- Email: [email protected]
01474 Potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry to source polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions
14 Environment (pollution, health protection, safety) 97101466 Mitigation of global warming under sustainability constraints Ishitani, H. et al. Energy Feb/March 1997, 22, (2/3), 223-227. This article considers sustainable energy technologies under restrictions on resources and environmental impact. Discusses the development of a database to estimate life-cycle efficiencies and greenhouse-gas emissions. The present world energy system is judged to be unsustainable. Mitigation measures such as disposal of CO2 and solar power generation are evaluated. 97101469 A new spectrophotometric method for the rapid monitoring of phenyl lsothlocyanate in coke oven air and biological samples Rai, M. and Gupta, V. K. J. Indian Chem. Sot., 1996, 73, (8), 447-449. The article presents a simple, selective method to detect Ph isothiocyanate (PTIC) in coke oven air and biological samples based on the alkaline hydrolysis of PTIC to aniline and its subsequent diazotization and coupling with 1,3,5trihydroxybenzene to form a water soluble orange-yellow dye.
97101470 Non-catalytic oxidation of water-slurried coal with oxygen: identification of fulvic acids and acute toxicity Bergh, J. J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (2) 149-154. The composition and toxicity of the aqueous oxidation fraction of coal were investigated in order to gain information concerning process safety measures and the utilization of the oxidation products as antibacterial agents. 97101471 Oxygen transport in an in-situ bioremediation application Gupta, S. K. et al. Innovative Technol. Site Rem. Hazard. Waste Manage.,
97101476 Requirements on the residues and waste safely usable underground in the Ruhr mining industry, Cermany Plate, M. Glueckauf, 1996, 132, (7), 312-316. (In German) A discussion of the requirements for the filling of old coal mines with production residues and ashes. The technological, ecological, and economical safety of this process are discussed against the background of the German regulations.
97101477 The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle Schlamadinger, B. and Marland, G. Biomass Bioenergy, 1996, IO, (5/6), 275-300. Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced atmospheric CO2 emissions. The article discusses how such strategies can affect the net atmospheric C flux through four mechanisms: C storage in the biosphere; C storage in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil fuel use; and use of wood products which often displaces other products requiring more fossil fuel for their production. Over long time intervals, the amount of C stored in the biosphere and in forest products reaches a steady state; continuing mitigation of C emissions depends on the extent to which fossil fuel use is displaced by the use of bioenergy and wood products. The relative effectiveness of alternative forest and bioenergy strategies and their impact on net C emissions strongly depend, for example, on site productivity, its current usage, and the efficiency with which the harvest is used. When growth rates are high and harvest is used efficiently, the dominant opportunity for net C emission reductions is seen to be fossil fuel displacement. At the growth rates and efficiencies of harvest utilization adopted in many of the base scenarios, the net C balance at the end of 100 years is very similar whether trees are harvested and used for energy and traditional forest products, or reforestation and forest protection strategies are implemented.
Proc. Natl. Coaf, 1995, 165-172.
Details a plan for the bioremediation of former coking plant operation waste lagoons containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Oxygen, required for successful PAH bioremediation, was provided to the site trucked in liquid form. To achieve reasonable biodegradation rates, dissolved oxygen concentrations of -4 mg/l were considered appropriate. The subsurface distribution system had to be designed to optimize oxygen delivery at desired concentrations to all parts of the waste matrix. A field oxygen transport study was developed to evaluate the feasibility of subsurface delivery of gaseous oxygen dissolved in water. A Br- tracer test was used to establish seepage velocity and ascertain that injected oxygenated water reached all parts of the waste matrix. A threedimensional flow model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of alternate systems to distribute groundwater within the lagoon waste matrix. A suitable system was devised, resulting in a minimum 4 mg/l dissolved oxygen concentration conducive for bioremediation.
97101476 Role of sorption properties of GZh-grade coal in self-purification of groundwaters Dvornikova, E. V. Ugol’ 1996, (5) 45-47. (In Russian) A study into the sorption of phenolic compounds by natural coals from groundwaters contaminated during underground coal gasification. The results of the study indicate that natural coals are highly effective in removing phenols, thus ensuring natural self-purification of contaminated groundwaters. Sorption characteristics derived under static conditions indicated that the effectiveness of phenol sorption increases from wet to heated coal.
97101479 A simultaneous burnina all arades of coal Frank, 5. W.“and Maezawa, A.
SO,
and NO,
Proc. Annu.
removal
Int. Pittsburgh
system
for
Coal Conf.,
1995, 12, 628-638.
97101472 Peat production and other sources in the loading of water courses Rantala, L. and Uosukainen, H. ht. Peat .I., 1996, 6, 77-87. A dicussion of factors affecting the loading of seven river systems of northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, is presented with respect to N, P, and suspended solids. Special attention was given to the effect of peat production and its development in the period 1986-1994. Sedimentation basins and overland flow fields, constructed at peat mining sites, have reduced the N, P, and suspended sediment loads to the river systems. These measures have allowed the peat mining area to double during the study period without change to the total pollution load. 97101473 Pipe and duct deflagrations associated with incinerators Chatrathi, K. and Going, J., Process Saf. Prog., 1996, 15, (4) 237-246. Reviews flame and explosion propagation and development in pipes and ducts, especially associated with incinerators. Topics discussed include the deflagration phenomenon, explosion propagation of fuel gases and dusts, the effect of pipe diameter and industrial applicability.
