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01918 Manufacture of particulate carbon from coal dust
04
By-products
related
to fuels
results support a bacterially-mediated, degradative origin for Type II-S amorphous organic matter, with algal remains as the primary source of the kerogen. ‘HATS’: the future of long-term thermal stabilization 97101906 of polyolefins Schmutz, T. Per. Coal, 1995, 37, (3), 44-49. This paper shows the performance of Tinuvin 622, Chimassorb 944 and Chimassorb 119 as hindered amine thermal stabilizers (HATS) in thin and thick polypropylene articles. Data are presented illustrating the benefit of using these high-molecular weight compounds for long-term thermal stabilization of polypropylene. The performance in a variety of filled and unfilled, pigmented and unpigmented polypropylene grades is shown and typical applications are discussed. Hydrogen production from inferior coals 97101907 Barca, F. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf.. 1995, 12, 899-901. The procedure consists of drying the coal at 1200” followed by pyrolysis, and gasification in the presence of the water vapour. The procedure gives the gas containing H and small quantity of carbon. Improving the properties of tar-urethane 97lO1908 waterproofing coatings Jiang, Y.-x. Huuxue Jiancai 1996, 12(4), 161-162. (In Chinese)
rubber
Influence of wet and preheated coal charging on 97101909 the nature of quinoline insolubles of coal tars and their derived pitches Alvarez, R. Fuel Process. Technol., 1996, 47, (3), 281-293. Microscopic techniques, Coulter laser particle size analysis and solid-state 13C NMR techniques were used to determine the differences between primary quinoline insoluble (QI) material of coal tars and their derived pitches caused by preheating carbonization. integrated carbonizer/CPFBC pilot plant 97/01910 Robertson, A. and Van Hook, J. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 254-259. Integrated coal gasification and methanol syn97101911 thesis power plants. Part I. Assessment of the coal-to-methanol conversion process Cau, G. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 173-180. An evaluation of the effect of the choice of MeOH-synthesis processes (liquid-phase versus gas-phase) in an integrated coal gasification system in an overall coal-to-MeOH conversion process in power generation. A portion of the coal gas feeds the power plant for the base-load generation, while the remainder is converted to liquid MeOH, which can be easily stored and subsequently used during peak demand. MeOH production is not very affected by the choice of coal gasification technology, although the choice of gasification technology has a significant affect on the energy flows associated with clean gas and steam co-production. The interaction of calcium nitrate and a Class C fly 97101912 ash during hydration Hill, R. and Daugherty, K. Gem. Concr. Res., 1996, 26, (7), 1131-1143. In order to study the hydration of a Class C fly ash in the presence of various concentrations of calcium nitrate, different analysis techniques were used. Calcium nitrate was found to accelerate the hydration of calcium aluminate phases in relation to dosage. Hydration mechanisms were modified resulting in altered products. The new products consisted of calcium aluminate hydrate and nitrate. Evidence suggested that the modified nitrate-hydrates competed with or inhibited the formation of calcium aluminate sulfates hydrates. Iron distribution among phases in high- and low97101913 sulfur coal fly ash Hower, J. C. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 11381143. Six fly ash samples were subjected to Moessbauer spectroscopy, reflectedlight optical microscopy, scanning-electron microscopy, wet chemical, and X-ray diffraction studies. The variation that was found in the Fe-oxidation state follows the variation in the sulfur, consequently pyrite, content of the feed coal. Kinetics of phosphate rock dissolution in acidic 97101914 soil amended with liming materials and cellulose He, Z. L. et al. Soil Sci. Sot. Am. J., 1996, 60, (5), 1589-1595. Phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (CCBP), limestone, and organic materials are promising amendments for low P, acid soils, and two or more of the amendments are commonly applied to improve crop yields in acid soil. The effects of CCBP, limestone, and cellulose application on dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) were examined. The results appeared useful in evaluating the effects of CCBP application on NCPR dissolution in the acid soil and might also be applicable to predicting PR dissolution for a wide range of soils with different properties.
