- Email: [email protected]
03239 Optimal coefficient of performance and heating load relationship of a three-heat-reservoir endoreversible heat pump
Heat pumps
14
14 HEAT PUMPS 97103232 conservation
Application of heat in paper drying
pump
systems
for
energy
Abrahamsson, K. er al. Inf. J. Energy Ref., 21, (7), 631-642. Scope for energy recovery in this industry is substantial, particularly from the latent heat of the exhaust moist air. Using real operating data from a major Swedish mill, optimal energy conservation strategies were investigated using different heat pump systems in paper drying, Simulation results are compared for compressor-driven and absorption beat pump systems and an absorption heat transformer was also investigated. 97103233 Heat pump concept for heating an office building Lang, H. and Schmid. S. Hriz. Luft. Haurtech., January 1997, 48, (I), 3739. (In German) A new system based on a gas absorption heat pump with concrete absorber elements for the heating of an office building is outlined. These elements are used as roof. lightwell, soil and foundation absorbers. 97103234 Heat pump dryer part 3: experimental verification the simulation Prasertsan, S. ct al. Int. J. Eneqy Rex., 1997, 21, (S), 707-722.
of
Experiments are reported that have been carried out to verify the heat pump dryer (HPD) performance described by computer simulation results in Parts I and 2 of this series of papers. An HPD designed to be operated in four configurations-two open systems and two partially closed systems-has been built. The variables in the experiments are the air flow rate, the dryer load, the ambient condition (day and night) and, for the partially closed systems, the recirculation air ratio and the evaporator bypass air ratio. The parameters for the verification are the compressor power, the properties of air entering the dryer, the coefficient of performance, the moisture extraction rafe and the specific moisture extraction rate. It is found that the experimental results agree with the simulation results within an acceptable error tolerance. In order to predict the HPD performance accurately, a fine tuning of the compresser model and the pressure drop in two-pha\e flow of the refrigerant are recommended.
97103235
Heat pump energy efficiency
regulations
Lannus, A. et al. International Energy Agency, IEA, 1996, 131~~. A study is reported that deals with the energy efficiency regulations, labelling requirements, methods of testing for rating capacity and efficiency and electrical and mechanical safety standards governing heat pump and air conditioning equipment for buildings. The heat pump equipment used for building space heating, space cooling and domestic or service water heating is also addressed.
into account the constraints represented by finite operation time and limited heat interaction area. This paper focuses on the search for the optimum heating performance of a heat engine-driven heat pump in which the waste engine heat is used for heating purposes. A comparison between the performances of the irreversible model and those of actual plants is carried out.
97103241 Performance using switched reluctance
97103238
engine-driven
An introduction heat pumps
and
status
update
on
unitary
Nowakowski, G. A. ASHRAE J., December 1996, 38, (12), 42-47. A relatively new line of high efficiency heating and cooling products is represented by unitary engine-driven heat pumps. Advantages such as variable speed/capacity operation and engine heat recovery are offered by this type of pump. The benefits are examined, including engine hear recovery that can increase the system heating capacity as much as 25%.
Optimal coefficient of performance and heating load relationshio of a three-heat-reservoir endoreversible heat
97103239
w-w
Chen, L. et al. Energy Conver.s. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (8), 727-733. This paper presents the relationship between the optimal COP (coefficient of performance) and the heating load of a three-heat-reservoir endoreversible heat pump with non-linear heat transfer. The results presented differ from those obtained with a linear heat transfer law. The relationships provide a theoretical basis for developing and utilising a variety of threeheat-reservoir heat pumps.
