- Email: [email protected]
02752 District heating based on natural gas
03
quality was discovered in the southern fault block of the structure. The La Bella and Minerva gas discoveries have greatly enhanced the prospectivity of the offshore portion of the Otway Basin.
97l92748 Two-dimensional simulation of the course of subsidence and temperature as well as the methane and nitrogen formation in the northwestern German basin Neunzert. G. H. and Littke, R. Rer. Drsch. Win. Ges. Erdoel, Erdgus Kohle, Tagungsher., 1996, 9602, (Vorgraege der Fruehjahrstagung des DGMK Fachbereiches Aufsuchung und Gewinnung. 1996) 77-86. (In German) A simulation was carried out to investigate the time-dependent context between subsistence, temperature, development, and formation of CH4 and NL for the north-western German basin. The processes in the Upper Carboniferous. Autunian-Jurassic, Cretaceous and Early Tertiary phase are differentiated and described. The results of this simulation and the discoveries are presented in detail.
resource rent in the gas power sector, but is along the way intermingled with ordinary producer surplus and quasi-rent stemming from increasing cost conditions in the production infrastructure and capacity constraints. The net effect on total rent generated depends on development in demand, demand elasticities, costs saved from delaying hydropower projects and the existence of producer surplus in gas power generation. The paper closes with a discussion of possible tax base changes following from the introduction of a thermal power system hased on natural gas.
Derived
97102754 spheres
Transport,
Storage
Adsorbed natural gas storage with activated 97102749 bons made from Illinois coals and scrap tires
car-
Sun, J. Ehrro Furk.~, lY97.11, (2). 316-322. Activated carbons for natural gas storage (e.g., in gas-powered vehicles) were produced from Illinois bituminous coals and scrap tires by physical activation with steam or CO: and by chemical activation with KOH, HIPO+ or ZnCl:. Both granular and pellet&d carbons made with preoxidized Illinois coal gave higher micropore volumes and larger VmiVs values than those made without preoxidation. This confirmed that preoxidation is a desirable rtep in the production of carbons from caking materials. Pellctization of preoxidized IBC-I06 coal, followed by steam activation, resulted in the highest VmiVs value. The microporous structures of the final products largely depended on their starting materials. The fact that Vm/Vs values of coal and tyrc carbons did not reach the target value was due to the initial property (porosity) of the parent materials, rather than the processing method. 97lO2750
energy
Decarbonization carrier
of fossil
fuels:
hydrogen
as an
Audus. H. er ul. Hydrogen Eneru Prog. Xl, Proc. World Hydrogen Energ) Conf.. /l/h, 1996. 1, 525-534. Edited by Veziroglu. T. N., International Association for Hydrogen Energy, Coral Gables, Fla. Hydrogen production processes involving the decarbonization of fossil fuels through the capture and disposal of CO?. The CO: is produced by shift conversion following the reforming or partial oxidation of the fuel. Solvent in a absorption is used to capture CO2 an d it is stored deep underground saline aquifer. The product is hydrogen which can be used as an energy carrier. Conversion technologies are needed to establish a high value for decarhonized hydrogen.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Advanced gas reburning demonstration 97102751 mercial gas reburning system upgrade
Policy and com-
Folsom. B. A. c/ al. h-m. Amu. In?. Pit/.~hurgh Coal Cmf., 1996, Ii, (2) 1500-1504. This paper reports on the installation of the first commercial Gas Reburning (GR) NO, control system on a 105 MW tangentially-fired boiler at New York State Electricity and Gas Greenidge Station. The commercial guarantee was confirmed by a compliance test, showing NO, was reduced to less than 0.3 lb/l@ Btu. In addition, the GR system has been upgraded to Advanced Gas Reburning (AGR) as part of a demonstration project. NO, reduction is projected to be further reduced by the system to nominally 0.1 Ih./lO” Btu. These NO, control technologies can be applied to all types of boilers with nominal NO, reductions of 60 and 85% for GR and AGR, respectively. 97102752 District heating based on natural gas Hansen F. Eu&reaf nud Pwr. Fern. Internut., January/February 1997, 26, ( 112). Y-l 2. The measures taken to promote the use of cogeneration based on natural gas in Denmark are investigated. District heating based on natural gas has heen the subject of joint marketing by natural gas companies and district heating companies.
