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02380 Respirable dust characterization in an Indian open-cast coal mine
15
Recultivation of a tailings dump from brown coal 97102376 open-pit mining Toth. S. ef ul. Agrokem. Tdaltan, 1995, 44, (X-4). 552-556. (In Hungarian) Reclamation of a tailings dump when inner area was seeded with crops and the outer area reforested is discussed.
Recultivation of mining waste dumps in the Ruhr 97102377 area, Germany Schulz, D. Water. A/r; Soil Pollctr., 1996, 91, (l/2)+ 89-98. Over 41 million tons of coal and 19.1 million rn. of mining waste were produced in 19Y3 by Ruhrkohle AG. Of this, 0.7 million m’ were used underground as stowing material, 4.7 million m3 was used commercially, while the remaining 13.7 million rn’ required dumping. Efforts related to the use and disposal of the material dumped up to now are concentrating on applying technical methods to reduce the production of waste underground, on opening up new markets of this material, on utilization of mining waste as a building material. and on low-environmental-impact dumping.
Reduction catalysts for nitrogen oxides removal 97102378 from boiler flue gases Iida. K. er (I/. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,196,904 ]96.196,904] (Cl. BOlJ23130). 6 Aug lYY6. Appl. 9517,986, 23 Jan 1995: 4 pp. (In Japanese)
Regularities of distribution of some toxic elements 97102379 of the coals of East Siberia Vyazova, N. G. and Kryukova, V. N. Khim. Tre).cI. Topl. (Moscow), 1996, (3). 101-106 (In Russian) Spectral analysis and calorimetry were used to study the content and fractional distribution of toxic elements (e.g. As, F, Ph. Hg, Be. and Cd) in SO0 coal samples from eight coal fields of East Siberia. Respirable dust characterization in an lndlan open97102380 cast coal mine Sinha, S. and Baneijee, S. P. App,pl. Occ~rp. Ef~viron. Hyg.. 1996, II, (7) 771-776. The authors report a study carried out in the Muraidih Open-cast Project of Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (Dhanbad, Bihar, India) to characterize the airborne road-haul dust. The percentage of suspended particulate matter at the various size ranges and the free silica content of each of the size ranges of road-haul dust were determined. Concentrations of nine trace elements in the road-haul dust and the benzene-soluble fractions of suspended particulate matter at the various stations of the mine during all four seasons in lYY2-1993 were also determined. Enrichment factors were determined and varimax rotated factor analysis was done to get an idea about the source of the various trace elements.
Results of performance and emission testing when 97102381 co-firing blends of dRDF/coal in a 440 MWe cyclone fired combustor Ohlsson, 0. 0. A/uv~are Fuels IV Cortf., Proc., 4fh, 1994, 39-52. An improved method to convert residential, commercial, and institutional refuse into an environmentally safe, economical fuel has been developed by the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners, Argonne National Laboratory and the University of North Texas. Recyclable metals, glass, and some plastic products are separated from the refuse, while the remaining fraction (consisting primarily of cellulosic materials) is then combined with Ca(OH): binding additive and formed into cylindrical pellets. The pellets are dense and odourless and can be stored for extended periods without biological or chemical degradation. Due to their increased bulk density, they are more durable and can be more easily conveyed, handled, and transported compared to other types of waste-derived fuel pellets. Laboratory-, pilot-, and full-scale combustion tests showed that binderenhanced densified refuse-derived fuel pellets can be successfully co-fired with high S coal in a spreader-stoker combustor. Combustion tests showed significant reductions of SO:, NO,, and CO2 in flue gases, and reduction of heavy metals and organics in ash. Cyclone-fired combustion tests, flue gas emissions, and analysis of collected ash samples are reported. Results of underground mine studies to assess 97102382 diesel particulate exposures and control technologies Tomb, T. F. and Haney, R. A. Trans. Sot. min., Metull., Explor., 1995, (Pub. 1996) 298, 276-279iSection 1. In order to obtain information on occupational exposures to diesel particulate (DP), mine environmental DP levels and on the effectiveness of methodologies for controlling DP. studies were conducted in underground mining operations. They were representative of four coal mines and IO metal mines. Three of the four coal mines were using disposable diesel exhaust filters to remove particulate from the exhaust and one was using a reusable wire mesh filter. Results of these studies indicate that average DP levels in coal mines not using exhaust filters range from 0.9 to 2.1 mg/m”. The use of exhaust filtration devices reduced these levels by about 50% to 90%.
