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02054 Optimisation of CdS-TCO bilayers for their application as windows in photovoltaic solar cells
07
Alternative
97102045 discharge
energy sources (solar energy)
The correlation between the number of fins and the time for a finned heat pipe latent heat storage system B. el ol. Renewable Enerp, 1996. 9, (I-4, Renewable Energy,
Horbaniuc. Energy Efficiency and the Environment, 2), 605-608. The paper presents the concept of a solar energy heat pipe latent heat storage system. In order to assure large charging and discharging rates, finned heat pipes are used to transfer heat to and from the phase-change material (paraffin in this case). The evolution of the solid-liquid interface is studied by considering the radial heat transfer (due to the heat pipe wall) and the angular one (due to the fin). Two mathematical models are presented and the results are compared.
The design of an evaporator/absorber and thermo97102046 dynamic analysis of a vapor absorption chiller driven by solar energy
97102053 Modelling of material properties influence junction thin polycrystalline silicon solar cells
on back
Dugas, J. Solar Energy Material.7 and Solar Celir, 43. (2), lY3-2112. A three-dimensional model taking into account grain size, grain boundary recombination, volumic recombination, and surface recombination, has been used to examine the influence of polycrystalline silicon properties on the performances of thin back junction solar cells. The drastic influence of front surface recombination has been confirmed. The grain size was of minor importance provided it is not too small and the grain boundaries are correctly passivated. Furthermore, a smaller optimal base thickness has been determined which makes the material more imperfect. 97102054 Optimisation of CdS-TCO bilayers tion as windows in photovoltaic solar cells
for their applica-
Oter~)‘, IYY6, 9, (l-4, Renewable Energy, Bell, 1. A. et al. Rerwwabk and the Environment, 2), 6.57-660. Energy Efficiency Deta% are given-of the development of an experimental absorption cooling system driven by the heat generated by the solar energy collection system installed at Coventry University. The proposed absorption cooling system comprises an evaporator/absorber cell and a generator/condenser cell. A thermodynamic analysis of the absorption cooling cycle was performed to study the effect of various operating conditions on the thermal performance. This paper presents the design of the evaporator/absorber cell and the results of the thermodynamic analysis.
Martinez, M. A. et al. Solar Energy Materia1.q and Solar cell\, 1996, 43, (3), 297-310. The optoelectronic. morphological and structural properties of CdS-TCO bilayers were studied with regard to the influence of CdS thickness and TCO deposition condition. CdS was deposited by chemical bath, whereas the TCOs (IT0 and aluminium-doped ZnO) were prepared by rfmagnetron sputtering. Cadmium sulphide thicknesses below 0.1 m have been found to be optimal for avoiding optical absorption losses and conductivity deterioration. Additionally, IO and 70 minutes air-annealing treatments at 200-C have heen carried out. Shorter ones were proved to be more suitable for enhancing crystalline structure maintaining unchanged electro-optical characteristics.
Development of a solar cooking/cooling unit with a 97102047 thermochemical energy store based on metal hydrides
97102055 photovoltaic
Steiner, D. et al. Hydrogm Energy frog. Xl, Proc. World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Ilth, 1996, 2. 2005-2010 Edited by Veziroglu, T. N. International Association for Hydrogen Energy: Coral Gables, Fla. This paper describes the development of a solar driven cooking/cooling unit with a metal hydride thermal energy store. Its main components are a fixedfocus concentrator, a cooking and a cooling device. The design of the system and results of laboratory testing are presented.
Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene 97102048 acetate copolymer as a pottant: a critical review
vinyl
Czanderna, A. W. and Pern. F. J. Solar Energy Matcriak and Solar Cells, 1996,43, (2). 101-181. This work principally aims to review the literature about what is and is not known about using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as the encapsulant (or pottant) material in photovoltaic (PV) modules. In addition to this, its intentions include elucidating the complexity of the encapsulation problem, providing an overview about encapsulation of PV cells and modules, providing a historical overview of the relevant research and development on EVA. summarizing performance losses reported for PV systems deployed since circa 1981, and summarizing the general problems of polymer stability in a solar environment. The authors also critically review certain aspects of reported work.