Gaseous fuels (transport, storage)
Gaseous
Ammonia
Fuels
decomposition
atmo-
Chambers, A. et al. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1996, 74. (6). 929-934. NO, emissions from IGCC systems may increase due to the presence of ammonia in the product gas from coal gasifications. A fixed bed reactor was used to study the effect of calcined limestone (CaO) on NH2 decomposition and reaction of NH? and NO. Reactions at temperatures up to 900°C in helium and in gas compositions typical of air-blown gasifiers were studied. Although CaO enhanced ammonia decomposition in helium, reaction in the gasification atmosphere resulted in the loss of this catalytic activity. Increasing the total pressure further reduced the rate of NH3 decomposition CaO enhanced conversion of NO to NH3 in gasification atmospheres.
97102755 Apparatus slag deposits
for coal gasification
with prevention
of
Koga, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP O&302,365 [96.302,365] (Cl. C 10531 46) I9 Nov 1996, Appl. Y5/115,674, IS May 1995, 4 pp. (In Japanese) An initial burner is situated below the slag hole of main combustion chamber for raising the temperature of the chamber at commencement, and a means for adjusting the water level in a slag pool below the initial hurrier. This is needed to have a water level lower than the combustion zone when the initial burner is being used, and a water level higher than the combustion zone when the burner is not being used.
97102756 Apparatus by partial oxidation
for gasification
of carbonaceous
fuels
Ishigami, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 0X,302,364 [96,302,364] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 19 Nov 1996, Appl. 951114.384, I2 May l9Y5, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The authors describe the apparatus, which comprises a gasifier with watercooled jacket and vertical cylindrically-shaped pressure vessel surrounding its outer wall, a heat exchanger with coaxially-aligned, v,ertical cylindricallyshaped steel pressure vessel connected to the gasifier, and a vertical steel cylindrical gas barrier provided with a flanged bottom surrounds the refractory throat passage. The refractory throat may be vertically supported by the flanged gas barrier.
97102757 gasifier
Apparatus
for
monitoring
slag
dropping
in coal
Yamada, T. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08,325,5X1 [Y6,325,581] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), IO Dee 1996, Appl. 951134,981. I Jun l9Y5; 4 pp. (In Japanese) The title apparatus is described. It includes a microphone arranged in the cooling water of a slag hopper for monitoring status of melted slag dropping. an amplifier, a band-pass filter, and a recorder.
97102758 Basic design Korean IGCC application
of the coal gasification
system
for
Kim. H. T. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pitt.shrtrgh Coal Cmf., 1996, 13, (2), 1431-1436. The basic design scheme of a coal gasification system, as a part of IGCC engineering package. is presented. It includes sequential design steps for a pulverized coal storage hin. lock hoppers. injection vessels. coal/oxidizer burner nozzles, gasifier, preheater, slag discharge hopper and product gas quencher. Each design module is constructed to generate design data and specifications, and is then coupled with other design modules in a computerized system. The present design method was successfully used for small-scale coal gasification facility construction and can he applied to perform parametric studies and scale-up analyses that will he helpful for large scale IGCC power plant applications.
97102753
97102759 Catalyst and process hydrocarbons from synthesis gas
Amundsen, E. S. Resources and Energy Econmics, 1997, 19, (3) 241-259. The effects of introducing large scale gas power production capacity into an electricity sector based on hydropower are addressed in this work. In this process the economic rent is transmitted from the hydro power sector to the
Geerlings. J. J. 1997. EP Appl. A process for mixture of H catalyst.
Gas power production, surplus concepts and the transformation of hydro electric rent into resource rent
in coal gasification
for
the
manufacture
of
C. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 00,231 (Cl. CO7Cl/OO), 3 Jan 951201,644, 16 Jun 1995, 17 pp. the manufacture of hydrocarbons comprises contacting a and CO at elevated temperature and pressure with the
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
227
quality was discovered in the southern fault block of the structure. The La Bella and Minerva gas discoveries have greatly enhanced the prospectivity of the offshore portion of the Otway Basin.