97101474 Potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry to source polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions McRae, C. et al. Anal. Commun., 1996, 33, (9) 331-333. This article discusses the potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to apportion the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emissions is described. Stable C isotopic (6%) compositions are reported for individual PAH compounds arising from utilization of coal, biomass and diesel feedstocks. The 6°C signatures of product PAHs from each of the 3 feedstocks are significantly different to provide a basis for the application of GC-IRMS to unequivocally source PAH pollutants, particularly produced from coal carbonization. 97101475 Regional atmospheric aerosol composition and sources In the eastern Transvaal, South Africa, and impact of biomass burning Maenhaut, W. et al. J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.] 1996, 101, (D19), 2363123650.
116
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
A review containing three references on flue gas treatment by electron beam irradiation. Discusses how it can be utilized with coal based fuels to comply with Clean Air Act amendments and other regulations. Soil bioventing and vapor extraction (in-situ and 97101480 ex-situ) and groundwater treatment and reinjection at a diesel and gasoline contaminated site Mindevalli, 0. and Pedram, E. 0. Proc. HAZMACON 94, Hazard. Mater. Manage. Conf. Exhib., 11, 1994, 386-398 (Edited by Bursztynsky, T.). Association of Bay Area Governments, Oakland, CA. Considers the methodologies and strategies employed in the remediation of a diesel and gasoline contaminated site. The property, located in Ventura, California, includes a truck fueling station. Shallow, unconfined groundwater was found at depths of 7-9 ft. Deeper confined groundwater was encountered at 20-30 ft. The predominant contamination in the shallow groundwater was diesel and gasoline was identified as the main contaminant of the deeper groundwater. Specifics of formation of the working environment 97101461 of a coal mine Lepikhov, A. G. Ekotekhnol. Resursosberexhenie, 1996, (2), 52-58. (In Russian) Explores the working environment of a coal mine. Mine work has some specific characteristics, such as absence of daylight and natural atmosphere, inadequate conditions for plant growth, heating microclimate, risk of flooding, etc. The formation of working environment in open-pit and underground mines with increasing and descending depth of mining have been analysed. Technological solutions for the control of mine working environment have are detailed.
97101482
Study on the regularity of methane-outburst in the Datona coal mine of Tonalln Hou, 6 and Shen, B. Xiansan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1996, 11, (2), 29-34. (In Chinese) This paper analyses’the fundamental regularity of methane outburst and the micro-structure of coal samples on the basis of real data and the principles of methane-outbursting. The information provides a scientific basis for comprehensive administration of methane-outburst in coal mines.
97101470 Non-catalytic oxidation of water-slurried coal with oxygen: identification of fulvic acids and acute toxicity Bergh, J. J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (2) 149-154. The composition and toxicity of the aqueous oxidation fraction of coal were investigated in order to gain information concerning process safety measures and the utilization of the oxidation products as antibacterial agents. 97101471 Oxygen transport in an in-situ bioremediation application Gupta, S. K. et al. Innovative Technol. Site Rem. Hazard. Waste Manage.,
97101476 Requirements on the residues and waste safely usable underground in the Ruhr mining industry, Cermany Plate, M. Glueckauf, 1996, 132, (7), 312-316. (In German) A discussion of the requirements for the filling of old coal mines with production residues and ashes. The technological, ecological, and economical safety of this process are discussed against the background of the German regulations.
97101477 The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle Schlamadinger, B. and Marland, G. Biomass Bioenergy, 1996, IO, (5/6), 275-300. Forest and bioenergy strategies offer the prospect of reduced atmospheric CO2 emissions. The article discusses how such strategies can affect the net atmospheric C flux through four mechanisms: C storage in the biosphere; C storage in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil fuel use; and use of wood products which often displaces other products requiring more fossil fuel for their production. Over long time intervals, the amount of C stored in the biosphere and in forest products reaches a steady state; continuing mitigation of C emissions depends on the extent to which fossil fuel use is displaced by the use of bioenergy and wood products. The relative effectiveness of alternative forest and bioenergy strategies and their impact on net C emissions strongly depend, for example, on site productivity, its current usage, and the efficiency with which the harvest is used. When growth rates are high and harvest is used efficiently, the dominant opportunity for net C emission reductions is seen to be fossil fuel displacement. At the growth rates and efficiencies of harvest utilization adopted in many of the base scenarios, the net C balance at the end of 100 years is very similar whether trees are harvested and used for energy and traditional forest products, or reforestation and forest protection strategies are implemented.
Proc. Natl. Coaf, 1995, 165-172.
