- Email: [email protected]
02024 GIS-based biomass resource assessment with BRAVO
07
Alternative
97102021
energy sources (bioconversion
Finnish
bioenergy
research
energy)
program
VTT Symp., 1996, 164, (Power Production from Biomass II Asplund, D. with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD), 253-261. The Finnish bioenergy research programme includes the production of wood fuel, peat production, use of hioenergy and biomass conversion. In addition, it includes projects for fuel production from energy crops and utilization of the energy content of sludge and solid waste.
97102022
Full-scale
co-firing
of straw and coal
Pedersen, L. S. cl al. Fuel, 1996. 75, (13), 1584-1590. The Danish utilities have been considering the co-firing of hiofuels and coal in power plants as a potential tool in reducing CO: emissions. Full-scale measurements were carried out for 1 week on a 250 MW pulverized coal fired unit using 10-200/r straw (thermal basis) to test this theory. With an increased fraction of straw in the fuel, a net decrease in NO, and SOL emissions was measured. Only small amounts of deposit at the lower part of the radiant superheater and little slagging at the furnace walls were observed as a result of co-firing straw and coal. No significant effects on the performance of the desulfurization plant were detected. which may be due to the short test period, which probably did not permit the desulfurization process to reach steady-state operation.
97102023
Gasification
experience
with biomass
and wastes
I’TTTSyntp., 1996, lh4, (Power Production Schiffer, H.-P. and Adlhoch. W. from Biomass II with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD). 67-91. A study of the high-temperature Winkler (HTW) for gasification of Iowrank feedstocks. Results on feedstock preparation. gasification performance, corrosion, emission and residual matter are ohtained during tests of small and large scales. Different types of biomass were tested in bench scale, and industrial-scale at the gasification plant at Oulu, Finland. which operated from 198X-1991. producing ammonia synthesis gas from dried Finnish peat. Sewage sludge, loaded coke and used plastics were co-gasified at feeding rates of up to 5 t/h. Co-gasification in a dried lignite mixture allows synthesis gas for methanol production to he obtained from waste materials. Due to an increase in benzene and napthalene concentrations in the crude gas. a commercial application requires additional gas treatment.
97102024 BRAVO
GE-based
biomass
resource
assessment
with
1996, IO, (2-3). IO-109. Noon. C. E. and Daly, M. J. Biomass Rioerlera, A computer-based decision support system to assist the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in estimating the costs for supplying wood fuel to any one of its 12 coal-fired power plants has been developed. It is called the Biomass Resource Assessment Version One (BRAVO) system. In contrast to conventional fossil fuels, geographical proximity to supply is a main determining factor in the cost of wood fuel at a power plant. As a consequence, BRAVO is being developed within a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform. The GIS platform allows for the efficient analysis of transportation networks so that accurate estimates of hauling distances and costs can he determined. The system is designed to estimate the total purchase and transportation costs of three types of wood fuel under various levels of demand. This comprehensive system includes information on all possible wood fuel supply points, demand points and product movement costs. With this information, the system can estimate the total cost to supply a particular power plant with a desired quantity of wood fuel. Results from an analysis of nine TVA plants suggest that a plant-based approach to biomass resource assessment is crucial to determining the economic feasibility of co-firing.
97102026 products
Heating
value
of biomass
and biomass
pyrolysis
Raveendran, K. and Ganesh, A. Fuel. 1996. 75, (15) 1715-1720. The heating value of various of biomass components and their pyrolysis products such as char, liquids and gases were studied. It was found that the heating values of products are functions of the initial composition of biomass. Correlations are developed to express these. In addition, correlations are developed which explain the influence of ash elements cm heating values of the pyrolysis products and on percentage distribution of energy in the products.
97102026 continuous
Investigation of inhibitory factors in processors conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol
for
Report, 1996. (NYSERDA-96-5; Order N.Y. State Energ. Res. Dev. Auth. No. PB9h-190566). 72 pp. Avail. NTIS. From Gov. Rep. Announce. Index (U. S.) 1996, 96, (18), Abstr. 1%01,226. The producion of alternative fuels such as ethanol is of interest to New York State to increase economic activity and energy diversity in the transportation sector, where NYS depends on oil for 99% of fuel needs, Biomass, abundant in New York State, could provide the feedstock for an ethanol industry. This project attempted to reduce the cost of ethanol production from biomass by optimizing selected process steps and focussing on the use of thermophilic bacteria and upflow solids-retaining bioreactors. The project examined continuous hydrolysis and fermentation of first pretreated hardwood, and later paper sludge, to develop hardware and analysis techniques.