Eflvifonment (pollution, health protection, safety)
The role of ferrous sulfate in coal dust induced lung 97102383 injury Chen, L. C. et al. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg, 1996, 1 I, (7). 973-979. Pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumonopathy have been shown to be the result of coal-dust inhalation, but the active compounds responsible for these diseases have not yet heen identified. The authors postulate that coal-dust-induced lung injury could be related to exposures of coal workers to aerosols capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung. In this study. the authors investigated whether coal dust could produce ROS in aqueous medium and the biological significance of ROS production. The results obtained clearly indicate that FeS04 enrichment enhances the pulmonary response of guinea pigs to coaldust exposure. Selected worldwide coal activities of the US Geo97102384 logical Survey, with emphasis on their environmental applications SanFilipo, J. R. and Warwick, P. D. Proc. Annu. Inr. Pirrshurgh Coal Conf:, 1995, 12, 526-532. This review describes the participation of the USGS in international coal studies in recent years. Most of these studies have been commodity related, focusing on coal resource assessments in nations with acute energy shortages and coal quality studies in areas where development has had recognizable environmental impact. Selection of the best desalination technology for 97lQ2385 highly saline drainage water from coal mines in southern Poland Kurbiel, J. ef al. Desalination. 1996, 106, (l-3. Desalination and Water Reuse), 415-418. The discharge of highly saline drainage water to the surface waters is an ecological hazard present in black coal excavation from most coal mines in Poland. Various technologies were considered during 1990-1992 in order to find a viable solution. Technical requirements, presented in this paper, led to the choice of technology of thermal desalination with the carnallite method. Advantages of this method have been presented including the low salinity of treated water and the possibility of practical application of the process by-products as substrate for the chemical industry. The authors discuss the possible risk associated with this method such as negative impact of energy production (for purposes of desalination) on the natural environment or surpassing of desalination by-products. Selective spoil placement for the prevention of acid 97102386 mine drainage formation Michaud, L. H. Trans. Sot. Min., Medl.. Explor., 1995. (Pub. 1996), 298. 272-275Section 1. The proposed site for extended surface coal mining in Pennsylvania contains pyritic material, but results of site acid-hase accounting showed an overall neutralization potential to maximum potential acidity ratio (NP:MPA) of 4.26:1 for the entire site. However, the pyritic material is associated with the lower of the three seams to he mined. Using traditional dragline-mining methods acidic material would be placed at the top of spoil piles, exposing it to air and water, and thus to formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Further concerns are associated with the fact that alkali material is not distributed evenly over the mine site. To prevent AMD formation, the company proposed to mine the area using truck-shovel mining methods. This technique offers a more flexible alternative for cut sequencing and for selective placement of waste material. Working with the Department of Mineral Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, a site mine plan was developed. This plan results in layering of alkali and acidic spoil to achieve an overall net alkylation in all spoil areas. Therefore. mining this site should not result in AMD formation. 97102387 Selenium sampling and analysis in coal combustion systems Devito, M. S. and Carlson, R. J. Proc. Annu. Im. Pittsburgh Cool Cotzf., 1995, 12, 979-984.
One-hundred-and-eighty-nine elements and compounds that are classified by the US EPA as air toxics were identified by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. These include I I inorganic trace elements found in coal. The US EPA developed and validated a sampling train (Method 29) for the measurement of these trace elements in flue gas from municipal waste combustors. This method has also been used in several trace element sampling programmes conducted at coal-fired utilities. This presentation addresses the difficulties experienced in measuring selenium (Se) at such facilities. The US DOE conducted a lltility Air Toxics Assessment programme consisting of measurements and material balance studies at eight coal-fired power plants. Results from this programme to date are discussed. A simultaneous SO, and NO, removal system for 97lO2388 burning all grades of coal. Frank, N. W. and Maezawa, A. Proc. Anmr. Int. Pitfshtrrgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 628-638. Flue gas treatment by electron beam irradiation is reported. The recent improvements to the system and results of recent testing are discussed, to illustrate how it can be utilized with coal-based fuels to comply with Clean Air Act amendments and other regulations.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
189
Recultivation of a tailings dump from brown coal 97102376 open-pit mining Toth. S. ef ul. Agrokem. Tdaltan, 1995, 44, (X-4). 552-556. (In Hungarian) Reclamation of a tailings dump when inner area was seeded with crops and the outer area reforested is discussed.