97l92748 Two-dimensional simulation of the course of subsidence and temperature as well as the methane and nitrogen formation in the northwestern German basin Neunzert. G. H. and Littke, R. Rer. Drsch. Win. Ges. Erdoel, Erdgus Kohle, Tagungsher., 1996, 9602, (Vorgraege der Fruehjahrstagung des DGMK Fachbereiches Aufsuchung und Gewinnung. 1996) 77-86. (In German) A simulation was carried out to investigate the time-dependent context between subsistence, temperature, development, and formation of CH4 and NL for the north-western German basin. The processes in the Upper Carboniferous. Autunian-Jurassic, Cretaceous and Early Tertiary phase are differentiated and described. The results of this simulation and the discoveries are presented in detail.
resource rent in the gas power sector, but is along the way intermingled with ordinary producer surplus and quasi-rent stemming from increasing cost conditions in the production infrastructure and capacity constraints. The net effect on total rent generated depends on development in demand, demand elasticities, costs saved from delaying hydropower projects and the existence of producer surplus in gas power generation. The paper closes with a discussion of possible tax base changes following from the introduction of a thermal power system hased on natural gas.
Derived
97102754 spheres
Transport,
Storage
Adsorbed natural gas storage with activated 97102749 bons made from Illinois coals and scrap tires
car-
Sun, J. Ehrro Furk.~, lY97.11, (2). 316-322. Activated carbons for natural gas storage (e.g., in gas-powered vehicles) were produced from Illinois bituminous coals and scrap tires by physical activation with steam or CO: and by chemical activation with KOH, HIPO+ or ZnCl:. Both granular and pellet&d carbons made with preoxidized Illinois coal gave higher micropore volumes and larger VmiVs values than those made without preoxidation. This confirmed that preoxidation is a desirable rtep in the production of carbons from caking materials. Pellctization of preoxidized IBC-I06 coal, followed by steam activation, resulted in the highest VmiVs value. The microporous structures of the final products largely depended on their starting materials. The fact that Vm/Vs values of coal and tyrc carbons did not reach the target value was due to the initial property (porosity) of the parent materials, rather than the processing method. 97lO2750
energy
Decarbonization carrier
of fossil
fuels:
hydrogen
as an
Audus. H. er ul. Hydrogen Eneru Prog. Xl, Proc. World Hydrogen Energ) Conf.. /l/h, 1996. 1, 525-534. Edited by Veziroglu. T. N., International Association for Hydrogen Energy, Coral Gables, Fla. Hydrogen production processes involving the decarbonization of fossil fuels through the capture and disposal of CO?. The CO: is produced by shift conversion following the reforming or partial oxidation of the fuel. Solvent in a absorption is used to capture CO2 an d it is stored deep underground saline aquifer. The product is hydrogen which can be used as an energy carrier. Conversion technologies are needed to establish a high value for decarhonized hydrogen.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Advanced gas reburning demonstration 97102751 mercial gas reburning system upgrade
Policy and com-
Folsom. B. A. c/ al. h-m. Amu. In?. Pit/.~hurgh Coal Cmf., 1996, Ii, (2) 1500-1504. This paper reports on the installation of the first commercial Gas Reburning (GR) NO, control system on a 105 MW tangentially-fired boiler at New York State Electricity and Gas Greenidge Station. The commercial guarantee was confirmed by a compliance test, showing NO, was reduced to less than 0.3 lb/l@ Btu. In addition, the GR system has been upgraded to Advanced Gas Reburning (AGR) as part of a demonstration project. NO, reduction is projected to be further reduced by the system to nominally 0.1 Ih./lO” Btu. These NO, control technologies can be applied to all types of boilers with nominal NO, reductions of 60 and 85% for GR and AGR, respectively. 97102752 District heating based on natural gas Hansen F. Eu&reaf nud Pwr. Fern. Internut., January/February 1997, 26, ( 112). Y-l 2. The measures taken to promote the use of cogeneration based on natural gas in Denmark are investigated. District heating based on natural gas has heen the subject of joint marketing by natural gas companies and district heating companies.