164
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
97102027 Long-time experience in catalytic flue gas cleaning and catalytic NO. reduction in biofueled boilers Ahonen. M. VTT Sytnp., 1996, 163, 95-l IO. Long-term experiences and suitability of a TiOz/VZOi-based catalyst for NO, reduction in biofuel-fired power plants were studied. The biofuel\ were peat, wood, and bark. Deactivation varied greatly due to the type of fuel and alkylation content of the fuel ash. Fuel and fly ash were analysed to gain more information on the flue gas properties. The accumulation of alkali and alkali earth metals and sulfates was examined, together with changes in the physical composition of the catalysts. In the cases where the deactivation was the greatest, the amount of alkali and alkali earth metals in fuels and fly ashes and their accumulation was very significant.
Overview power production
97102026
of biomass
and waste fuel resources
for
Easterly, J. L. and Buronham. M. B~oUlo.\.$ Riocrrer&~, 1996. IO. (Z-3). 7Y92. The issues and opportunities associated with the use of biomass for electrical power generation are presented. Important physical characteristics of biomass and waste fuels are summarized, including comparisons with conventional fossil fuels, primarily coal. The current use of biomassand waste-derived fuels for electrical power generation is also discussed. The authors also address the perspectives on the future availability of biomass fuels (including energy crops). as well as projected levels of market penetration for biomass power.
Pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of biomass and copyrolysis of biomass and coal Li, W. et ul. Rmliao Huuxue Xurh~m. 1996. 24, (4). 341-347. (In Chinese)
97102029
The technique of non-isothermal thermogravimetry in a pressurized thermobalance has been implemented to examine the pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of biomass (sawdust and rice husk). The effect of the heating rate (5-25 Kimin) and pressures (0.1-7 MPa) were analysed and the kinetic parameters were also determined. In addition. the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal in Nz atmosphere was studied.
97102030 Risk in bioenergy crops: ameliorating risk by using biotechnology and phytochemistry McCown, B. H. ef al. ACS .Sjmp. Ser.. 199h. 647, 220-228.
biological
The use of biotechnology and phytochemistry for amelioration of biological risk in bioenergy crops. Poplar plantations as a biofuel and pest-resistant poplars are described. By engineering poplars with BT genes, pest-resistant selections have been created. However, the deployment of these trees in plantations without incurring the additional risk of the catastrophic emergence of pest populations resistant to the engineered controls must be solved. Stacking engineered BT with native phytochemistry controls already existing in poplar selections offers one attractive approach. The complexity of the biology requires the intelligent planning of the use of varied control mechanisms in plantations to provide sustainable hiofuel sources.
97/02031 The role of forest global carbon cycle
and bioenergy
strategies
in the
Schlamadinger, B. and Marland. G. Biomass Rimwqy, 1996, IO, (516). 275-300. The prospect of reduced atmospheric CO? emissions is offered by forest and bioenergy strategies. Such strategies can affect the net atmospheric C flux through four mechanisms: C storage in the biosphere; C storage in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil fuel use; and use of wood products which often displaces other products requiring more fossil fuel for their production. The mathematical model, GORCAM (GraziOak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model), was used to examine these mechanisms for IO land use scenarios. 97102032
optimization:
A simple rule for bioenergy conversion plant size Bioethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum
Nguyen, M. H. and Prince, R. G. H. Biomass Bioem~~, 1996, 10, (516). 361-365. The authors consider ways to reduce ethanol costs by using mixed crops to extend the processing season and by optimizing plant capacity. A simple model of general applicability is derived by balancing crop transport costs (which increase with plant size) against the (decreasing) production costs. The model is equally applicable to any other bioenergy conversion plant which requires biomass to be transported from surrounding areas. The model also shows quantatively how more efficient transport allows larger scale production, while lower production costs make smaller plants more economical.
97102033 energy
Spatial
and temporal
effects
in drying
biomass
for
Liang, T. er al. Biomass Bi omergy, 1996, IO. (S/h), 353-360. This study evaluates the impact of the moisture content of biomass on thermal efficiency and relative boiler size which directly represent the economic merits of biomass drying. A model for predicting the moisture content of bundled leucaena (Leucocephala) trees under open environment was validated for tropical Hawaii. The results indicated spatial and temporal effects on the value of biomass were important factors for various sites in the study area. The methods for quantifying the merit of biomass moisture management are proposed in this paper.
