. Four flow rates for supply of oxygen to the fixed charcoal bed were examined.
Development bustion of organic fuel
97101362
of novel technologies
for 3X. the of an the
for flame com-
Kotler. V. R. Energerik, 1996, (7), IY-21. (In Russian) This article reviews furnace firing with coal or natural gas and the use ot staged combustion to decrease emissions.
97101363 model for dispersion
Development of one-dimensional mathematical pulverized coal combustion considering particle
Tetsu lo Hagane, 1996, X2, (9). 731-736 (In Japanese). Sat”, M. et al. Presents a one-dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal combustion in a blast furnace considering particle dispersion. The report concludes that, taking the particle dispersion into account in the onedimensional model, it becomes possible to make a quantitative approach to evaluate the effect of lance structure, lance arrangement and the manner, of oxygen enrichment in an actual blast furnace.
97101364 The effect of cofiring coal-water slurry fuel formulated from waste coal fines with pulverized coal on NO, emissions Miller, S. F. et al. Suppl. Coal Fines: Unclaimed Fuel, Pap. Inr. Tech. Coaf Coal Ufil. Fuel Sysf., 21st, 1996, 25-36. Edited by Serkin, S. D., Coal & Slurry Technology Association, Washington, D.C. The study undertook to prepare and co-fire coal-water slurry (CWS) formulated from impounded coal fines in a utility boiler and to determine if the same reduction in NO, emissions occurred as when co-firing CWS produced from fresh fines. A second objective was to determine the effect of burner configuration on NO, emissions.
97101365 furnaces
Effect of fuel composition
on chloride
corrosion
In
Seifert, P. and Born, M. VGB Tech. VW. C;rosskraftwerk.sherr.. fTech. Ber.1 VGB-TB, 1995, (VGB-TB 513, Vortraege-VGB Konferenz ‘Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz in der Kraftwerkstechnik 199S‘, 19Y5), Paper 9. 21 pp. (In German)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
107
97101351 Fukuyama
Challenge No. 4 BF
to the
highest
PC
rate
operating
at
Kimura. K. e/ al. Ker. Metall. /Cab. /nf. Tech., 1996, 93, (4), S75-580. This paper discusses how Fukujama No. 4 ironmaking blast furnace was able to operate with 218 kg/ton pulverized coal injection. This was achieved using eccentric double lances with high combustion efficiency with hybrid pellet sinter featuring superiour reducibility and metallurgical properties. The coke ration was decreased and the the charge permeability was improved. 97101352
integrated
Chemical-looping coal gasification
combustion
in combination
with
Anheden, M. and Svedberg, G. Proc. Inretwc. Energy, Con~wc. Erg. Conf,, 1996.3 112045-2050. Most fuels used in thermal power plants upon combustion give rise to a net release of CO>. To avoid this emission, different gas separation techniques (e.g. membrane separation and absorption) have been suggested to separate CO? from the other exhaust gases before the exhaust is released into the atmosphere. In chemical-looping combustion, CO: and the other combustion products are already separated in the combustion process. Fuel and air never enter the same reactor. The fuel is oxidized by an oxygen carrier. Chemical-looping combustion is also thought to result in a higher fuel energy conversion efficiency. This increase in efficiency is achieved due to the more ordered fuel combustion reaction that reduces the irreversible entropy production. It is also possible to recover some of the heat from the exhaust within the CLC system. In this paper the performance of a chemical-looping combustion combined cycle system is compared to the performance of a similarly simulated conventional IGCC-system. Calculation> show that the systems reach about the same net power efficiencies but that the chemical-looping systems have the added advantage of CO? \eparation.
97101353 combustion
Chlorinated organic compounds evolved during the of blends of refuse-derived fuels and coals
Yang, X. cf al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1996, 41, (3). 1127-1131. This article presents a study into the possible formation of chlorinated organic compounds during co-combustion of refuse-derived fuels and coal blends under conditions similar to those of an atmospheric fluidized-bed combustion (AFBC) system. A possible mechanism for chlorinated organic compound (dibenzodloxins. dihenzofurans) formation by chlorination and condensation reactions involving phenols is proposed.
of gasification
residues
in a pres-
Kudjoi, A. S. rl nl. f’rrjc.. Inf. (‘(111f: Fluid. Bed Cornbust.. 1995. 13, (I), ll7123. Considers the control of the combustion of the gasification residues in a PFB combustor. the combustion properties of the residues and the ?mi\sions of nitrogen oxides (NO and NzO). In the first tests, bed material tram a gasifier was used as fuel, while cyclone fines were used as fuel in the second tests. The tests were carried out at a test rig, which has a maximum thermal input of 130 kWth and maximum pressure of 1.0 MPa. The ctlmbustion efficiency for cyclone fines was high, i.e. from 99.5 to 100%. The NO, emissions during cyclone fines combustion were higher than during bituminous coal combustion tests done earlier at the same test rig. The NO. emissions increased with increasing air-fuel ratio with both residues, and higher NO, emissions were measured at 6 bar than at 10 bar during the combustion of cyclone fines. The NZO emissions were up to 50 ppm and increased with decreasing temperature The fuel-N conversions to NzO were from 0.3 to 3.5%. 97101355 Combustion of refuse derived duel Nakajima, K. Nrnsho Kenkycyu, 1996, 106, 27-37 (In Japanese). The combustion of refuse derived fuel, pyrolysis of fuel particles, combustion in swirling type combustors are discussed in this paper. 97/01356
Combustion
performance
characteristics
and
of fine
grind fuels Chow, 0. K. and Levasseur. A. A., Suppl. Coal Fmes: Unclaimed Fuel, Pap. /et. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Sysf., Zlsf, 1996, 81-92 (Edited by Serkin, S. D.). Coal Slurry Technology Association, Washington, D.C. Presents the results of a comparsion between the firing of beneficiated coalhased fuels and the firing of finer grind fuels. The combustion and carbon conversions of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal improved with finer grind fuels at either unstaged or staged firing conditions. Furnace slagging also show improvement. Firing the finer grind fuels resulted in higher average heat tlux in the lower furnace.