156
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
97101915 Manufacture and properties of coal fly ash-clay body Song, J. T. Yoop Hakhoechi, 1996, 33, (7), 771-778. (In Korean). Ways in which fly ash by-produced from coal fired power plants and classified as general waste could be utilized became a very important problem to solve in the environmental protection and recycling of waste materials. The possibility of large scale substitution of fly ash as a raw material for bricks and wet tiles was highly expected because the chemical compositions of fly ash were mostly Al203 and SiOz, and the properties of it were very similar with clay. Accordingly, to investigate the substitutional limit, these specimens were substituted from 0 to 100 wt.% fly ash by 20 wt.% increment for clay. The results obtained indicated that fly ash could be substituted for about 60 wt.% of the clay. 97101916 Manufacture of binder pitch Hatano, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,218,078 [96,218,078] (Cl. ClOC3/10), 27 Aug 1996, AppI. 95128,246, 16 Feb 1995; 4 pp. (In Japanese) This paper describes the process of primary heating coal tar pitch, The process may contain blowing inert gases and/or steam in the primary or the secondary heating. The pitch is useful for C anode binders. 97101917 Manufacture of high-strength nonporous concretewith the use of hydraulically active like building materials brown-coal fly ashes Werner, B. and Wagner, H. Ger. Offen. DE 19,509,528 (Cl. C04B18/08), 2 Ott 1996, Appl. 19,509,528, 1 Feb 1995, 3 pp. (In German) A description of the process which comprises directly using the hydraulically active brown-coal fly ashes, without prior treatment with water, and using the minimum amount of water for its hydration. 97101918 Manufacture of particulate carbon from coal dust Obata, T. Jpn. Kokaj Tokyo Koho JP 08,143,306 [96,143,3061 (Cl. COlB31/02), 4 Jun 1996, AppI. 94/280,784, 15 Nov 1994; 4 pp. (In Japanese) The manufacture of particulate carbon having a average particle diameter l-5 mm and hardness equivalent to pencil hardness 2H-6H is described. Coal dust from heavy oil-burning facility is used. 97101919 Manufacture of powdered artificial graphite Ema, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho ‘IP 08,217,433 [96,217,433] (Cl. COlB31/04), 27 Aug 1996, Appl. 95146,411, 9 Feb 1995,6 pp. (In Japanese) The graphite, manufactured from coking coals, is of a high quality and is suitable for coatings, etc. 97101920 Manufacture of styrene-alkylated cresols as stabilizers for nonstaining synthetic rubber Wojcik, J. et al. Pol. PL 165,119 (Cl. CO7C39/06), 30 Nov 1994, Appl. 288,690, 14 Jan 1991; 2 pp. (In Polish) Cresols (from low-temperature coal carbonization) are alkylated with styrene using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as alkylation catalyst to manufacture these stabilizers. 97/01921 Modification of low density polyethylene with itaconic acid Hudec, I. et al. Pet. Coal, 1996, 38, (2), 44-46. Reaction of LDPE with itaconic acid in the presence of peroxides improves adhesion of the LDPE with polar surfaces. 97101922 p;;ysacids
.Ney oxidative In high yields
degradation me!h.od for producing and high selectnnty from low-rank
Miura, K. et al. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (6), 1196-1201. A promising method of producing small molecule fatty acids in high yield and in high selectivity, is the application of low rank coal oxidation using hydrogen peroxide at low temperature under ambient pressure. Five lowrank coals (C% = 65.1-74.7 on daf basis) served to test the validity of the method. The high yields of the compoundsobtained are closely related to the structure of low-rank coals. Obtaining these products in such high yield and high selectivity under mild reaction conditions may present a new method for utilizing low-rank coals. 97101923 NO, adsorption on char in presence of oxygen and moisture Kong, Y. and Cha, C. Y. Carbon, 1996, 34, (8), 1027-1033. The char produced from a subbituminous coal is a cheap and effective adsorbent to remove nitrogen oxides (NO,) from flue gas. This paper addresses the NO, adsorption on char in the presence of oxygen and moisture since there are both water vapour and oxygen present in flue gas. 97101924 Organoclays in gas-chromatographic analysis of by-product coking products. Review Nabivach, V. M. Koks Khim. 1995, (4), 17-25. (In Russian) The paper reviews clay-containing (e.g. Benton-245, Benton-34, montmorillonite, vermiculite) stationary phases in gas chromatography analysis of coking products (e.g. BTX fraction).
