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01492 The action of benzene-methanol binary solvent on coal at room temperature
15 97101483
Systems for evaluation natural fuel dust
of explosion
Fuel science and technology
hazard of
15
Tolchinskii, E. N. et al. Elektr. Sm., 1996, (7), 42-50. (In Russian) A review of methods used to determine the explosion hazard of fuel dust.
97101404
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma, L. 0. J. Pet. Sri. Eng. 1996, 16, (l/3), 89-93. An investigation in the the effects on the nitrite utilization and logarithmic rate of growth of Nitrohacfer of four hydrocarbon fuels (jet fuel, kerosene, gasoline and diesel oil). Nitrite utilization increased with increase in exposure period to the fuels. The percent-log survival of Nitrobacter decreased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the fuels. Nitrobactrr sensitivity to hydrocarbon fuels decreased in the order, kerosene > jet fuel = gasoline > diesel oil.
Treatment of coking byproduct processing waste-
Beigel’drud, G.M. Koks Khim., 1996, (3), 32-33. (In Russian) Describes an electrochemical treatment of coking by-product wastewater using NH,NO? for the generation of N bubbles.
processing
Treatment of fly ashes containing salts and heavy 97101486 metals from incinerators and furnaces Izumikawa, C. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 141, 539 [96, 141, 5391 (Cl. BOYB3/l~O), 4 Jun 1996, Appl. 941311, 210, 21 Nov 1994. 6 pp (In Japanese). Details a process for the treatment of fly ashes containing chlorides, especially NaCI, and heavy metals, (particularly Zn, Cu, and Ph, from incinerators and melting furnaces), which comprises repulping the fly ashes with the addition of water, the addition of neutralization agents to the fly ashes to adjust to pH 8.0-l 1.O, and solid-liquid seperation of the mixtures into residues containing heavy metals and filtrates containing salts. An alternative method is also described. This process comprises (I) addition of water and neutralization agents to the fly ashes to adjust the liquids to pH 8.0-11.0 and solid-liquid separation, (2) repulping the residues by addition of water, adjusting the pH to <3 and soluhilization of heavy metal components mainly containing Zn and Cu, and filtration of the residues containing heavy metals, mainly Ph. and (3) addition of neutralization agents to the filtrates obtained in the preceding steps to adjust the pH to >7 and formation of hydroxides of heavy metals, mainly Zn, and optional addition of sulfidizing agents to form precipitates of sulfides of the rest of the heavy metals, and filtration of the precipitates. Alternatively, the process comprises step I as above, (2) repulping the residues by addition of water, adjusting the pH to <3 and soluhilization of heavy metal components mainly containing Zn and Cd, and filtration of the residues containing heavy metals mainly Ph. (3) addition of neutralization agents to the filtrates obtained in step 2 to adjust the pH to 28 and formation of hydroxides of heavy metals, mainly Zn followed by solid-liquid seperation, and (4) and addition of sulfidizing agents to the filtrates obtained in step 1 and the filtration of the precipitates. The processes provide separation of heavy metals in fly ashes as stable forms and the separated residues containing Ph and hydroxides mainly containing Zn can he used as metal resources.
97101487
science, analysis, instrumentation)
FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Tolerance of Nitrobacter to toxicity of hydrocarbon
fuels
97101485 water
(fundamental
Treatment of waste gases
Ugawa, N. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 08, 155, 260 [96, 155, 2601 (Cl. BOID53150). 18 Jun 1996, Appl. 941300, 585, 5 Dee 1994, 5 pp (In Japanese). The process described in this paper is useful for the desulfurization of combustion gases from coal- or heavy oil combustion. It involves (1) allowing ammonium salts to he included in the slurries, (2) allowing the waste gases to contact with the slurries, (3) separating the slurries into minute calcium carbonate-mainly containing diluted slurries, and concentrated slurries containing gypsum by-products of increased particle size, and (4) collecting gypsum hy-products of high purity.
U.S. Army investigation of diesel exhaust emis97101488 sions using JP-8 fuels with varying sulfur content Yost, D. M. et al. Sot. Automot. Eng., [Spec. Publ.] SP, 1996, SP-1206 (Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission Control), 113-124. Details a compartive study into the emissions of two dynamometer-based diesel engines using protocol specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). A single JP-8 fuel with a sulfur level of 0.06 wt.% was adjusted to sulfur levels of 0.1 I and 0.26 wt.%. The emission characteristics of the three fuels were compared to the 1994 EPA certification low-sulfur diesel fuel (sulfur level equal to 0.03s wt.%).
