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02666 Preparation, stabilization, and use of fuel suspensions. Review
02
Liquid fuels (transport, refining, quality, storage)
97102658 Compositional studies of high-temperature by g.c.-FT4.r. analysis of middle oil fractions
coal tar
Zhang, M. CI ul. Ftrel, 1907, 76, (S), 415-423. The compositions of middle oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar can hc determined through a combination of capillary gas chromatographyFourier transform infrared spectrometry-gas chromatography retention and slope factors for the relations between indices (g.c.-FT-i.r.-RI). retention indices and boiling points for homologous series. Over 41, 53, 64 and 60 compounds were isolated and identified in middle oil fractions F?, Fi, F5 and F,, respectively. This approach can be applied in tar distillation processing and pollution monitoring where these compounds exist.
Evolution of volatile products 97102659 key) oil shales by temperature-programmed Ballicea, L. cf ul. Fuel, 1997, 76, (5), 375-380.
from Gliyniik pyrolysis
(Tur-
Small samples of oil shale particles were pyrolised in a fluidized-bed reactor under an inert gas flow (argon). Organic products eluted from the reactor at different temperatures and time intervals were collected by a special sampling technique. Capillary gas chromatography was implemented to analyse the products. The aliphatic hydrocarbon content of the pyrolysis products was characterized and classified by carbon number. The performance of the experimental system was assessed by a carbon balance and the recovery of total organic carbon as organic volatile products CO? and coke was determined.
97102660 Geochemical study of hydrocarbon resources northwestern Taiwan Kuo, C. L. et al. Sh@! Jikan, 1996, 32, (4), l-17. (In Chinese)
in
The hydrocarbon source potential and the problems of hydrocarbon generation and migration in north-western Taiwan are the focus of this paper. Source rock evaluation, activation energy analysis, hydrouspyrolysis and geological history reconstruction were implemented for the investigation. The result shows that the coaly shale of the Mushan and Wuchihsban Formations are the best source rock for gas and condensate in northwestern Taiwan and the coaly shale of the Shihti Formation is a subordinate gas-generating source rock. It is suggested that, according to hydrocarbon maturation and scmrce rock potential around the Tiehchenshan area, the hydrocarbons of Tiehchenshan gas field are mainly generated and migrated from the Mushan and Wuchihshan Formation.
97102661 In-situ ‘H NMR study of fluidity enhancement by hydrogen-donor and non-door pitches for a bituminous coal Maroto-Valer, M. et al. Prcpr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sm., Div. Fuel Cltem., 1997, 42, (I), 227-231. One of the factors responsible for the stabilization of the plastic phase during coal carbonization has been cited as hydrogen-donor ability. In-situ high temperature ‘H NMR has been used here to quantify the interactions between a low-volatile bituminous coal and both a normal coal tar pitch (CTP) and a hydrogen-donor pitch (HDP) obtained from a coal liquefaction process. When the CTP was added to the coal the amount of fluid material increased by nearly 20% more than that predicted at maximum fluidity close to 450°C. Moreover, a larger synergistic effect was observed with the HDP. By 4OO”C, 90% of the fluid phase concentration observed at 450°C had already been generated, corresponding to an enhancement of 50% over that predicted. However, particle size appears to be a dominant factor under the slow heating regime used.
97102662 slurries
Manufacture
of
high-concentration
coal-water
Kubo, Y. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 20,897 [97 20,897] (Cl. CltJL1/32), 21 Jan 1997, Appl. 951392,468, 5 Jul 1995, 8 pp. (In Japanese) Introduces a method for manufacture of high-concentration coal-water slurries comprising the stages of mixing coal, water and dispersant and wettype pulverization. It involves adding pH-adjusting agents and/or viscosifying aids to the coal-water slurry such that the product slurry has a rheological viscosity index of 0.6-0.9.
Organic petrological characteristics 97102663 source rocks and their hydrocarbon-generating Tarim Basin Xiao, X. Diqu Huaxue, 1997. 26, (I), 64-71. (In Chinese)
of Triassic potential in
The paper presents organic petrological and geochemical studies of Triassic source rocks in the Tarim Basin. A particular source rock was found, which mainly consisted of biodegraded amorphinite or its thermally altered product micrinite B. This source rock was characterized not only by obvious suppression of measured vitrinite reflectance, but early hydrocarbon generation. The rock had an oil window in the range of vitrinite reflectance O.40-0.95% and was found to have attained mature to oil peak stages in most part of the Lunnan area and Manjiaer Depression. This study has given same new evidence for a re-evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of Triassic source rocks in the Tarim Basin.