Alternative
97102021
energy sources (bioconversion
Finnish
bioenergy
research
energy)
program
VTT Symp., 1996, 164, (Power Production from Biomass II Asplund, D. with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD), 253-261. The Finnish bioenergy research programme includes the production of wood fuel, peat production, use of hioenergy and biomass conversion. In addition, it includes projects for fuel production from energy crops and utilization of the energy content of sludge and solid waste.
97102022
Full-scale
co-firing
of straw and coal
Pedersen, L. S. cl al. Fuel, 1996. 75, (13), 1584-1590. The Danish utilities have been considering the co-firing of hiofuels and coal in power plants as a potential tool in reducing CO: emissions. Full-scale measurements were carried out for 1 week on a 250 MW pulverized coal fired unit using 10-200/r straw (thermal basis) to test this theory. With an increased fraction of straw in the fuel, a net decrease in NO, and SOL emissions was measured. Only small amounts of deposit at the lower part of the radiant superheater and little slagging at the furnace walls were observed as a result of co-firing straw and coal. No significant effects on the performance of the desulfurization plant were detected. which may be due to the short test period, which probably did not permit the desulfurization process to reach steady-state operation.
97102023
Gasification
experience
with biomass
and wastes
I’TTTSyntp., 1996, lh4, (Power Production Schiffer, H.-P. and Adlhoch. W. from Biomass II with Special Emphasis on Gasification and Pyrolysis R&DD). 67-91. A study of the high-temperature Winkler (HTW) for gasification of Iowrank feedstocks. Results on feedstock preparation. gasification performance, corrosion, emission and residual matter are ohtained during tests of small and large scales. Different types of biomass were tested in bench scale, and industrial-scale at the gasification plant at Oulu, Finland. which operated from 198X-1991. producing ammonia synthesis gas from dried Finnish peat. Sewage sludge, loaded coke and used plastics were co-gasified at feeding rates of up to 5 t/h. Co-gasification in a dried lignite mixture allows synthesis gas for methanol production to he obtained from waste materials. Due to an increase in benzene and napthalene concentrations in the crude gas. a commercial application requires additional gas treatment.
97102024 BRAVO
GE-based
biomass
resource
assessment
with
1996, IO, (2-3). IO-109. Noon. C. E. and Daly, M. J. Biomass Rioerlera, A computer-based decision support system to assist the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in estimating the costs for supplying wood fuel to any one of its 12 coal-fired power plants has been developed. It is called the Biomass Resource Assessment Version One (BRAVO) system. In contrast to conventional fossil fuels, geographical proximity to supply is a main determining factor in the cost of wood fuel at a power plant. As a consequence, BRAVO is being developed within a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform. The GIS platform allows for the efficient analysis of transportation networks so that accurate estimates of hauling distances and costs can he determined. The system is designed to estimate the total purchase and transportation costs of three types of wood fuel under various levels of demand. This comprehensive system includes information on all possible wood fuel supply points, demand points and product movement costs. With this information, the system can estimate the total cost to supply a particular power plant with a desired quantity of wood fuel. Results from an analysis of nine TVA plants suggest that a plant-based approach to biomass resource assessment is crucial to determining the economic feasibility of co-firing.
97102026 products
Heating
value
of biomass
and biomass
pyrolysis
Raveendran, K. and Ganesh, A. Fuel. 1996. 75, (15) 1715-1720. The heating value of various of biomass components and their pyrolysis products such as char, liquids and gases were studied. It was found that the heating values of products are functions of the initial composition of biomass. Correlations are developed to express these. In addition, correlations are developed which explain the influence of ash elements cm heating values of the pyrolysis products and on percentage distribution of energy in the products.
97102026 continuous
Investigation of inhibitory factors in processors conversion of cellulosic biomass to ethanol
for
Report, 1996. (NYSERDA-96-5; Order N.Y. State Energ. Res. Dev. Auth. No. PB9h-190566). 72 pp. Avail. NTIS. From Gov. Rep. Announce. Index (U. S.) 1996, 96, (18), Abstr. 1%01,226. The producion of alternative fuels such as ethanol is of interest to New York State to increase economic activity and energy diversity in the transportation sector, where NYS depends on oil for 99% of fuel needs, Biomass, abundant in New York State, could provide the feedstock for an ethanol industry. This project attempted to reduce the cost of ethanol production from biomass by optimizing selected process steps and focussing on the use of thermophilic bacteria and upflow solids-retaining bioreactors. The project examined continuous hydrolysis and fermentation of first pretreated hardwood, and later paper sludge, to develop hardware and analysis techniques.