Optimum performance pumps: a finite-time approach
97103240
of heat engine-driven
heat
D’Accadia, M. D. et al. Energy Convers. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (4), 401-413. The use of classic thermodynamics for thermal equilibrium during heat transfer interactions requires either infinitely slow cycles or infinitely large heat exchanger surfaces. More realistic limits on the optimal operation of energy systems can he provided by finite-time thermodynamics, which takes
PV
pumping
systems
Hamid M. B. et al. Energy Convers. Mgmt, 1997. 38, (I), l-l 1. A switched reluctance motor (SRM) is used in a PV pumping system, which is investigated. A DC voltage supplies the motor through a simple switching circuit. This drive circuit is much simpler than the normal DC/AC inverter required to supply the induction motor and its efficiency is considerably higher than that of the equivalent DC or induction motors. Due to its simple construction, the SRM is cheaper than these conventional drives. Therefore. in comparison to other systems, the proposed system has higher efficiency and lower cost. A design example is studied in detail to explore the advantages of PV pumping systems based on this new drive. The operating efficiency of the motor was shown to be about 85% during mosr of its working time. The matching efficiency between the PV array and the proposed system approaches 95%. The majority of the losses take place in rhe pump and the riser pipes and represents one-third of the total available energy.
97103242 pump
Performance
evaluation
of a compact
air-to-air
heat
Kent, E. F. Energv Cowers. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (4), 341-345. The performance of a compact air-to-air heat pump for residential heating of small office rooms is examined, using an experimental set-up. This apparatus consists of an electrically driven compressor, two heat exchangers, a four-way valve, a capillary tube, two fans and associated measuring and controlling equipment. It is designed for heating small places in winter and cooling in summer. In this work, the unit is installed in an office room with a floor area of 20 m’ at Istanbul Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Building in Istanbul and tested in the heating mode. Experimental results were obtained for the complete heating season. October through May. The coefficient of performance and heating capacity of the system were measured and presented as a function of outdoor-air temperature.
15 ENVIRONMENT
Heat pumps 97103236 Anon Air Con&. Refrig. News, January 1997, 13, (4), 29-30, 32-33.. Details of the new heat pump equipment produced in the UK are provided. Hooked on hydrocarbons 97103237 Sims B. Bldg. Senj. J. CIBSE, March 1997, 19, (3), 36-37. Reports the use of Care 40 propane refrigerants in a small-scale. The heat source for a water-to-air heat pump system with a scroll compressor, is a river whose temperature never falls below 6°C. The pump serves a visitor centre building on a trout farm in the Yorkshire Dales. Care 40 propane refrigerants are utilized in this system, because of its zero ozone depletion potential and low CO? emissions. The system is economical and efficient with a calculated coefficient of performance of 3.5.
analysis of motor drives
Pollution,
97103243 study
Analysis
Health
Protection,
of air pollutants
Safety
in Istanbul:
a preliminary
Karaca, M. et al. NATO Challenges Mod. Sot., 1996. 21, (Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI), 679-681. A spatial prediction scheme, kriging (G. Matheron, IY71), was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of SO2 air pollution in Istanbul, Turkey. The main cause of this air pollution is burning low-quality lignite and fossil fuels containing a high percentage of sulfur for heating in the winter. Mean daily SOz and particulate matter concentrations exceeding air quality standards were recorded intermittently between 1985 to 1994 at several locations in the city.
Apparatus for melting treatment of fly ash from 97103244 incinerator with dechlorination Matsuda, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,323,322 [96,323,3221 (Cl. B09B3/00), 10 Dee 1996, Appl. 9.5/131,315, Japanese) The title apparatus is described and assessed.