97102049
Entropy
production
in photovoltaic
conversion
Luque, A. and Marti, A. l’llys. Rev. B: Condem. Mutter, l9Y7, 55, (1 I), 6994-6999, American Physical Society. It has recently been experimentally proved that it is possible to generate more than one electron-hole per photon in solar cells. A number of modeling works have been carried out to appraise the theoretical potential of cells with high quantum efficiency. In some of them violations of the thermodynamic principles have occurred. This paper develops a procedure to test the thermodynamic coherence of ideal models and this procedure applied to the most convincing model so far presented, proving that it is thermodynamically coherent.
97102050 lands
A greenhouse
for the subtropical
Australian
high-
Amos, R. N. et al. Solar Progres.e, 1996. 17, (4), 25-27. In response to a need for an economical way to heat greenhouses in the subtropical Australian highlands, solar enegy was employed to provide winter heating requirements.
97102051 mitigation
High-temperature solar thermochemistry in the extractive metallurgical industry A Energy (Oxford), 1997, 22(2/3), 31 l-316.
for CO9
Steinfeld, COz emissicins can be substantially reduced by combining the reduction of metal oxides with the reforming of natural gas and by replacing fossil fuels with solar energy as the source of process heat.
Minority carrier controlled PEC solar cells, using n97102052 Si electrodes modified with LB layers of ultrafine Pt particles Yae, S. et al. Solar Energy Material.7 and Solar Cells, 1996, 43, (3), 31 l-318. An investigation into the open-circuit photovoltages (V,,,s) of photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells, equipped with n-Si electrodes modified with ultrafine platinum (Pt) particles. They were examined as functions of the P&particle density and the post-heat-treatment temperature. The results of the study are reported.
166
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
Optimization regenerative
of parameters solar cell
of an electrochemical
Rousar, 1. et al. Solar Energs Material.~ and Solar wll.v, lYY6, 43. (3), 24Y262. A study of the optimization of physical and geometrical parameters of an electrochemical photovoltaic regenerative solar cell with current leads located on opposite sides of a cell unit. The paper gives the equation for maximal output in watts per total unit surface area and discusses the optimization of the output on the ratio of the active surface to the total surface of the cell. A construction of a cell with line current collectors was described.
97102056 performance
Solar assisted open-cycle of collector/regenerators
absorption
cooling:
Hawlader. M. N. A. International Journal of Energy Re.seurch, 1097. 2 I. (6). 549-574. Under identical environmental conditions, a side-by-side test w&s performed on a glazed and an unglazed collector/regenerator. In contrast to previous experiments, the inlet solution state was maintained constant during the period of testing. In addition, for the glazed C/R, local solution film temperatures as well as entrance and exit air dry and wet bulb temperatures were measured. With the use of experimental data, empirical correlations were developed for heat and mass transfer coefficients in terms of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. These correlations were used in the simulation study to identify important variables affecting the performance of each collector/regenerator. It was found that the unglazed C/R performed better than the glazed C/R for the conditions considered in this study. The glazing helped to maintain cleaner absorbent solution and reduced waste due to rain.
97102057 A solar-drive, complex catalyzed pyridine as alternative for a thermally-driven synthesis
synthesis
Oehme, G. et al. Energy, 1997. 22, (2/3), 327-336. Light accelerates the cocyclization of ethyne and nitriles to 2-suhstituted pyridines by means of cobalt complexes as catalysts. Different types of pyridines were subjected to this form of synthesis. Results revealed that water can be used as a medium for the reaction, which opens the way for experiments using a commercial solar plant. The potential advantage of the proposed solar chemical system is a favourable energy balance.
97102058
Solar ‘BB-Energy
for life
Parker, B. Solar Progress, 1996, 17, (4), 9-l I. Reviews the topics discussed at the Australia Energy Society’s annual meeting at Darwin.
97102059 Solar preheating power station
and
New
Zealand
Solar
for the saving of fuel in fossil-fired
Bopp, P. et al. Brennst.-Waerme-Kraft, 1996, 48, (6). 26-32. (In German) The authors calculated the annual energy yield and the fuel savings that would result from the integration of a solar plant in fossil-fired power plants for feedwater. The bleeder steam reduced by the preheating expands in the turbine and increases turbine efficiency. The solar support was suitable for fuel saving and generation of peak load.