164
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
97102027 Long-time experience in catalytic flue gas cleaning and catalytic NO. reduction in biofueled boilers Ahonen. M. VTT Sytnp., 1996, 163, 95-l IO. Long-term experiences and suitability of a TiOz/VZOi-based catalyst for NO, reduction in biofuel-fired power plants were studied. The biofuel\ were peat, wood, and bark. Deactivation varied greatly due to the type of fuel and alkylation content of the fuel ash. Fuel and fly ash were analysed to gain more information on the flue gas properties. The accumulation of alkali and alkali earth metals and sulfates was examined, together with changes in the physical composition of the catalysts. In the cases where the deactivation was the greatest, the amount of alkali and alkali earth metals in fuels and fly ashes and their accumulation was very significant.
Overview power production
97102026
of biomass
and waste fuel resources
for
Easterly, J. L. and Buronham. M. B~oUlo.\.$ Riocrrer&~, 1996. IO. (Z-3). 7Y92. The issues and opportunities associated with the use of biomass for electrical power generation are presented. Important physical characteristics of biomass and waste fuels are summarized, including comparisons with conventional fossil fuels, primarily coal. The current use of biomassand waste-derived fuels for electrical power generation is also discussed. The authors also address the perspectives on the future availability of biomass fuels (including energy crops). as well as projected levels of market penetration for biomass power.
Pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of biomass and copyrolysis of biomass and coal Li, W. et ul. Rmliao Huuxue Xurh~m. 1996. 24, (4). 341-347. (In Chinese)
97102029
The technique of non-isothermal thermogravimetry in a pressurized thermobalance has been implemented to examine the pyrolysis and hydropyrolysis of biomass (sawdust and rice husk). The effect of the heating rate (5-25 Kimin) and pressures (0.1-7 MPa) were analysed and the kinetic parameters were also determined. In addition. the co-pyrolysis of biomass and coal in Nz atmosphere was studied.
97102030 Risk in bioenergy crops: ameliorating risk by using biotechnology and phytochemistry McCown, B. H. ef al. ACS .Sjmp. Ser.. 199h. 647, 220-228.
biological
The use of biotechnology and phytochemistry for amelioration of biological risk in bioenergy crops. Poplar plantations as a biofuel and pest-resistant poplars are described. By engineering poplars with BT genes, pest-resistant selections have been created. However, the deployment of these trees in plantations without incurring the additional risk of the catastrophic emergence of pest populations resistant to the engineered controls must be solved. Stacking engineered BT with native phytochemistry controls already existing in poplar selections offers one attractive approach. The complexity of the biology requires the intelligent planning of the use of varied control mechanisms in plantations to provide sustainable hiofuel sources.
97/02031 The role of forest global carbon cycle
and bioenergy
strategies
in the
Schlamadinger, B. and Marland. G. Biomass Rimwqy, 1996, IO, (516). 275-300. The prospect of reduced atmospheric CO? emissions is offered by forest and bioenergy strategies. Such strategies can affect the net atmospheric C flux through four mechanisms: C storage in the biosphere; C storage in forest products; use of biofuels to displace fossil fuel use; and use of wood products which often displaces other products requiring more fossil fuel for their production. The mathematical model, GORCAM (GraziOak Ridge Carbon Accounting Model), was used to examine these mechanisms for IO land use scenarios. 97102032
optimization:
A simple rule for bioenergy conversion plant size Bioethanol from sugar cane and sweet sorghum
Nguyen, M. H. and Prince, R. G. H. Biomass Bioem~~, 1996, 10, (516). 361-365. The authors consider ways to reduce ethanol costs by using mixed crops to extend the processing season and by optimizing plant capacity. A simple model of general applicability is derived by balancing crop transport costs (which increase with plant size) against the (decreasing) production costs. The model is equally applicable to any other bioenergy conversion plant which requires biomass to be transported from surrounding areas. The model also shows quantatively how more efficient transport allows larger scale production, while lower production costs make smaller plants more economical.
97102033 energy
Spatial
and temporal
effects
in drying
biomass
for
Liang, T. er al. Biomass Bi omergy, 1996, IO. (S/h), 353-360. This study evaluates the impact of the moisture content of biomass on thermal efficiency and relative boiler size which directly represent the economic merits of biomass drying. A model for predicting the moisture content of bundled leucaena (Leucocephala) trees under open environment was validated for tropical Hawaii. The results indicated spatial and temporal effects on the value of biomass were important factors for various sites in the study area. The methods for quantifying the merit of biomass moisture management are proposed in this paper.