Application 97103245 embankments
of
power
30 May
industry
1995, 7 pp. (In
wastes
in
road
Steekiewicz, R. and Zahielska-Adamska, K. Proc. Int. Cou$ Solid Waste Tech&. Manage., 1995, 11th, paper 1D2 Spp. Poland experiences the problem of environmental pollution from power industry wastes. Fly ashes and slags are generated as a by-product of burning coal at electrical power stations, thermal power stations and boiler houses. Power engineering waste forms 15% of the general quantity of accumulated wastes. Over 267 million tons of waste are disposed of by burial in landfills, waste dumps, or storage in lagoons. The total dumping area covers over 12,000 ha and this quantity is increasing systematically. The fly ash and slag are produced at a rate of 35 to 220 g for every 1 kWh electricity or heat energy generated, depending on the quality of the burnt coal.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
263
14
14 HEAT PUMPS 97103232 conservation
Application of heat in paper drying
pump
systems
for
energy
Abrahamsson, K. er al. Inf. J. Energy Ref., 21, (7), 631-642. Scope for energy recovery in this industry is substantial, particularly from the latent heat of the exhaust moist air. Using real operating data from a major Swedish mill, optimal energy conservation strategies were investigated using different heat pump systems in paper drying, Simulation results are compared for compressor-driven and absorption beat pump systems and an absorption heat transformer was also investigated. 97103233 Heat pump concept for heating an office building Lang, H. and Schmid. S. Hriz. Luft. Haurtech., January 1997, 48, (I), 3739. (In German) A new system based on a gas absorption heat pump with concrete absorber elements for the heating of an office building is outlined. These elements are used as roof. lightwell, soil and foundation absorbers. 97103234 Heat pump dryer part 3: experimental verification the simulation Prasertsan, S. ct al. Int. J. Eneqy Rex., 1997, 21, (S), 707-722.
of
Experiments are reported that have been carried out to verify the heat pump dryer (HPD) performance described by computer simulation results in Parts I and 2 of this series of papers. An HPD designed to be operated in four configurations-two open systems and two partially closed systems-has been built. The variables in the experiments are the air flow rate, the dryer load, the ambient condition (day and night) and, for the partially closed systems, the recirculation air ratio and the evaporator bypass air ratio. The parameters for the verification are the compressor power, the properties of air entering the dryer, the coefficient of performance, the moisture extraction rafe and the specific moisture extraction rate. It is found that the experimental results agree with the simulation results within an acceptable error tolerance. In order to predict the HPD performance accurately, a fine tuning of the compresser model and the pressure drop in two-pha\e flow of the refrigerant are recommended.
97103235
Heat pump energy efficiency
regulations
Lannus, A. et al. International Energy Agency, IEA, 1996, 131~~. A study is reported that deals with the energy efficiency regulations, labelling requirements, methods of testing for rating capacity and efficiency and electrical and mechanical safety standards governing heat pump and air conditioning equipment for buildings. The heat pump equipment used for building space heating, space cooling and domestic or service water heating is also addressed.
into account the constraints represented by finite operation time and limited heat interaction area. This paper focuses on the search for the optimum heating performance of a heat engine-driven heat pump in which the waste engine heat is used for heating purposes. A comparison between the performances of the irreversible model and those of actual plants is carried out.
97103241 Performance using switched reluctance
97103238
engine-driven
An introduction heat pumps
and
status
update
on
unitary
Nowakowski, G. A. ASHRAE J., December 1996, 38, (12), 42-47. A relatively new line of high efficiency heating and cooling products is represented by unitary engine-driven heat pumps. Advantages such as variable speed/capacity operation and engine heat recovery are offered by this type of pump. The benefits are examined, including engine hear recovery that can increase the system heating capacity as much as 25%.
Optimal coefficient of performance and heating load relationshio of a three-heat-reservoir endoreversible heat
97103239
w-w
Chen, L. et al. Energy Conver.s. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (8), 727-733. This paper presents the relationship between the optimal COP (coefficient of performance) and the heating load of a three-heat-reservoir endoreversible heat pump with non-linear heat transfer. The results presented differ from those obtained with a linear heat transfer law. The relationships provide a theoretical basis for developing and utilising a variety of threeheat-reservoir heat pumps.