97102060 A solar thermochemical power plant using ammonia as an attractive option for greenhouse-gas abatement Luzzi. A. and Lovegrove, K. Energy, 1997, 22, (2/3), 317-325. It is often suggested that the mass utilization of solar energy is hindered hy the lack of effective means for energy storage and transport. The Australian National University’s (ANU) development of large paraboloidal solar collectors and a thermochemical heat-pipe transport concept could be
Alternative
97102045 discharge
energy sources (solar energy)
The correlation between the number of fins and the time for a finned heat pipe latent heat storage system B. el ol. Renewable Enerp, 1996. 9, (I-4, Renewable Energy,
Horbaniuc. Energy Efficiency and the Environment, 2), 605-608. The paper presents the concept of a solar energy heat pipe latent heat storage system. In order to assure large charging and discharging rates, finned heat pipes are used to transfer heat to and from the phase-change material (paraffin in this case). The evolution of the solid-liquid interface is studied by considering the radial heat transfer (due to the heat pipe wall) and the angular one (due to the fin). Two mathematical models are presented and the results are compared.
The design of an evaporator/absorber and thermo97102046 dynamic analysis of a vapor absorption chiller driven by solar energy
97102053 Modelling of material properties influence junction thin polycrystalline silicon solar cells
on back
Dugas, J. Solar Energy Material.7 and Solar Celir, 43. (2), lY3-2112. A three-dimensional model taking into account grain size, grain boundary recombination, volumic recombination, and surface recombination, has been used to examine the influence of polycrystalline silicon properties on the performances of thin back junction solar cells. The drastic influence of front surface recombination has been confirmed. The grain size was of minor importance provided it is not too small and the grain boundaries are correctly passivated. Furthermore, a smaller optimal base thickness has been determined which makes the material more imperfect. 97102054 Optimisation of CdS-TCO bilayers tion as windows in photovoltaic solar cells
for their applica-
Oter~)‘, IYY6, 9, (l-4, Renewable Energy, Bell, 1. A. et al. Rerwwabk and the Environment, 2), 6.57-660. Energy Efficiency Deta% are given-of the development of an experimental absorption cooling system driven by the heat generated by the solar energy collection system installed at Coventry University. The proposed absorption cooling system comprises an evaporator/absorber cell and a generator/condenser cell. A thermodynamic analysis of the absorption cooling cycle was performed to study the effect of various operating conditions on the thermal performance. This paper presents the design of the evaporator/absorber cell and the results of the thermodynamic analysis.
Martinez, M. A. et al. Solar Energy Materia1.q and Solar cell\, 1996, 43, (3), 297-310. The optoelectronic. morphological and structural properties of CdS-TCO bilayers were studied with regard to the influence of CdS thickness and TCO deposition condition. CdS was deposited by chemical bath, whereas the TCOs (IT0 and aluminium-doped ZnO) were prepared by rfmagnetron sputtering. Cadmium sulphide thicknesses below 0.1 m have been found to be optimal for avoiding optical absorption losses and conductivity deterioration. Additionally, IO and 70 minutes air-annealing treatments at 200-C have heen carried out. Shorter ones were proved to be more suitable for enhancing crystalline structure maintaining unchanged electro-optical characteristics.
Development of a solar cooking/cooling unit with a 97102047 thermochemical energy store based on metal hydrides
97102055 photovoltaic
Steiner, D. et al. Hydrogm Energy frog. Xl, Proc. World Hydrogen Energy Conf., Ilth, 1996, 2. 2005-2010 Edited by Veziroglu, T. N. International Association for Hydrogen Energy: Coral Gables, Fla. This paper describes the development of a solar driven cooking/cooling unit with a metal hydride thermal energy store. Its main components are a fixedfocus concentrator, a cooking and a cooling device. The design of the system and results of laboratory testing are presented.
Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene 97102048 acetate copolymer as a pottant: a critical review
vinyl
Czanderna, A. W. and Pern. F. J. Solar Energy Matcriak and Solar Cells, 1996,43, (2). 101-181. This work principally aims to review the literature about what is and is not known about using ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as the encapsulant (or pottant) material in photovoltaic (PV) modules. In addition to this, its intentions include elucidating the complexity of the encapsulation problem, providing an overview about encapsulation of PV cells and modules, providing a historical overview of the relevant research and development on EVA. summarizing performance losses reported for PV systems deployed since circa 1981, and summarizing the general problems of polymer stability in a solar environment. The authors also critically review certain aspects of reported work.
97102049
Entropy
production
in photovoltaic
conversion
Luque, A. and Marti, A. l’llys. Rev. B: Condem. Mutter, l9Y7, 55, (1 I), 6994-6999, American Physical Society. It has recently been experimentally proved that it is possible to generate more than one electron-hole per photon in solar cells. A number of modeling works have been carried out to appraise the theoretical potential of cells with high quantum efficiency. In some of them violations of the thermodynamic principles have occurred. This paper develops a procedure to test the thermodynamic coherence of ideal models and this procedure applied to the most convincing model so far presented, proving that it is thermodynamically coherent.