Details a plan for the bioremediation of former coking plant operation waste lagoons containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Oxygen, required for successful PAH bioremediation, was provided to the site trucked in liquid form. To achieve reasonable biodegradation rates, dissolved oxygen concentrations of -4 mg/l were considered appropriate. The subsurface distribution system had to be designed to optimize oxygen delivery at desired concentrations to all parts of the waste matrix. A field oxygen transport study was developed to evaluate the feasibility of subsurface delivery of gaseous oxygen dissolved in water. A Br- tracer test was used to establish seepage velocity and ascertain that injected oxygenated water reached all parts of the waste matrix. A threedimensional flow model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of alternate systems to distribute groundwater within the lagoon waste matrix. A suitable system was devised, resulting in a minimum 4 mg/l dissolved oxygen concentration conducive for bioremediation.
97101476 Role of sorption properties of GZh-grade coal in self-purification of groundwaters Dvornikova, E. V. Ugol’ 1996, (5) 45-47. (In Russian) A study into the sorption of phenolic compounds by natural coals from groundwaters contaminated during underground coal gasification. The results of the study indicate that natural coals are highly effective in removing phenols, thus ensuring natural self-purification of contaminated groundwaters. Sorption characteristics derived under static conditions indicated that the effectiveness of phenol sorption increases from wet to heated coal.
97101479 A simultaneous burnina all arades of coal Frank, 5. W.“and Maezawa, A.
SO,
and NO,
Proc. Annu.
removal
Int. Pittsburgh
system
for
Coal Conf.,
1995, 12, 628-638.
97101472 Peat production and other sources in the loading of water courses Rantala, L. and Uosukainen, H. ht. Peat .I., 1996, 6, 77-87. A dicussion of factors affecting the loading of seven river systems of northern Ostrobothnia, Finland, is presented with respect to N, P, and suspended solids. Special attention was given to the effect of peat production and its development in the period 1986-1994. Sedimentation basins and overland flow fields, constructed at peat mining sites, have reduced the N, P, and suspended sediment loads to the river systems. These measures have allowed the peat mining area to double during the study period without change to the total pollution load. 97101473 Pipe and duct deflagrations associated with incinerators Chatrathi, K. and Going, J., Process Saf. Prog., 1996, 15, (4) 237-246. Reviews flame and explosion propagation and development in pipes and ducts, especially associated with incinerators. Topics discussed include the deflagration phenomenon, explosion propagation of fuel gases and dusts, the effect of pipe diameter and industrial applicability.
97101474 Potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry to source polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions McRae, C. et al. Anal. Commun., 1996, 33, (9) 331-333. This article discusses the potential of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) to apportion the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emissions is described. Stable C isotopic (6%) compositions are reported for individual PAH compounds arising from utilization of coal, biomass and diesel feedstocks. The 6°C signatures of product PAHs from each of the 3 feedstocks are significantly different to provide a basis for the application of GC-IRMS to unequivocally source PAH pollutants, particularly produced from coal carbonization. 97101475 Regional atmospheric aerosol composition and sources In the eastern Transvaal, South Africa, and impact of biomass burning Maenhaut, W. et al. J. Geophys. Res., [Atmos.] 1996, 101, (D19), 2363123650.
116
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1997
A review containing three references on flue gas treatment by electron beam irradiation. Discusses how it can be utilized with coal based fuels to comply with Clean Air Act amendments and other regulations. Soil bioventing and vapor extraction (in-situ and 97101480 ex-situ) and groundwater treatment and reinjection at a diesel and gasoline contaminated site Mindevalli, 0. and Pedram, E. 0. Proc. HAZMACON 94, Hazard. Mater. Manage. Conf. Exhib., 11, 1994, 386-398 (Edited by Bursztynsky, T.). Association of Bay Area Governments, Oakland, CA. Considers the methodologies and strategies employed in the remediation of a diesel and gasoline contaminated site. The property, located in Ventura, California, includes a truck fueling station. Shallow, unconfined groundwater was found at depths of 7-9 ft. Deeper confined groundwater was encountered at 20-30 ft. The predominant contamination in the shallow groundwater was diesel and gasoline was identified as the main contaminant of the deeper groundwater. Specifics of formation of the working environment 97101461 of a coal mine Lepikhov, A. G. Ekotekhnol. Resursosberexhenie, 1996, (2), 52-58. (In Russian) Explores the working environment of a coal mine. Mine work has some specific characteristics, such as absence of daylight and natural atmosphere, inadequate conditions for plant growth, heating microclimate, risk of flooding, etc. The formation of working environment in open-pit and underground mines with increasing and descending depth of mining have been analysed. Technological solutions for the control of mine working environment have are detailed.
97101482
Study on the regularity of methane-outburst in the Datona coal mine of Tonalln Hou, 6 and Shen, B. Xiansan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1996, 11, (2), 29-34. (In Chinese) This paper analyses’the fundamental regularity of methane outburst and the micro-structure of coal samples on the basis of real data and the principles of methane-outbursting. The information provides a scientific basis for comprehensive administration of methane-outburst in coal mines.