Optimum performance pumps: a finite-time approach
97103240
of heat engine-driven
heat
D’Accadia, M. D. et al. Energy Convers. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (4), 401-413. The use of classic thermodynamics for thermal equilibrium during heat transfer interactions requires either infinitely slow cycles or infinitely large heat exchanger surfaces. More realistic limits on the optimal operation of energy systems can he provided by finite-time thermodynamics, which takes
PV
pumping
systems
Hamid M. B. et al. Energy Convers. Mgmt, 1997. 38, (I), l-l 1. A switched reluctance motor (SRM) is used in a PV pumping system, which is investigated. A DC voltage supplies the motor through a simple switching circuit. This drive circuit is much simpler than the normal DC/AC inverter required to supply the induction motor and its efficiency is considerably higher than that of the equivalent DC or induction motors. Due to its simple construction, the SRM is cheaper than these conventional drives. Therefore. in comparison to other systems, the proposed system has higher efficiency and lower cost. A design example is studied in detail to explore the advantages of PV pumping systems based on this new drive. The operating efficiency of the motor was shown to be about 85% during mosr of its working time. The matching efficiency between the PV array and the proposed system approaches 95%. The majority of the losses take place in rhe pump and the riser pipes and represents one-third of the total available energy.
97103242 pump
Performance
evaluation
of a compact
air-to-air
heat
Kent, E. F. Energv Cowers. Mgmt, 1997, 38, (4), 341-345. The performance of a compact air-to-air heat pump for residential heating of small office rooms is examined, using an experimental set-up. This apparatus consists of an electrically driven compressor, two heat exchangers, a four-way valve, a capillary tube, two fans and associated measuring and controlling equipment. It is designed for heating small places in winter and cooling in summer. In this work, the unit is installed in an office room with a floor area of 20 m’ at Istanbul Technical University, Mechanical Engineering Faculty Building in Istanbul and tested in the heating mode. Experimental results were obtained for the complete heating season. October through May. The coefficient of performance and heating capacity of the system were measured and presented as a function of outdoor-air temperature.
15 ENVIRONMENT
Heat pumps 97103236 Anon Air Con&. Refrig. News, January 1997, 13, (4), 29-30, 32-33.. Details of the new heat pump equipment produced in the UK are provided. Hooked on hydrocarbons 97103237 Sims B. Bldg. Senj. J. CIBSE, March 1997, 19, (3), 36-37. Reports the use of Care 40 propane refrigerants in a small-scale. The heat source for a water-to-air heat pump system with a scroll compressor, is a river whose temperature never falls below 6°C. The pump serves a visitor centre building on a trout farm in the Yorkshire Dales. Care 40 propane refrigerants are utilized in this system, because of its zero ozone depletion potential and low CO? emissions. The system is economical and efficient with a calculated coefficient of performance of 3.5.
analysis of motor drives
Pollution,
97103243 study
Analysis
Health
Protection,
of air pollutants
Safety
in Istanbul:
a preliminary
Karaca, M. et al. NATO Challenges Mod. Sot., 1996. 21, (Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XI), 679-681. A spatial prediction scheme, kriging (G. Matheron, IY71), was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of SO2 air pollution in Istanbul, Turkey. The main cause of this air pollution is burning low-quality lignite and fossil fuels containing a high percentage of sulfur for heating in the winter. Mean daily SOz and particulate matter concentrations exceeding air quality standards were recorded intermittently between 1985 to 1994 at several locations in the city.
Apparatus for melting treatment of fly ash from 97103244 incinerator with dechlorination Matsuda, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08,323,322 [96,323,3221 (Cl. B09B3/00), 10 Dee 1996, Appl. 9.5/131,315, Japanese) The title apparatus is described and assessed.
Application 97103245 embankments
of
power
30 May
industry
1995, 7 pp. (In
wastes
in
road
Steekiewicz, R. and Zahielska-Adamska, K. Proc. Int. Cou$ Solid Waste Tech&. Manage., 1995, 11th, paper 1D2 Spp. Poland experiences the problem of environmental pollution from power industry wastes. Fly ashes and slags are generated as a by-product of burning coal at electrical power stations, thermal power stations and boiler houses. Power engineering waste forms 15% of the general quantity of accumulated wastes. Over 267 million tons of waste are disposed of by burial in landfills, waste dumps, or storage in lagoons. The total dumping area covers over 12,000 ha and this quantity is increasing systematically. The fly ash and slag are produced at a rate of 35 to 220 g for every 1 kWh electricity or heat energy generated, depending on the quality of the burnt coal.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1997
263