Recultivation of mining waste dumps in the Ruhr 97102377 area, Germany Schulz, D. Water. A/r; Soil Pollctr., 1996, 91, (l/2)+ 89-98. Over 41 million tons of coal and 19.1 million rn. of mining waste were produced in 19Y3 by Ruhrkohle AG. Of this, 0.7 million m’ were used underground as stowing material, 4.7 million m3 was used commercially, while the remaining 13.7 million rn’ required dumping. Efforts related to the use and disposal of the material dumped up to now are concentrating on applying technical methods to reduce the production of waste underground, on opening up new markets of this material, on utilization of mining waste as a building material. and on low-environmental-impact dumping.
Reduction catalysts for nitrogen oxides removal 97102378 from boiler flue gases Iida. K. er (I/. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,196,904 ]96.196,904] (Cl. BOlJ23130). 6 Aug lYY6. Appl. 9517,986, 23 Jan 1995: 4 pp. (In Japanese)
Regularities of distribution of some toxic elements 97102379 of the coals of East Siberia Vyazova, N. G. and Kryukova, V. N. Khim. Tre).cI. Topl. (Moscow), 1996, (3). 101-106 (In Russian) Spectral analysis and calorimetry were used to study the content and fractional distribution of toxic elements (e.g. As, F, Ph. Hg, Be. and Cd) in SO0 coal samples from eight coal fields of East Siberia. Respirable dust characterization in an lndlan open97102380 cast coal mine Sinha, S. and Baneijee, S. P. App,pl. Occ~rp. Ef~viron. Hyg.. 1996, II, (7) 771-776. The authors report a study carried out in the Muraidih Open-cast Project of Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (Dhanbad, Bihar, India) to characterize the airborne road-haul dust. The percentage of suspended particulate matter at the various size ranges and the free silica content of each of the size ranges of road-haul dust were determined. Concentrations of nine trace elements in the road-haul dust and the benzene-soluble fractions of suspended particulate matter at the various stations of the mine during all four seasons in lYY2-1993 were also determined. Enrichment factors were determined and varimax rotated factor analysis was done to get an idea about the source of the various trace elements.
Results of performance and emission testing when 97102381 co-firing blends of dRDF/coal in a 440 MWe cyclone fired combustor Ohlsson, 0. 0. A/uv~are Fuels IV Cortf., Proc., 4fh, 1994, 39-52. An improved method to convert residential, commercial, and institutional refuse into an environmentally safe, economical fuel has been developed by the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners, Argonne National Laboratory and the University of North Texas. Recyclable metals, glass, and some plastic products are separated from the refuse, while the remaining fraction (consisting primarily of cellulosic materials) is then combined with Ca(OH): binding additive and formed into cylindrical pellets. The pellets are dense and odourless and can be stored for extended periods without biological or chemical degradation. Due to their increased bulk density, they are more durable and can be more easily conveyed, handled, and transported compared to other types of waste-derived fuel pellets. Laboratory-, pilot-, and full-scale combustion tests showed that binderenhanced densified refuse-derived fuel pellets can be successfully co-fired with high S coal in a spreader-stoker combustor. Combustion tests showed significant reductions of SO:, NO,, and CO2 in flue gases, and reduction of heavy metals and organics in ash. Cyclone-fired combustion tests, flue gas emissions, and analysis of collected ash samples are reported. Results of underground mine studies to assess 97102382 diesel particulate exposures and control technologies Tomb, T. F. and Haney, R. A. Trans. Sot. min., Metull., Explor., 1995, (Pub. 1996) 298, 276-279iSection 1. In order to obtain information on occupational exposures to diesel particulate (DP), mine environmental DP levels and on the effectiveness of methodologies for controlling DP. studies were conducted in underground mining operations. They were representative of four coal mines and IO metal mines. Three of the four coal mines were using disposable diesel exhaust filters to remove particulate from the exhaust and one was using a reusable wire mesh filter. Results of these studies indicate that average DP levels in coal mines not using exhaust filters range from 0.9 to 2.1 mg/m”. The use of exhaust filtration devices reduced these levels by about 50% to 90%.
