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03494 CWM production by low rank coals upgrading
01
So/id fuels (preparation)
CWM production by low rank coals upgrading. 97103494 Shibata, K. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 233244.
Experimental operation for continuous tests have been carried out in a 8.4 t/d pilot plant since December 1994. Two kinds of Indonesian subbituminous coals and an Australian lignite were upgraded and slurried by the end of 1995. Typical pilot test results were better than expected. Furthermore, a subsequent combustion test in a 200 kg/h furnace was also successfully completed, with results showing very good combustibility. This R&D combustion tests on a big burner and gasification test were carried out until March 1996. The test results from the pilot plant so far confirm the validity and economic feasibility of the upgrading and CWM production technology to promote the use of low rank coals. The authors claim this technology has great potential for the production of low cost CWM. Denver tube press-high pressure filtration meets 97193495 coal fines moisture requirements Jonaitis, A. J. and Timberlake, M. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 235-244. Developed for processing difficult-to-dewater materials and to produce a handleable filter cake and clear filtrate product, the DENVER Tube Press is a simple, high pressure filtration unit. Both laboratory and pilot testing conducted in Australia on coal fines have shown that total moisture contents of ~20% are consistently achieved in the final cake products from the Tube Press. Due to uneconomical mechanical dewatering methods, these coal super fines are currently sent to waste. Calculated throughput rates for the 500 Series Tube Press exceeded 1700 kg/h (3750 Ibsih). Depolymerization of low-rank coal by extracellular 97193496 fungal enzyme systems. Part 2. The ligninolytic enzymes of the coal-humic-acid-depolymerizing fungus Nemetoloma frowardii b19 Hofrichter, M. and Fritsche, W. Appi. Microbial. Biotechnol., 1997, 47, (4), 419-424.
cultures of the South American white-rot fungus Nematoloma b19 and four other strains of this ecophysiological group, the production of ligninolytic enzymes was studied. These are able to depolymerize low-rank coal-derived humic acids with the formation of fulvic-acid-like compounds. The fungi produced the three crucial enzymes of lignin degradation: lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and lactase. The observations of this study are presented in detail. In surface
frowardii
Desulfurization of coal using microorganisms. 97193497 Desulfurization of inorganic sulfur Nagauka, T. et al. Eco Ind., 1997, 2, (7), 5-12. (In Japanese) Microbial coal desulfurization is reviewed, including removal of inorganic sulfur species by micro-organism-aided flotation. Described are sulfur species present in coal, micro-organisms useful for coal desulfurization, and principles of micro-organism-aided flotation, where pyrites are coated selectively and made hydrophilic by adsorption with the iron-oxidizing micro-organisms. The method is cost-efficient and also capable of ash removal. DFC coal reclamation system for the plant of future 97193498 for processing clean coal Karsnak, G. and Hoppe, .I. Proc. Int. Tech, Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 223-234. Waste coal recovery, including coal reclamation and cleaning systems, are discussed. These methods include hydrocyclones, dense media cyclones, and oil agglomeration processes. Marketing of reclaimed coal to steel mills for blast furnace injection and coke production is described. The dissolution of minerals from coal with aqueous 97103499 HCI and HF Steel, K. M. et al. Jubilee Res. Event, Two-Day Symp., 1997, 1, 29-32. A low temperature ashing (LTA) procedure was used for carbon oxidization as a method for the preparation of mineral matter from an Australian bituminous. The mineral matter was treated with HCI, at various concentrations, temperature and residence times, and HF at various concentrations. The rates of reaction/dissolution of certain minerals with HCI was slow, preferring higher temperature and longer residence times and a concentration range of lo-19 wt% HCI. The extent of dissolution of mineral matter with HF was greater than for HCI and dissolution increased with an increase in HF concentration This new approach for isolated mineral matter treatment is expected to lead to the development of a chemical model which can have application in the treatment and purification of a wide variety of materials including coal. Dry coal cleaning in a MagMill 97lQ35QQ Feng, Y. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Co@ Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1997, 22, 119129. A dry coal cleaning technology, called the MagMill, has been developed by EXPORTech Company, Inc. (ETCi) as an alternative to wet coal cleaning at the mine mouth. Some of the development effort has been focused on sampling a variety of pulverizers. Three different types of pulverizers (ball, roller, and bowl mill) commonly used by the utility industry have been tested in operation. Results of this testing and preliminary results of magnetic separation of the mill samples are reported.
296
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1997
97103501 Drying units for flotation wastes recovered from a settler Lobanov, A. V. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (12), 32-34. (In Russian) The moisture content of fine coal flotation waste from a settler can be reduced from 28-30 to 10-12 wt% in a 330 kW pilot plant for drying and granulation. The resultant product contains 39.5% particles 3-6 mm and 40% >6 mm and can be used as fuel in coal beneficiation plants.
97lO3502 Economical beneficiation of fine coal by using Reichert spiral and its application to Turkish coals Atesok, G. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Sy.yt., 1993, IX. 517528.