By-products
related
to fuels
results support a bacterially-mediated, degradative origin for Type II-S amorphous organic matter, with algal remains as the primary source of the kerogen. ‘HATS’: the future of long-term thermal stabilization 97101906 of polyolefins Schmutz, T. Per. Coal, 1995, 37, (3), 44-49. This paper shows the performance of Tinuvin 622, Chimassorb 944 and Chimassorb 119 as hindered amine thermal stabilizers (HATS) in thin and thick polypropylene articles. Data are presented illustrating the benefit of using these high-molecular weight compounds for long-term thermal stabilization of polypropylene. The performance in a variety of filled and unfilled, pigmented and unpigmented polypropylene grades is shown and typical applications are discussed. Hydrogen production from inferior coals 97101907 Barca, F. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf.. 1995, 12, 899-901. The procedure consists of drying the coal at 1200” followed by pyrolysis, and gasification in the presence of the water vapour. The procedure gives the gas containing H and small quantity of carbon. Improving the properties of tar-urethane 97lO1908 waterproofing coatings Jiang, Y.-x. Huuxue Jiancai 1996, 12(4), 161-162. (In Chinese)
rubber
Influence of wet and preheated coal charging on 97101909 the nature of quinoline insolubles of coal tars and their derived pitches Alvarez, R. Fuel Process. Technol., 1996, 47, (3), 281-293. Microscopic techniques, Coulter laser particle size analysis and solid-state 13C NMR techniques were used to determine the differences between primary quinoline insoluble (QI) material of coal tars and their derived pitches caused by preheating carbonization. integrated carbonizer/CPFBC pilot plant 97/01910 Robertson, A. and Van Hook, J. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 254-259. Integrated coal gasification and methanol syn97101911 thesis power plants. Part I. Assessment of the coal-to-methanol conversion process Cau, G. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 173-180. An evaluation of the effect of the choice of MeOH-synthesis processes (liquid-phase versus gas-phase) in an integrated coal gasification system in an overall coal-to-MeOH conversion process in power generation. A portion of the coal gas feeds the power plant for the base-load generation, while the remainder is converted to liquid MeOH, which can be easily stored and subsequently used during peak demand. MeOH production is not very affected by the choice of coal gasification technology, although the choice of gasification technology has a significant affect on the energy flows associated with clean gas and steam co-production. The interaction of calcium nitrate and a Class C fly 97101912 ash during hydration Hill, R. and Daugherty, K. Gem. Concr. Res., 1996, 26, (7), 1131-1143. In order to study the hydration of a Class C fly ash in the presence of various concentrations of calcium nitrate, different analysis techniques were used. Calcium nitrate was found to accelerate the hydration of calcium aluminate phases in relation to dosage. Hydration mechanisms were modified resulting in altered products. The new products consisted of calcium aluminate hydrate and nitrate. Evidence suggested that the modified nitrate-hydrates competed with or inhibited the formation of calcium aluminate sulfates hydrates. Iron distribution among phases in high- and low97101913 sulfur coal fly ash Hower, J. C. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 11381143. Six fly ash samples were subjected to Moessbauer spectroscopy, reflectedlight optical microscopy, scanning-electron microscopy, wet chemical, and X-ray diffraction studies. The variation that was found in the Fe-oxidation state follows the variation in the sulfur, consequently pyrite, content of the feed coal. Kinetics of phosphate rock dissolution in acidic 97101914 soil amended with liming materials and cellulose He, Z. L. et al. Soil Sci. Sot. Am. J., 1996, 60, (5), 1589-1595. Phosphate rock (PR), coal combustion by-product (CCBP), limestone, and organic materials are promising amendments for low P, acid soils, and two or more of the amendments are commonly applied to improve crop yields in acid soil. The effects of CCBP, limestone, and cellulose application on dissolution of North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) were examined. The results appeared useful in evaluating the effects of CCBP application on NCPR dissolution in the acid soil and might also be applicable to predicting PR dissolution for a wide range of soils with different properties.
