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01567 Effect of mineral matter on the burning profile of lignites
07
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01
the lignite samples. These mineral species catalytically influence combustion phenomena of the lignite samples. Their catalytic effects more pronounced at higher temperatures
SOLID FUELS Sources,
Winning,
97101566 The effect of molten caustic leaching on a structure of anthracite Lee, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf. 1995, 12, 499-504.
Properties
An apparatus for the direct 97191561 confined yield strength of crushed coal
measurement
of un-
Levorson, S. M. et nl. Trans. Sot. Min., Metall., Expior., 1995, (Pub. 1996) 298, 181I-1815Section 2. An apparatus has been developed to directly measure the unconfined yield strength and bulk density of consolidated-coal samples. This forms part of a research programme to develop a coal-handlability index that would predict the ease with which a coal would flow through a handling system. The new test apparatus provides a fast and simple method for determining the strength and compressibility parameters that are associated with the handling characteristics of crushed coal. Tests on four coals indicate that the new test device yields valid results. Furthermore, the speed and ease of operation of the new device make it suitable for quality control and quality assurance in plants.
97101562
Chemical
depolymerization
of weathered
coal
Li, S. and Dou, X. Ronlino Huaxue Xuehao, 1996, 24, (4), 353-359. (In Chinese) The depolymerization of weathered coals by HNOz with Mn-Mo catalyst was studied. Both the extraction yield of depolymerized products in different solvent and their active functional groups increase greatly after depolymerization. The extraction yield of water insoluble acid from Lingshi weathered coal in glycol, DMF and polyethylene glycol increased from 0.92% to 54.5%. 0.93% to 87.4% and 1.31% to 76.6%, respectively. The extraction yield of water soluble acid in glycol and polyethylene glycol increased to 100%. IR, UV-visible spectra, E4iE6, and membrane permeation determinations show that the molecular weight and condensation of the aromatic ring of water soluble acid are lower than the fulvic acid from Jingcheng weathered coal.
97101563 Review
Classification
Ruschev, D. D. Xoks K&n., A review with I6 references.
of solid fuels. Their systematization.
and char
combustion
study
Raines, T. S. and Brown, R. C. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 212-217. This research aims to characterize coals during the normal operation of an industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The method determines coal properties based on the analysis of transient CO and COz emissions from the boiler. Fourier-Transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed. Preliminary data suggest that coal devolatilization is complete before char combustion commences in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Coals from the Ostrava-Karvina mining district 97101565 (OKD), Czech Republic, and preconditions of their application in processes of clean coal technology. Part 2. Chemical composition of the inorganic matter of the OKD coal and its &;;ges during laboratory combustion of seam samples of OKD Klika, Z. et al. Acta Mont., Ser. B. 1995. 5, 23-41. Analysis of major and trace elements was carried out on I7 coal samples from OKD. These data were statistically evaluated and compared with existing data from the same region. The volatility of coal was also evaluated.
Distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Yiming Wumuchang coal Gu, Y. Ronlino Huaxue Xuehoo, 1996, 24, (4), 335-340. (In Chinese)
97101566
Coal ranks in the coal reserves in the Yiming coal field range from lignite to bituminous coal. The distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from methylnaphthalene (m/Z = 142) to methylpicene (m/Z = 292) of the extracts of these coals were identified by GUMS analyses. It indicated that coalification of coal consists not only of condensation reactions, but also pyrolysis or demethylation. The methylphenanthrene index can be used as a coalification parameter to differentiate the coal ranks.
97101567 lignites
Effect of mineral
matter
on the burning
profile
of
Sentorun, C. and Kucukbayark, S. Therntochim. Acta, 1996, 285, (I), 3546. The effect of the mineral species and of the total mineral matter content on the burning profile of 25 lignite samples originating from different parts of Turkey was investigated by thermogravimetry in this study. The burn-out times, DTG maximum peak temperatures and weight loss rates of the samples were correlated with the CaO, MgO, NazO and KZO contents of
134
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
The molten caustic leaching (MCL) process was used to treat Korean anthracite and imported bituminous coal and the changes in their organic structure and combustion characteristics were investigated. Functional group analysis, vitrinite reflectance measurements, maceral and TGA analysis were performed. It was found that the content of highly reactive aliphatic hydrocarbons linked with aromatic rings decreased and the vitrinite reflectance increased after the treatment.