Fundamental Science, Analysis, Instrumentation 97101490 Acetylatlon of phenol derivatives methods: relation to coal acetylation Monsef-Mirzai,
97101491 gasifiers
P.
by different
Fuel, 1996, 75, (14). 1684-1687.
Acid gas fractionation
process for fossil fuel
Baker, R. W. and Lokhandwala, K. A. U.S. US 5, 556. 449 (Cl. 95-49: BOlD53/22), 17 Sep 1996, US Appl. 143, 283. 25 Ott 1993, 28 pp. Cont.-inpart of US 5, 401, 300. Details improved processes for treating gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, particularly gas streams from fossil fuel gasification processes. The processes make use of a membrane that maintains high hydrogen sulfide/methane selectivity and adequate hydrogen sulfide/carbon dioxide selectivity when measured with multicomponent gas mixtures at high pressure. The processes have three steps: an acid gas removal step, a membrane fractionation step and a sulfur-fixing step.
The action of benzene-methanol binary solvent on coal at room temperature
97101492
Wang, G. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 925-930. Various analysis results are presented on the following experiment: equal volumes of benzene and methanol were used as a binary solvent to extract two Chinese coals at 25°C. The extract was separated into three classes: benzene-soluble (BS), methanol-soluble (MS) and benzene, methanolinsoluble (BMI). The Brown-Ladner method is used to calculate the average molecular structure parameters of BS, MS and BMI. Explanations of the results are offered relating the properties and structure of the extracted products with the swelling ratio of the coal and the calorific effect of the extraction.
Aerodynamics firing with pulverized coal. Flame modeling in the burning zone of a cement rotary kilns, Part 2
97101493
Kolyfetis, E. and Markatos, N. C. ZKC; Int., 1996, 49, (6), 326-330, 332334. (In English/German) Discusses the development of a mathematical model for the prediction of flow, combustion and heat transfer in a pulverized-fuel-fired rotary kiln. Several auxiliary mathematical models describing the different phenomena in a rotary kiln are selected according to their performance. The predictions obtained by the developed model are compared with experimental data from a rotary kiln in operation. The correlations are discussed. 97101494
Analizlng of equipment damage in a 1 tonlday PDU
Mita, S. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronbunshu, 1995, 32, 283-286 (In Japanese). Coal slurry was liquefied with hydrogen at over 723 K and nearly 200 atmospheres in a l-t/d PDU. The equipment was damaged in this reaction environment. To predict the maintenance needs in a pilot plant and to obtain information for equipment scaling-up for demonstration and commercial plants, equipment damage at this I-t/d PDU was evaluated. 97101495
Analysis of alumina-supported catalysts by XPS
Baker, B. G. and Jasieniak, M. Surf Sci., 1996, 348-362. Edited by MacDonald, R. J. er al., Springer, Berlin, Germany. Presents a study into the use of XPS in the analysis of alumina support catalysts.
The behavior of chemically altered coals in ZnClp97101496 catalyzed reaction with hydrogen and methanol Kuznetsov, P. N. et al. Fuel, 1996, 75, (lo), 1227-1234. Investigated the reaction of a series of chemically altered coals in reaction with methanol and hydrogen in the presence of ZnClz as a catalyst. Significant beneficial effects were observed when high-rank coals were altered by reduction and methylation. The hehaviour of altered brown and sub-bituminous coals was affected by both the mode of chemical pretreatment and the reaction conditions.
Behavior of droplets in pressure-atomized sprays with coflowing air swirl
97101497
97101489 cation
Universal svstem for electrochemical water purifi-
Beigel’drud, G.M. Koks Khim., 1996, (3). 33. (In Russian) The system described in this paper is suitable for the removal of a large number of organic pollutants. It comprises electroflotation. electrocoagulation, electroxidation, and electroosmosis units.
fuel
Presser, C. et al. Prog. Astronaut. Aeronaut., 1996, 171 (Recent Advances in Spray Combustion: Spray Atomization and Drop Burning Phenomena, 2), 31-61. Droplet transport in a swirling kerosine spray is examined using phase Doppler interferometry. Droplet mean properties were measured to characterize the global features of the spray, where size and velocity
Fuel and Energy Absrracts
March 1997
117
Systems for evaluation natural fuel dust
of explosion
Fuel science and technology
hazard of
15
Tolchinskii, E. N. et al. Elektr. Sm., 1996, (7), 42-50. (In Russian) A review of methods used to determine the explosion hazard of fuel dust.