Eflvifonment (pollution, health protection, safety)
The role of ferrous sulfate in coal dust induced lung 97102383 injury Chen, L. C. et al. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg, 1996, 1 I, (7). 973-979. Pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive bronchopneumonopathy have been shown to be the result of coal-dust inhalation, but the active compounds responsible for these diseases have not yet heen identified. The authors postulate that coal-dust-induced lung injury could be related to exposures of coal workers to aerosols capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung. In this study. the authors investigated whether coal dust could produce ROS in aqueous medium and the biological significance of ROS production. The results obtained clearly indicate that FeS04 enrichment enhances the pulmonary response of guinea pigs to coaldust exposure. Selected worldwide coal activities of the US Geo97102384 logical Survey, with emphasis on their environmental applications SanFilipo, J. R. and Warwick, P. D. Proc. Annu. Inr. Pirrshurgh Coal Conf:, 1995, 12, 526-532. This review describes the participation of the USGS in international coal studies in recent years. Most of these studies have been commodity related, focusing on coal resource assessments in nations with acute energy shortages and coal quality studies in areas where development has had recognizable environmental impact. Selection of the best desalination technology for 97lQ2385 highly saline drainage water from coal mines in southern Poland Kurbiel, J. ef al. Desalination. 1996, 106, (l-3. Desalination and Water Reuse), 415-418. The discharge of highly saline drainage water to the surface waters is an ecological hazard present in black coal excavation from most coal mines in Poland. Various technologies were considered during 1990-1992 in order to find a viable solution. Technical requirements, presented in this paper, led to the choice of technology of thermal desalination with the carnallite method. Advantages of this method have been presented including the low salinity of treated water and the possibility of practical application of the process by-products as substrate for the chemical industry. The authors discuss the possible risk associated with this method such as negative impact of energy production (for purposes of desalination) on the natural environment or surpassing of desalination by-products. Selective spoil placement for the prevention of acid 97102386 mine drainage formation Michaud, L. H. Trans. Sot. Min., Medl.. Explor., 1995. (Pub. 1996), 298. 272-275Section 1. The proposed site for extended surface coal mining in Pennsylvania contains pyritic material, but results of site acid-hase accounting showed an overall neutralization potential to maximum potential acidity ratio (NP:MPA) of 4.26:1 for the entire site. However, the pyritic material is associated with the lower of the three seams to he mined. Using traditional dragline-mining methods acidic material would be placed at the top of spoil piles, exposing it to air and water, and thus to formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Further concerns are associated with the fact that alkali material is not distributed evenly over the mine site. To prevent AMD formation, the company proposed to mine the area using truck-shovel mining methods. This technique offers a more flexible alternative for cut sequencing and for selective placement of waste material. Working with the Department of Mineral Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, a site mine plan was developed. This plan results in layering of alkali and acidic spoil to achieve an overall net alkylation in all spoil areas. Therefore. mining this site should not result in AMD formation. 97102387 Selenium sampling and analysis in coal combustion systems Devito, M. S. and Carlson, R. J. Proc. Annu. Im. Pittsburgh Cool Cotzf., 1995, 12, 979-984.
One-hundred-and-eighty-nine elements and compounds that are classified by the US EPA as air toxics were identified by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. These include I I inorganic trace elements found in coal. The US EPA developed and validated a sampling train (Method 29) for the measurement of these trace elements in flue gas from municipal waste combustors. This method has also been used in several trace element sampling programmes conducted at coal-fired utilities. This presentation addresses the difficulties experienced in measuring selenium (Se) at such facilities. The US DOE conducted a lltility Air Toxics Assessment programme consisting of measurements and material balance studies at eight coal-fired power plants. Results from this programme to date are discussed. A simultaneous SO, and NO, removal system for 97lO2388 burning all grades of coal. Frank, N. W. and Maezawa, A. Proc. Anmr. Int. Pitfshtrrgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 628-638. Flue gas treatment by electron beam irradiation is reported. The recent improvements to the system and results of recent testing are discussed, to illustrate how it can be utilized with coal-based fuels to comply with Clean Air Act amendments and other regulations.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1997
189