97101569 Effects of combustion-supporting erties of combustion of pulverized coal
agents
on prop-
Shen, F. et PI. Donghei Doxue Xuehao, &-on Kexuehan, 1996, 17, (2) l67170. (In Chinese) Limestone, dolomite, quicklime, etc., which are usually used in the process of blast furnace, were selected as combustion-assisting agents for pulverized coal. Experiments were undertaken to study the effect of these materials on various properties of pulverized coal. The addition of 2-8% comhustionassisting agents can increase the combustion efficiency by s-18%, the repose angle of pulverized coal by 4”. and the grinding ability of coal by 1l18 HGI.
97101570 dewatering
Evaluation results
of the influence
of coal properties
on
Zhu, S. et al. Proc. Amu~. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Corlf., IYYS, 12, 5X1-586. Twenty Chinese coals of similar particle size distribution were dewatered under vacuum (0.045, 0.060 and 0.075 mPa) and pressure (4 and 6 atm). The results of the coke moisture were analysed and correlated to the coal properties. It is evident that the coke moisture content increases with coal hydrophilicity. The driving force applied to the dewatering process seems to be a factor that affects the relevance of coal parameters.
97101571 morphism
1996, (h), 2-7. (In Russian)
Coal devolatilization 97101564 using FTIR spectroscopy
the are
Evolution of coal molecular structure and changes in coal thermal characteristics
in meta-
Khim Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), Skripchenko. G. B. and Nikiforov, D. V. 1996, (3), 31-44. (In Russian) Based on data from vitrinite molecular structure, the calculation of coal vitrification temperature and the temperature of the onset of extensive coal decomposition were presented. The conclusion was made that structural fragments were joined together in a crosslinked structure with 0 and methylene bonds, An evaluation of the influence of individual structure groups on the calculated thermal characteristics of coal was carried out for coal of different metamorphism. 97101572
Experimental
study of the permeability
of coal
Narita, T. et a/. Shigen to Kankyo, 1996, 5, (4), 193-200. (In Japanese) The efficient extraction of coalbed methane from a coal seam requires an investigation into the in-situ permeability of coal. In this paper, a transient air pressure method was used to measure the permeability of coal specimens from the Kushiro Taiheiyo coal mine. From these results, insitu permeability of coal is considered to be very small and the coal has almost no permeability. The transient air pressure method introduced here proved to be a simple and easy in measuring the permeability of coal specimens.
97101573 GC-MS in organic geochemistry tion of the origin and degree of carbonification Kosovo basin (Yugoslavia)
of coal-estimain coal from the
Milicevic, 2. et al. J. Serb. Chern. Sot., 1996, 61, (Y), 823-X30. Using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), biological markers in the alkane fraction of coal from the central and southern parts of the Kosovo Basin were analysed. The results of the GCMS analysis of the biomarkers were used to estimate the degree of coalification of the investigated coal. They confirmed that Kosovo hasin coal is of a low coalification degree.
97101574 Geochemical comparisons of the Lower Gondwana coals of peninsula with the Tertiary coals of extra-peninsular India Chandra, D. and Singh, M. P. Indian Miner. 1994, 4X, (3), 157-166. The conclusions of a study into the distribution of trace elements of coals from 28 Lower Gondwana and seven Tertiary basins of India indicate that the concentration and distribution of trace elements in the Gondwana coals are more uniform than in the Tertiary coals. It has been suggested that the geochemical characterization and correlation can be performed more efficiently if the values of NiiCo and BaiSr ratios are plotted against the total average values of the environmentally sensitive elements-Cr. Cu. Ga, Ni and V.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01
the lignite samples. These mineral species catalytically influence combustion phenomena of the lignite samples. Their catalytic effects more pronounced at higher temperatures
SOLID FUELS Sources,
Winning,
97101566 The effect of molten caustic leaching on a structure of anthracite Lee, S. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf. 1995, 12, 499-504.