Gaseous fuels (transport, storage)
Gaseous
Ammonia
Fuels
decomposition
atmo-
Chambers, A. et al. Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1996, 74. (6). 929-934. NO, emissions from IGCC systems may increase due to the presence of ammonia in the product gas from coal gasifications. A fixed bed reactor was used to study the effect of calcined limestone (CaO) on NH2 decomposition and reaction of NH? and NO. Reactions at temperatures up to 900°C in helium and in gas compositions typical of air-blown gasifiers were studied. Although CaO enhanced ammonia decomposition in helium, reaction in the gasification atmosphere resulted in the loss of this catalytic activity. Increasing the total pressure further reduced the rate of NH3 decomposition CaO enhanced conversion of NO to NH3 in gasification atmospheres.
97102755 Apparatus slag deposits
for coal gasification
with prevention
of
Koga, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP O&302,365 [96.302,365] (Cl. C 10531 46) I9 Nov 1996, Appl. Y5/115,674, IS May 1995, 4 pp. (In Japanese) An initial burner is situated below the slag hole of main combustion chamber for raising the temperature of the chamber at commencement, and a means for adjusting the water level in a slag pool below the initial hurrier. This is needed to have a water level lower than the combustion zone when the initial burner is being used, and a water level higher than the combustion zone when the burner is not being used.
97102756 Apparatus by partial oxidation
for gasification
of carbonaceous
fuels
Ishigami, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 0X,302,364 [96,302,364] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 19 Nov 1996, Appl. 951114.384, I2 May l9Y5, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The authors describe the apparatus, which comprises a gasifier with watercooled jacket and vertical cylindrically-shaped pressure vessel surrounding its outer wall, a heat exchanger with coaxially-aligned, v,ertical cylindricallyshaped steel pressure vessel connected to the gasifier, and a vertical steel cylindrical gas barrier provided with a flanged bottom surrounds the refractory throat passage. The refractory throat may be vertically supported by the flanged gas barrier.
97102757 gasifier
Apparatus
for
monitoring
slag
dropping
in coal
Yamada, T. Jpn. Kokal Tokkyo Koho JP 08,325,5X1 [Y6,325,581] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), IO Dee 1996, Appl. 951134,981. I Jun l9Y5; 4 pp. (In Japanese) The title apparatus is described. It includes a microphone arranged in the cooling water of a slag hopper for monitoring status of melted slag dropping. an amplifier, a band-pass filter, and a recorder.
97102758 Basic design Korean IGCC application
of the coal gasification
system
for
Kim. H. T. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pitt.shrtrgh Coal Cmf., 1996, 13, (2), 1431-1436. The basic design scheme of a coal gasification system, as a part of IGCC engineering package. is presented. It includes sequential design steps for a pulverized coal storage hin. lock hoppers. injection vessels. coal/oxidizer burner nozzles, gasifier, preheater, slag discharge hopper and product gas quencher. Each design module is constructed to generate design data and specifications, and is then coupled with other design modules in a computerized system. The present design method was successfully used for small-scale coal gasification facility construction and can he applied to perform parametric studies and scale-up analyses that will he helpful for large scale IGCC power plant applications.
97102753
97102759 Catalyst and process hydrocarbons from synthesis gas
Amundsen, E. S. Resources and Energy Econmics, 1997, 19, (3) 241-259. The effects of introducing large scale gas power production capacity into an electricity sector based on hydropower are addressed in this work. In this process the economic rent is transmitted from the hydro power sector to the
Geerlings. J. J. 1997. EP Appl. A process for mixture of H catalyst.
Gas power production, surplus concepts and the transformation of hydro electric rent into resource rent
in coal gasification
for
the
manufacture
of
C. PCT Int. Appl. WO 97 00,231 (Cl. CO7Cl/OO), 3 Jan 951201,644, 16 Jun 1995, 17 pp. the manufacture of hydrocarbons comprises contacting a and CO at elevated temperature and pressure with the
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
227