220
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
97102664 [Australia]:
Origin of petroleum in the Bowen and Surat Basins geochemistry revisited C. J. APEAJ.. 1995. 35, (Pt. I), 5799612.
Boreham, The paper describes a detailed regional geochemical study of over 70 oils and condensates, 1I natural gases and over 100 core samples from potential source rocks. This study allows a resolution of the generation and migration history of petroleum in the Bowen and Surat basins to be constructed. The origin of the petroleum is presented in detail.
97102665 Preliminary agglomeration process.
characterization
of a gas-promoted
oil
C‘orrl C‘WI[,. Drzymala. J. and Wheelock, T. D. Proc.--A~~tlu. Inr. Pittthuy$ 199f1, I.ith(Vol. 2) 898-902. A scale model mixing system measuring both agitator speed and torque wa\ used to study the agglomeration of aqueous suspensions of Pittsburgh No. X coal particles with isooctane. The progress of agglomeration was monitored by observing changes in agitator torque and was confirmed hy examining. sampler of the suspension with an optical microscope. The results ohtained indicate that agglomeration time decreases with increasing power input per unit volume and with increasing gas concentration.
97102666 Preparation, sions. Review Ruschevz. D. D. Koks K/h., The preparation, stabilization, suspensions as fuels.
stabilization,
and use of fuel suspen-
1996. (IO), 9-I?. (In Russian) and properties of aqueous
or
oil
coal
97102667 Role of mineral matter in coal in the preparation highly loaded coal-water slurry fuels Sun, S. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1996, 19, (4). I l-17. (In Chinese)
of
97102668 Self-ignition of S.I. engine model fuels: a shock tube investigation at high pressure Fieweger, K. el ul. Combustion and Flame, 1997. lOY, (4), SYY-010. The shock tube technique was used to investigate the self-ignition of several methanol, methyl terl-butyl spark-ignition (Sl) engine fuels (iso-octane, ether and three different mixtures of iso-octane and o-heptane), mixed with air. Typical modes of the self-ignition process were registered cinematographtcally.
97102669 TLC-FID in quantitative hydrocarbon group type analysis of asphaltenes and other heavy fossil fuels Cebolla. V. L. et al. Prep. Pap. Am. Chew. Sot., Dii,. Fuel Cltcr?~., I Y97. 42. (2). 431-43s. Thin layer chomatography with flame ionization detection (TLCFID) was employed ttr analyse asphaltenes and petroleum residues after careful calibration with standards.
Transport,
Refining,
Quality,
Storage
97102670 preparation
Biomass-oil slurry fuels: an investigation into their and formulation 1997, 12, (4), 253-261. I. A. ct al. Biomass und Bioener~,
Benter, This project aimed to investigate the production of a slurry fuel made from a mixture of oil and finely-ground biomass. The types of oil investigated were diesel and kerosene. Biomass was represented by radiata pine. The wood was prepared with the Convertech process, which is being developed to continuously wash, auto-hydrolyse and dry wood chips. Finely-ground wood particles settle in fuels such as diesel or kerosene due to their greater density and, thus, need to be stabilized if long-term storage is desired. It was found that auto-hydrolysed wood particles can be prevented from settling by emulsifying the oil-particle mixture with a polar liquid. In this context, it was discovered that certain mixtures of kerosene, ethanol, water and wood form a stable emulsion without any additives. Various additives for the stabilization of pure wood powder-oil mixtures were also tested, Whereas no suitable additive of the surfactant type could be identified, a castor oil-based thickener was found to successfully stabilize the slurry. The apparent viscosities of some of the slurries that were stable for at least 30 days were also measured. All slurries showed pseudoplastic properties. The thickener stabilized slurry was found to have the lowest viscosity at shear rates above 50 ss’.
97102671 improvers
Diesel
light
oil
compositions
containing
flow
Uchida, K. and Hirano, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY 67,583 [97 67,583] (CI.ClOLl/O4), II Mar 1997, Appl. 951222,820, 31 Aug 1995, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The compositions contain surfactant-type flow improvers and have stable fluidity at low temperature even in the conditions with low kerosene fraction.