97101357 Comparison of perovskite and hexaaluminate-type catalysts for CO/HP-fueled gas turbine combustors Cristiani, C. er al. Stud. Surf Sci. Caral., 1996, 101 (Pt. A, 11th International Congress on Catalysis-40th Anniversary, 1996, Pt. A), 473-482. Compares the catalytic activities in CO and HZ combustion of perovskiteand hexaaluminate-type systems in order to examine the potential of such mixed oxides as catalysts for syngas fueled combustors for gas turbines. Test results indicated that even though perovskites show the maximum catalytic activity their lack of thermal stability restrains their use in high temperature
(burners, combustion
systems)
applications. On the other hand Mn-substituted hexaaluminates demonstrated an ability to retain high oxidation activity in CO-H? combustion upon calcination at 1573 K. Such preliminary results indicate Mnsubstituted hexaaluminates as potential materials for syngas fueled gas turbine applications.
97101356
bustion
Comprehensive modelling in a vortex combustor
of pulverized
coal com-
Zhang, J. and Nieh, S. Fuel. 1997, 76, (2). pp. 123-131. Presents a numerical modelling of the strongly swirling gas-particle turbulent flow and pulverized coal combustion in a novel vortex combustor (VC) recently developed for commercial heating applications. Thi\ incorporates a new algebraic Reynolds stress turbulence model (ASM).
97101359 Conditions for complete and improved ash properties
combustion
of solid fuels
Voina, N. I. et al. Proc. -Anna. Irrf. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1OY.i. 12. 789792. Recommends that, in order to achieve complete coal combustion and to produce ash with no unburned carbon content, the residence time of the coal particles in the flow region of the comhustor be extended and the temperature of the ash particle be increased to 1000”. In addition, finely ground limestone can be incorporated into the combustion chamber to add a calcium component to the ash while simultaneously maintaining sulfur control for decreased air pollution. The added calcium component further increases the properties of the ash so that it can be used in cement manufacture.
97101360 ponent system
Development of an integrated
issues for the char combustor partial gasification combined
comcycle
Sage, P. W. et al. Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Comhu;\t., 1995, 13, (I), 49-56. A study of combustion performance and emissions data for a fuel with a very low volatile matter content, a bimodal size distribution and containing CaS which needs to be fully converted to CaSOl before disposal. Combustion efficiency of 99%, and a sulfur retention efftciency of YhC, with a calcium to sulfur ratio of 2:l are reported. Indications for the special requirements for the design of the CFBC for use in an ABGC plant arc discussed.
97101361
97101354 Combustion surized fluidized-bed
Combustion
producing
Development of charcoal carbon monoxide-rich gas
combustion
reactor
Daigaka Ko,gakuhu Kerlkvu Hokoku. 19%. Arimizu, S. ei al. Kqoshima 97-101 (In Japanese). Discusses the development of a fixed-bed partial oxidation reactor for production of CO-rich gas from charcoal. The oxidation behaviour charcoal was studied. The residence time of the reactive gas was important factor for producing the CO-rich gas. Four flow rates for supply of oxygen to the fixed charcoal bed were examined.
Development bustion of organic fuel
97101362
of novel technologies
for 3X. the of an the
for flame com-
Kotler. V. R. Energerik, 1996, (7), IY-21. (In Russian) This article reviews furnace firing with coal or natural gas and the use ot staged combustion to decrease emissions.
97101363 model for dispersion
Development of one-dimensional mathematical pulverized coal combustion considering particle
Tetsu lo Hagane, 1996, X2, (9). 731-736 (In Japanese). Sat”, M. et al. Presents a one-dimensional mathematical model of pulverized coal combustion in a blast furnace considering particle dispersion. The report concludes that, taking the particle dispersion into account in the onedimensional model, it becomes possible to make a quantitative approach to evaluate the effect of lance structure, lance arrangement and the manner, of oxygen enrichment in an actual blast furnace.
97101364 The effect of cofiring coal-water slurry fuel formulated from waste coal fines with pulverized coal on NO, emissions Miller, S. F. et al. Suppl. Coal Fines: Unclaimed Fuel, Pap. Inr. Tech. Coaf Coal Ufil. Fuel Sysf., 21st, 1996, 25-36. Edited by Serkin, S. D., Coal & Slurry Technology Association, Washington, D.C. The study undertook to prepare and co-fire coal-water slurry (CWS) formulated from impounded coal fines in a utility boiler and to determine if the same reduction in NO, emissions occurred as when co-firing CWS produced from fresh fines. A second objective was to determine the effect of burner configuration on NO, emissions.
97101365 furnaces
Effect of fuel composition
on chloride
corrosion
In
Seifert, P. and Born, M. VGB Tech. VW. C;rosskraftwerk.sherr.. fTech. Ber.1 VGB-TB, 1995, (VGB-TB 513, Vortraege-VGB Konferenz ‘Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz in der Kraftwerkstechnik 199S‘, 19Y5), Paper 9. 21 pp. (In German)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
107