97101404
Okpokwasili, G. C. and Odokuma, L. 0. J. Pet. Sri. Eng. 1996, 16, (l/3), 89-93. An investigation in the the effects on the nitrite utilization and logarithmic rate of growth of Nitrohacfer of four hydrocarbon fuels (jet fuel, kerosene, gasoline and diesel oil). Nitrite utilization increased with increase in exposure period to the fuels. The percent-log survival of Nitrobacter decreased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the fuels. Nitrobactrr sensitivity to hydrocarbon fuels decreased in the order, kerosene > jet fuel = gasoline > diesel oil.
Treatment of coking byproduct processing waste-
Beigel’drud, G.M. Koks Khim., 1996, (3), 32-33. (In Russian) Describes an electrochemical treatment of coking by-product wastewater using NH,NO? for the generation of N bubbles.
processing
Treatment of fly ashes containing salts and heavy 97101486 metals from incinerators and furnaces Izumikawa, C. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 141, 539 [96, 141, 5391 (Cl. BOYB3/l~O), 4 Jun 1996, Appl. 941311, 210, 21 Nov 1994. 6 pp (In Japanese). Details a process for the treatment of fly ashes containing chlorides, especially NaCI, and heavy metals, (particularly Zn, Cu, and Ph, from incinerators and melting furnaces), which comprises repulping the fly ashes with the addition of water, the addition of neutralization agents to the fly ashes to adjust to pH 8.0-l 1.O, and solid-liquid seperation of the mixtures into residues containing heavy metals and filtrates containing salts. An alternative method is also described. This process comprises (I) addition of water and neutralization agents to the fly ashes to adjust the liquids to pH 8.0-11.0 and solid-liquid separation, (2) repulping the residues by addition of water, adjusting the pH to <3 and soluhilization of heavy metal components mainly containing Zn and Cu, and filtration of the residues containing heavy metals, mainly Ph. and (3) addition of neutralization agents to the filtrates obtained in the preceding steps to adjust the pH to >7 and formation of hydroxides of heavy metals, mainly Zn, and optional addition of sulfidizing agents to form precipitates of sulfides of the rest of the heavy metals, and filtration of the precipitates. Alternatively, the process comprises step I as above, (2) repulping the residues by addition of water, adjusting the pH to <3 and soluhilization of heavy metal components mainly containing Zn and Cd, and filtration of the residues containing heavy metals mainly Ph. (3) addition of neutralization agents to the filtrates obtained in step 2 to adjust the pH to 28 and formation of hydroxides of heavy metals, mainly Zn followed by solid-liquid seperation, and (4) and addition of sulfidizing agents to the filtrates obtained in step 1 and the filtration of the precipitates. The processes provide separation of heavy metals in fly ashes as stable forms and the separated residues containing Ph and hydroxides mainly containing Zn can he used as metal resources.
97101487
science, analysis, instrumentation)
FUEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Tolerance of Nitrobacter to toxicity of hydrocarbon
fuels
97101485 water
(fundamental
Treatment of waste gases
Ugawa, N. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho Jp 08, 155, 260 [96, 155, 2601 (Cl. BOID53150). 18 Jun 1996, Appl. 941300, 585, 5 Dee 1994, 5 pp (In Japanese). The process described in this paper is useful for the desulfurization of combustion gases from coal- or heavy oil combustion. It involves (1) allowing ammonium salts to he included in the slurries, (2) allowing the waste gases to contact with the slurries, (3) separating the slurries into minute calcium carbonate-mainly containing diluted slurries, and concentrated slurries containing gypsum by-products of increased particle size, and (4) collecting gypsum hy-products of high purity.
U.S. Army investigation of diesel exhaust emis97101488 sions using JP-8 fuels with varying sulfur content Yost, D. M. et al. Sot. Automot. Eng., [Spec. Publ.] SP, 1996, SP-1206 (Diesel Engine Combustion and Emission Control), 113-124. Details a compartive study into the emissions of two dynamometer-based diesel engines using protocol specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB). A single JP-8 fuel with a sulfur level of 0.06 wt.% was adjusted to sulfur levels of 0.1 I and 0.26 wt.%. The emission characteristics of the three fuels were compared to the 1994 EPA certification low-sulfur diesel fuel (sulfur level equal to 0.03s wt.%).