Liquid fuels (transport, refining, quality, storage)
97102658 Compositional studies of high-temperature by g.c.-FT4.r. analysis of middle oil fractions
coal tar
Zhang, M. CI ul. Ftrel, 1907, 76, (S), 415-423. The compositions of middle oil fractions in high-temperature coal tar can hc determined through a combination of capillary gas chromatographyFourier transform infrared spectrometry-gas chromatography retention and slope factors for the relations between indices (g.c.-FT-i.r.-RI). retention indices and boiling points for homologous series. Over 41, 53, 64 and 60 compounds were isolated and identified in middle oil fractions F?, Fi, F5 and F,, respectively. This approach can be applied in tar distillation processing and pollution monitoring where these compounds exist.
Evolution of volatile products 97102659 key) oil shales by temperature-programmed Ballicea, L. cf ul. Fuel, 1997, 76, (5), 375-380.
from Gliyniik pyrolysis
(Tur-
Small samples of oil shale particles were pyrolised in a fluidized-bed reactor under an inert gas flow (argon). Organic products eluted from the reactor at different temperatures and time intervals were collected by a special sampling technique. Capillary gas chromatography was implemented to analyse the products. The aliphatic hydrocarbon content of the pyrolysis products was characterized and classified by carbon number. The performance of the experimental system was assessed by a carbon balance and the recovery of total organic carbon as organic volatile products CO? and coke was determined.
97102660 Geochemical study of hydrocarbon resources northwestern Taiwan Kuo, C. L. et al. Sh@! Jikan, 1996, 32, (4), l-17. (In Chinese)
in
The hydrocarbon source potential and the problems of hydrocarbon generation and migration in north-western Taiwan are the focus of this paper. Source rock evaluation, activation energy analysis, hydrouspyrolysis and geological history reconstruction were implemented for the investigation. The result shows that the coaly shale of the Mushan and Wuchihsban Formations are the best source rock for gas and condensate in northwestern Taiwan and the coaly shale of the Shihti Formation is a subordinate gas-generating source rock. It is suggested that, according to hydrocarbon maturation and scmrce rock potential around the Tiehchenshan area, the hydrocarbons of Tiehchenshan gas field are mainly generated and migrated from the Mushan and Wuchihshan Formation.
97102661 In-situ ‘H NMR study of fluidity enhancement by hydrogen-donor and non-door pitches for a bituminous coal Maroto-Valer, M. et al. Prcpr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sm., Div. Fuel Cltem., 1997, 42, (I), 227-231. One of the factors responsible for the stabilization of the plastic phase during coal carbonization has been cited as hydrogen-donor ability. In-situ high temperature ‘H NMR has been used here to quantify the interactions between a low-volatile bituminous coal and both a normal coal tar pitch (CTP) and a hydrogen-donor pitch (HDP) obtained from a coal liquefaction process. When the CTP was added to the coal the amount of fluid material increased by nearly 20% more than that predicted at maximum fluidity close to 450°C. Moreover, a larger synergistic effect was observed with the HDP. By 4OO”C, 90% of the fluid phase concentration observed at 450°C had already been generated, corresponding to an enhancement of 50% over that predicted. However, particle size appears to be a dominant factor under the slow heating regime used.
97102662 slurries
Manufacture
of
high-concentration
coal-water
Kubo, Y. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 20,897 [97 20,897] (Cl. CltJL1/32), 21 Jan 1997, Appl. 951392,468, 5 Jul 1995, 8 pp. (In Japanese) Introduces a method for manufacture of high-concentration coal-water slurries comprising the stages of mixing coal, water and dispersant and wettype pulverization. It involves adding pH-adjusting agents and/or viscosifying aids to the coal-water slurry such that the product slurry has a rheological viscosity index of 0.6-0.9.
Organic petrological characteristics 97102663 source rocks and their hydrocarbon-generating Tarim Basin Xiao, X. Diqu Huaxue, 1997. 26, (I), 64-71. (In Chinese)
of Triassic potential in
The paper presents organic petrological and geochemical studies of Triassic source rocks in the Tarim Basin. A particular source rock was found, which mainly consisted of biodegraded amorphinite or its thermally altered product micrinite B. This source rock was characterized not only by obvious suppression of measured vitrinite reflectance, but early hydrocarbon generation. The rock had an oil window in the range of vitrinite reflectance O.40-0.95% and was found to have attained mature to oil peak stages in most part of the Lunnan area and Manjiaer Depression. This study has given same new evidence for a re-evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of Triassic source rocks in the Tarim Basin.