Properties
An apparatus for the direct 97191561 confined yield strength of crushed coal
measurement
of un-
Levorson, S. M. et nl. Trans. Sot. Min., Metall., Expior., 1995, (Pub. 1996) 298, 181I-1815Section 2. An apparatus has been developed to directly measure the unconfined yield strength and bulk density of consolidated-coal samples. This forms part of a research programme to develop a coal-handlability index that would predict the ease with which a coal would flow through a handling system. The new test apparatus provides a fast and simple method for determining the strength and compressibility parameters that are associated with the handling characteristics of crushed coal. Tests on four coals indicate that the new test device yields valid results. Furthermore, the speed and ease of operation of the new device make it suitable for quality control and quality assurance in plants.
97101562
Chemical
depolymerization
of weathered
coal
Li, S. and Dou, X. Ronlino Huaxue Xuehao, 1996, 24, (4), 353-359. (In Chinese) The depolymerization of weathered coals by HNOz with Mn-Mo catalyst was studied. Both the extraction yield of depolymerized products in different solvent and their active functional groups increase greatly after depolymerization. The extraction yield of water insoluble acid from Lingshi weathered coal in glycol, DMF and polyethylene glycol increased from 0.92% to 54.5%. 0.93% to 87.4% and 1.31% to 76.6%, respectively. The extraction yield of water soluble acid in glycol and polyethylene glycol increased to 100%. IR, UV-visible spectra, E4iE6, and membrane permeation determinations show that the molecular weight and condensation of the aromatic ring of water soluble acid are lower than the fulvic acid from Jingcheng weathered coal.
97101563 Review
Classification
Ruschev, D. D. Xoks K&n., A review with I6 references.
of solid fuels. Their systematization.
and char
combustion
study
Raines, T. S. and Brown, R. C. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 212-217. This research aims to characterize coals during the normal operation of an industrial-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler. The method determines coal properties based on the analysis of transient CO and COz emissions from the boiler. Fourier-Transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed. Preliminary data suggest that coal devolatilization is complete before char combustion commences in a circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Coals from the Ostrava-Karvina mining district 97101565 (OKD), Czech Republic, and preconditions of their application in processes of clean coal technology. Part 2. Chemical composition of the inorganic matter of the OKD coal and its &;;ges during laboratory combustion of seam samples of OKD Klika, Z. et al. Acta Mont., Ser. B. 1995. 5, 23-41. Analysis of major and trace elements was carried out on I7 coal samples from OKD. These data were statistically evaluated and compared with existing data from the same region. The volatility of coal was also evaluated.
Distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Yiming Wumuchang coal Gu, Y. Ronlino Huaxue Xuehoo, 1996, 24, (4), 335-340. (In Chinese)
97101566
Coal ranks in the coal reserves in the Yiming coal field range from lignite to bituminous coal. The distribution pattern of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from methylnaphthalene (m/Z = 142) to methylpicene (m/Z = 292) of the extracts of these coals were identified by GUMS analyses. It indicated that coalification of coal consists not only of condensation reactions, but also pyrolysis or demethylation. The methylphenanthrene index can be used as a coalification parameter to differentiate the coal ranks.
97101567 lignites
Effect of mineral
matter
on the burning
profile
of
Sentorun, C. and Kucukbayark, S. Therntochim. Acta, 1996, 285, (I), 3546. The effect of the mineral species and of the total mineral matter content on the burning profile of 25 lignite samples originating from different parts of Turkey was investigated by thermogravimetry in this study. The burn-out times, DTG maximum peak temperatures and weight loss rates of the samples were correlated with the CaO, MgO, NazO and KZO contents of
134
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
The molten caustic leaching (MCL) process was used to treat Korean anthracite and imported bituminous coal and the changes in their organic structure and combustion characteristics were investigated. Functional group analysis, vitrinite reflectance measurements, maceral and TGA analysis were performed. It was found that the content of highly reactive aliphatic hydrocarbons linked with aromatic rings decreased and the vitrinite reflectance increased after the treatment.