97102050 lands
A greenhouse
for the subtropical
Australian
high-
Amos, R. N. et al. Solar Progres.e, 1996. 17, (4), 25-27. In response to a need for an economical way to heat greenhouses in the subtropical Australian highlands, solar enegy was employed to provide winter heating requirements.
97102051 mitigation
High-temperature solar thermochemistry in the extractive metallurgical industry A Energy (Oxford), 1997, 22(2/3), 31 l-316.
for CO9
Steinfeld, COz emissicins can be substantially reduced by combining the reduction of metal oxides with the reforming of natural gas and by replacing fossil fuels with solar energy as the source of process heat.
Minority carrier controlled PEC solar cells, using n97102052 Si electrodes modified with LB layers of ultrafine Pt particles Yae, S. et al. Solar Energy Material.7 and Solar Cells, 1996, 43, (3), 31 l-318. An investigation into the open-circuit photovoltages (V,,,s) of photoelectrochemical (PEC) solar cells, equipped with n-Si electrodes modified with ultrafine platinum (Pt) particles. They were examined as functions of the P&particle density and the post-heat-treatment temperature. The results of the study are reported.
166
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
Optimization regenerative
of parameters solar cell
of an electrochemical
Rousar, 1. et al. Solar Energs Material.~ and Solar wll.v, lYY6, 43. (3), 24Y262. A study of the optimization of physical and geometrical parameters of an electrochemical photovoltaic regenerative solar cell with current leads located on opposite sides of a cell unit. The paper gives the equation for maximal output in watts per total unit surface area and discusses the optimization of the output on the ratio of the active surface to the total surface of the cell. A construction of a cell with line current collectors was described.
97102056 performance
Solar assisted open-cycle of collector/regenerators
absorption
cooling:
Hawlader. M. N. A. International Journal of Energy Re.seurch, 1097. 2 I. (6). 549-574. Under identical environmental conditions, a side-by-side test w&s performed on a glazed and an unglazed collector/regenerator. In contrast to previous experiments, the inlet solution state was maintained constant during the period of testing. In addition, for the glazed C/R, local solution film temperatures as well as entrance and exit air dry and wet bulb temperatures were measured. With the use of experimental data, empirical correlations were developed for heat and mass transfer coefficients in terms of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. These correlations were used in the simulation study to identify important variables affecting the performance of each collector/regenerator. It was found that the unglazed C/R performed better than the glazed C/R for the conditions considered in this study. The glazing helped to maintain cleaner absorbent solution and reduced waste due to rain.
97102057 A solar-drive, complex catalyzed pyridine as alternative for a thermally-driven synthesis
synthesis
Oehme, G. et al. Energy, 1997. 22, (2/3), 327-336. Light accelerates the cocyclization of ethyne and nitriles to 2-suhstituted pyridines by means of cobalt complexes as catalysts. Different types of pyridines were subjected to this form of synthesis. Results revealed that water can be used as a medium for the reaction, which opens the way for experiments using a commercial solar plant. The potential advantage of the proposed solar chemical system is a favourable energy balance.
97102058
Solar ‘BB-Energy
for life
Parker, B. Solar Progress, 1996, 17, (4), 9-l I. Reviews the topics discussed at the Australia Energy Society’s annual meeting at Darwin.
97102059 Solar preheating power station
and
New
Zealand
Solar
for the saving of fuel in fossil-fired
Bopp, P. et al. Brennst.-Waerme-Kraft, 1996, 48, (6). 26-32. (In German) The authors calculated the annual energy yield and the fuel savings that would result from the integration of a solar plant in fossil-fired power plants for feedwater. The bleeder steam reduced by the preheating expands in the turbine and increases turbine efficiency. The solar support was suitable for fuel saving and generation of peak load.
97102060 A solar thermochemical power plant using ammonia as an attractive option for greenhouse-gas abatement Luzzi. A. and Lovegrove, K. Energy, 1997, 22, (2/3), 317-325. It is often suggested that the mass utilization of solar energy is hindered hy the lack of effective means for energy storage and transport. The Australian National University’s (ANU) development of large paraboloidal solar collectors and a thermochemical heat-pipe transport concept could be