Fundamental Science, Analysis, Instrumentation 97101490 Acetylatlon of phenol derivatives methods: relation to coal acetylation Monsef-Mirzai,
97101491 gasifiers
P.
by different
Fuel, 1996, 75, (14). 1684-1687.
Acid gas fractionation
process for fossil fuel
Baker, R. W. and Lokhandwala, K. A. U.S. US 5, 556. 449 (Cl. 95-49: BOlD53/22), 17 Sep 1996, US Appl. 143, 283. 25 Ott 1993, 28 pp. Cont.-inpart of US 5, 401, 300. Details improved processes for treating gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, particularly gas streams from fossil fuel gasification processes. The processes make use of a membrane that maintains high hydrogen sulfide/methane selectivity and adequate hydrogen sulfide/carbon dioxide selectivity when measured with multicomponent gas mixtures at high pressure. The processes have three steps: an acid gas removal step, a membrane fractionation step and a sulfur-fixing step.
The action of benzene-methanol binary solvent on coal at room temperature
97101492
Wang, G. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 925-930. Various analysis results are presented on the following experiment: equal volumes of benzene and methanol were used as a binary solvent to extract two Chinese coals at 25°C. The extract was separated into three classes: benzene-soluble (BS), methanol-soluble (MS) and benzene, methanolinsoluble (BMI). The Brown-Ladner method is used to calculate the average molecular structure parameters of BS, MS and BMI. Explanations of the results are offered relating the properties and structure of the extracted products with the swelling ratio of the coal and the calorific effect of the extraction.
Aerodynamics firing with pulverized coal. Flame modeling in the burning zone of a cement rotary kilns, Part 2
97101493
Kolyfetis, E. and Markatos, N. C. ZKC; Int., 1996, 49, (6), 326-330, 332334. (In English/German) Discusses the development of a mathematical model for the prediction of flow, combustion and heat transfer in a pulverized-fuel-fired rotary kiln. Several auxiliary mathematical models describing the different phenomena in a rotary kiln are selected according to their performance. The predictions obtained by the developed model are compared with experimental data from a rotary kiln in operation. The correlations are discussed. 97101494
Analizlng of equipment damage in a 1 tonlday PDU
Mita, S. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronbunshu, 1995, 32, 283-286 (In Japanese). Coal slurry was liquefied with hydrogen at over 723 K and nearly 200 atmospheres in a l-t/d PDU. The equipment was damaged in this reaction environment. To predict the maintenance needs in a pilot plant and to obtain information for equipment scaling-up for demonstration and commercial plants, equipment damage at this I-t/d PDU was evaluated. 97101495
Analysis of alumina-supported catalysts by XPS
Baker, B. G. and Jasieniak, M. Surf Sci., 1996, 348-362. Edited by MacDonald, R. J. er al., Springer, Berlin, Germany. Presents a study into the use of XPS in the analysis of alumina support catalysts.
The behavior of chemically altered coals in ZnClp97101496 catalyzed reaction with hydrogen and methanol Kuznetsov, P. N. et al. Fuel, 1996, 75, (lo), 1227-1234. Investigated the reaction of a series of chemically altered coals in reaction with methanol and hydrogen in the presence of ZnClz as a catalyst. Significant beneficial effects were observed when high-rank coals were altered by reduction and methylation. The hehaviour of altered brown and sub-bituminous coals was affected by both the mode of chemical pretreatment and the reaction conditions.
Behavior of droplets in pressure-atomized sprays with coflowing air swirl
97101497
97101489 cation
Universal svstem for electrochemical water purifi-
Beigel’drud, G.M. Koks Khim., 1996, (3). 33. (In Russian) The system described in this paper is suitable for the removal of a large number of organic pollutants. It comprises electroflotation. electrocoagulation, electroxidation, and electroosmosis units.
fuel
Presser, C. et al. Prog. Astronaut. Aeronaut., 1996, 171 (Recent Advances in Spray Combustion: Spray Atomization and Drop Burning Phenomena, 2), 31-61. Droplet transport in a swirling kerosine spray is examined using phase Doppler interferometry. Droplet mean properties were measured to characterize the global features of the spray, where size and velocity
Fuel and Energy Absrracts
March 1997
117