156
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
97101915 Manufacture and properties of coal fly ash-clay body Song, J. T. Yoop Hakhoechi, 1996, 33, (7), 771-778. (In Korean). Ways in which fly ash by-produced from coal fired power plants and classified as general waste could be utilized became a very important problem to solve in the environmental protection and recycling of waste materials. The possibility of large scale substitution of fly ash as a raw material for bricks and wet tiles was highly expected because the chemical compositions of fly ash were mostly Al203 and SiOz, and the properties of it were very similar with clay. Accordingly, to investigate the substitutional limit, these specimens were substituted from 0 to 100 wt.% fly ash by 20 wt.% increment for clay. The results obtained indicated that fly ash could be substituted for about 60 wt.% of the clay. 97101916 Manufacture of binder pitch Hatano, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,218,078 [96,218,078] (Cl. ClOC3/10), 27 Aug 1996, AppI. 95128,246, 16 Feb 1995; 4 pp. (In Japanese) This paper describes the process of primary heating coal tar pitch, The process may contain blowing inert gases and/or steam in the primary or the secondary heating. The pitch is useful for C anode binders. 97101917 Manufacture of high-strength nonporous concretewith the use of hydraulically active like building materials brown-coal fly ashes Werner, B. and Wagner, H. Ger. Offen. DE 19,509,528 (Cl. C04B18/08), 2 Ott 1996, Appl. 19,509,528, 1 Feb 1995, 3 pp. (In German) A description of the process which comprises directly using the hydraulically active brown-coal fly ashes, without prior treatment with water, and using the minimum amount of water for its hydration. 97101918 Manufacture of particulate carbon from coal dust Obata, T. Jpn. Kokaj Tokyo Koho JP 08,143,306 [96,143,3061 (Cl. COlB31/02), 4 Jun 1996, AppI. 94/280,784, 15 Nov 1994; 4 pp. (In Japanese) The manufacture of particulate carbon having a average particle diameter l-5 mm and hardness equivalent to pencil hardness 2H-6H is described. Coal dust from heavy oil-burning facility is used. 97101919 Manufacture of powdered artificial graphite Ema, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho ‘IP 08,217,433 [96,217,433] (Cl. COlB31/04), 27 Aug 1996, Appl. 95146,411, 9 Feb 1995,6 pp. (In Japanese) The graphite, manufactured from coking coals, is of a high quality and is suitable for coatings, etc. 97101920 Manufacture of styrene-alkylated cresols as stabilizers for nonstaining synthetic rubber Wojcik, J. et al. Pol. PL 165,119 (Cl. CO7C39/06), 30 Nov 1994, Appl. 288,690, 14 Jan 1991; 2 pp. (In Polish) Cresols (from low-temperature coal carbonization) are alkylated with styrene using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid as alkylation catalyst to manufacture these stabilizers. 97/01921 Modification of low density polyethylene with itaconic acid Hudec, I. et al. Pet. Coal, 1996, 38, (2), 44-46. Reaction of LDPE with itaconic acid in the presence of peroxides improves adhesion of the LDPE with polar surfaces. 97101922 p;;ysacids
.Ney oxidative In high yields
degradation me!h.od for producing and high selectnnty from low-rank
Miura, K. et al. Energy Fuels, 1996, 10, (6), 1196-1201. A promising method of producing small molecule fatty acids in high yield and in high selectivity, is the application of low rank coal oxidation using hydrogen peroxide at low temperature under ambient pressure. Five lowrank coals (C% = 65.1-74.7 on daf basis) served to test the validity of the method. The high yields of the compoundsobtained are closely related to the structure of low-rank coals. Obtaining these products in such high yield and high selectivity under mild reaction conditions may present a new method for utilizing low-rank coals. 97101923 NO, adsorption on char in presence of oxygen and moisture Kong, Y. and Cha, C. Y. Carbon, 1996, 34, (8), 1027-1033. The char produced from a subbituminous coal is a cheap and effective adsorbent to remove nitrogen oxides (NO,) from flue gas. This paper addresses the NO, adsorption on char in the presence of oxygen and moisture since there are both water vapour and oxygen present in flue gas. 97101924 Organoclays in gas-chromatographic analysis of by-product coking products. Review Nabivach, V. M. Koks Khim. 1995, (4), 17-25. (In Russian) The paper reviews clay-containing (e.g. Benton-245, Benton-34, montmorillonite, vermiculite) stationary phases in gas chromatography analysis of coking products (e.g. BTX fraction).