97101569 Effects of combustion-supporting erties of combustion of pulverized coal
agents
on prop-
Shen, F. et PI. Donghei Doxue Xuehao, &-on Kexuehan, 1996, 17, (2) l67170. (In Chinese) Limestone, dolomite, quicklime, etc., which are usually used in the process of blast furnace, were selected as combustion-assisting agents for pulverized coal. Experiments were undertaken to study the effect of these materials on various properties of pulverized coal. The addition of 2-8% comhustionassisting agents can increase the combustion efficiency by s-18%, the repose angle of pulverized coal by 4”. and the grinding ability of coal by 1l18 HGI.
97101570 dewatering
Evaluation results
of the influence
of coal properties
on
Zhu, S. et al. Proc. Amu~. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Corlf., IYYS, 12, 5X1-586. Twenty Chinese coals of similar particle size distribution were dewatered under vacuum (0.045, 0.060 and 0.075 mPa) and pressure (4 and 6 atm). The results of the coke moisture were analysed and correlated to the coal properties. It is evident that the coke moisture content increases with coal hydrophilicity. The driving force applied to the dewatering process seems to be a factor that affects the relevance of coal parameters.
97101571 morphism
1996, (h), 2-7. (In Russian)
Coal devolatilization 97101564 using FTIR spectroscopy
the are
Evolution of coal molecular structure and changes in coal thermal characteristics
in meta-
Khim Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), Skripchenko. G. B. and Nikiforov, D. V. 1996, (3), 31-44. (In Russian) Based on data from vitrinite molecular structure, the calculation of coal vitrification temperature and the temperature of the onset of extensive coal decomposition were presented. The conclusion was made that structural fragments were joined together in a crosslinked structure with 0 and methylene bonds, An evaluation of the influence of individual structure groups on the calculated thermal characteristics of coal was carried out for coal of different metamorphism. 97101572
Experimental
study of the permeability
of coal
Narita, T. et a/. Shigen to Kankyo, 1996, 5, (4), 193-200. (In Japanese) The efficient extraction of coalbed methane from a coal seam requires an investigation into the in-situ permeability of coal. In this paper, a transient air pressure method was used to measure the permeability of coal specimens from the Kushiro Taiheiyo coal mine. From these results, insitu permeability of coal is considered to be very small and the coal has almost no permeability. The transient air pressure method introduced here proved to be a simple and easy in measuring the permeability of coal specimens.
97101573 GC-MS in organic geochemistry tion of the origin and degree of carbonification Kosovo basin (Yugoslavia)
of coal-estimain coal from the
Milicevic, 2. et al. J. Serb. Chern. Sot., 1996, 61, (Y), 823-X30. Using computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), biological markers in the alkane fraction of coal from the central and southern parts of the Kosovo Basin were analysed. The results of the GCMS analysis of the biomarkers were used to estimate the degree of coalification of the investigated coal. They confirmed that Kosovo hasin coal is of a low coalification degree.
97101574 Geochemical comparisons of the Lower Gondwana coals of peninsula with the Tertiary coals of extra-peninsular India Chandra, D. and Singh, M. P. Indian Miner. 1994, 4X, (3), 157-166. The conclusions of a study into the distribution of trace elements of coals from 28 Lower Gondwana and seven Tertiary basins of India indicate that the concentration and distribution of trace elements in the Gondwana coals are more uniform than in the Tertiary coals. It has been suggested that the geochemical characterization and correlation can be performed more efficiently if the values of NiiCo and BaiSr ratios are plotted against the total average values of the environmentally sensitive elements-Cr. Cu. Ga, Ni and V.