220
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
97102664 [Australia]:
Origin of petroleum in the Bowen and Surat Basins geochemistry revisited C. J. APEAJ.. 1995. 35, (Pt. I), 5799612.
Boreham, The paper describes a detailed regional geochemical study of over 70 oils and condensates, 1I natural gases and over 100 core samples from potential source rocks. This study allows a resolution of the generation and migration history of petroleum in the Bowen and Surat basins to be constructed. The origin of the petroleum is presented in detail.
97102665 Preliminary agglomeration process.
characterization
of a gas-promoted
oil
C‘orrl C‘WI[,. Drzymala. J. and Wheelock, T. D. Proc.--A~~tlu. Inr. Pittthuy$ 199f1, I.ith(Vol. 2) 898-902. A scale model mixing system measuring both agitator speed and torque wa\ used to study the agglomeration of aqueous suspensions of Pittsburgh No. X coal particles with isooctane. The progress of agglomeration was monitored by observing changes in agitator torque and was confirmed hy examining. sampler of the suspension with an optical microscope. The results ohtained indicate that agglomeration time decreases with increasing power input per unit volume and with increasing gas concentration.
97102666 Preparation, sions. Review Ruschevz. D. D. Koks K/h., The preparation, stabilization, suspensions as fuels.
stabilization,
and use of fuel suspen-
1996. (IO), 9-I?. (In Russian) and properties of aqueous
or
oil
coal
97102667 Role of mineral matter in coal in the preparation highly loaded coal-water slurry fuels Sun, S. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1996, 19, (4). I l-17. (In Chinese)
of
97102668 Self-ignition of S.I. engine model fuels: a shock tube investigation at high pressure Fieweger, K. el ul. Combustion and Flame, 1997. lOY, (4), SYY-010. The shock tube technique was used to investigate the self-ignition of several methanol, methyl terl-butyl spark-ignition (Sl) engine fuels (iso-octane, ether and three different mixtures of iso-octane and o-heptane), mixed with air. Typical modes of the self-ignition process were registered cinematographtcally.
97102669 TLC-FID in quantitative hydrocarbon group type analysis of asphaltenes and other heavy fossil fuels Cebolla. V. L. et al. Prep. Pap. Am. Chew. Sot., Dii,. Fuel Cltcr?~., I Y97. 42. (2). 431-43s. Thin layer chomatography with flame ionization detection (TLCFID) was employed ttr analyse asphaltenes and petroleum residues after careful calibration with standards.
Transport,
Refining,
Quality,
Storage
97102670 preparation
Biomass-oil slurry fuels: an investigation into their and formulation 1997, 12, (4), 253-261. I. A. ct al. Biomass und Bioener~,
Benter, This project aimed to investigate the production of a slurry fuel made from a mixture of oil and finely-ground biomass. The types of oil investigated were diesel and kerosene. Biomass was represented by radiata pine. The wood was prepared with the Convertech process, which is being developed to continuously wash, auto-hydrolyse and dry wood chips. Finely-ground wood particles settle in fuels such as diesel or kerosene due to their greater density and, thus, need to be stabilized if long-term storage is desired. It was found that auto-hydrolysed wood particles can be prevented from settling by emulsifying the oil-particle mixture with a polar liquid. In this context, it was discovered that certain mixtures of kerosene, ethanol, water and wood form a stable emulsion without any additives. Various additives for the stabilization of pure wood powder-oil mixtures were also tested, Whereas no suitable additive of the surfactant type could be identified, a castor oil-based thickener was found to successfully stabilize the slurry. The apparent viscosities of some of the slurries that were stable for at least 30 days were also measured. All slurries showed pseudoplastic properties. The thickener stabilized slurry was found to have the lowest viscosity at shear rates above 50 ss’.
97102671 improvers
Diesel
light
oil
compositions
containing
flow
Uchida, K. and Hirano, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY 67,583 [97 67,583] (CI.ClOLl/O4), II Mar 1997, Appl. 951222,820, 31 Aug 1995, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The compositions contain surfactant-type flow improvers and have stable fluidity at low temperature even in the conditions with low kerosene fraction.