The potential for the application of the Reichert spiral to Turkish coals is discussed. In the first part of the study, nine coal samples, six of them lignites and one bituminous coal collected from seven different locations of Turkey, were studied; their density histograms and optimum separation densities were investigated. In the second part of the study, pilot scale experiments were carried out with Mark 0 type of Reichert spiral with six helical turns on coals taken from Zonguldak, the only bituminous coal area in Turkey, and the characteristic Turkish lignite.
97lO3503 Effect of oxydesulfurization characteristics of coal Yaman, S. and Kuecuekbayrak, S. Thermochim.
on
the
Acta,
combustion
1997, 293, (l-2),
109-115.
A Turkish lignite was desulfurized by oxydesulfurization using dilute alkali solutions, obtained by fly ash extraction with water. This was carried out under O-1.5 MPa partial pressure of oxygen at temperature between 403 and 498 K for 30-90 min intervals. TGA was performed to compare the combustion characteristics of original and desulfurized lignite samples. DTG curves were derived and the effects of desulfurization conditions were studied, taking into account ignition temperature, maximum combustion rate, combustion period, and the end temperature of combustion. The relationship between coal reactivity and sulfur and ash removal were also studied. 97103504 Effects of alkali-metal compound additives on CaO in coal desulfurization Fan, H. et al. Ranshao Kexue Yu Jishu, 1997, 3. (I), IOS-11 I. (In Chinese) Alkali-metal compound additives were studied for their effects on coal desulfurization with CaO at 900-l 100°C. Microscopic structure analysis was used to explain the effects of the additives, derived from the results.
97lO3505 Electrolytic desulfurization of Xiaoyi coals. I. Study on electrolytic systems Liu, X. ef al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (2). 124-129. (In Chinese) The paper examines desulfurization of Xiaoyi coals in different electrolytic systems. The effects of atmosphere and promoters were investigated. NaOH and HzSOd were relatively good systems. Chlorine played an important role in the electrolytic desulfurization of coal but put much damage on coal. It was found that in basic systems, the order of overall reaction to coal is one and the observed activation energy is 41.88 kJ/mol. 97/03506 Electrostatic apparatus for cleaning of coal powder with removal of pyrite, ash, and toxic minerals Brown, D. K. USA U.S. US 5,637,122 (Cl. 44-505; ClOL9/00), 10 Jun 1997, US Appl. 368,497, 3 Jan 1995, 5 pp. Powdered coal cleaning chamber apparatus is described. The electrostatic attraction and the associated separation are optimized by the charging and separation within the low-pressure chamber that promotes outgassing of moisture in the coal feed, as well as preventing disruption of the separation process by turbulence. The coal particles passing above the splitter blade are collected into bins, and injected into a burner unit for firing with decreased ash and impurity by-products.
97103507 Electrostatic coal beneficiation-potential applications and research needs Mills, O., Jr. and Chen, Z.-Y. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993. 18. 577-589.
Mineral impurities and coal matrixes can be charged differently, and thus can be separated when an external electrical field is applied. This is implemented in electrostatic beneficiation. It can work effectively for fine coal particles in the size range of 1 mm x 0. As a dry process, electrostatic separation has many advantages over wet processes, notably the ability to operate in areas where water resources are scarce, and no need for dewatering. Additionally, electrostatic separation has a great potential for offering an alternative to the advanced wet processes for cleaning fine coal, and provides a unique opportunity for treating pulverized coal in power plants. This paper analyses fundamental technical issues in developing this technology and consequently, potential applications such as treating pulverized coal to reduce sulfur and other pollutants for utility application and cleaning of untreated fines in coal preparation plants are identified. The research and development needs for such applications are discussed.
So/id fuels (preparation)
CWM production by low rank coals upgrading. 97103494 Shibata, K. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 233244.
Experimental operation for continuous tests have been carried out in a 8.4 t/d pilot plant since December 1994. Two kinds of Indonesian subbituminous coals and an Australian lignite were upgraded and slurried by the end of 1995. Typical pilot test results were better than expected. Furthermore, a subsequent combustion test in a 200 kg/h furnace was also successfully completed, with results showing very good combustibility. This R&D combustion tests on a big burner and gasification test were carried out until March 1996. The test results from the pilot plant so far confirm the validity and economic feasibility of the upgrading and CWM production technology to promote the use of low rank coals. The authors claim this technology has great potential for the production of low cost CWM. Denver tube press-high pressure filtration meets 97193495 coal fines moisture requirements Jonaitis, A. J. and Timberlake, M. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 235-244. Developed for processing difficult-to-dewater materials and to produce a handleable filter cake and clear filtrate product, the DENVER Tube Press is a simple, high pressure filtration unit. Both laboratory and pilot testing conducted in Australia on coal fines have shown that total moisture contents of ~20% are consistently achieved in the final cake products from the Tube Press. Due to uneconomical mechanical dewatering methods, these coal super fines are currently sent to waste. Calculated throughput rates for the 500 Series Tube Press exceeded 1700 kg/h (3750 Ibsih). Depolymerization of low-rank coal by extracellular 97193496 fungal enzyme systems. Part 2. The ligninolytic enzymes of the coal-humic-acid-depolymerizing fungus Nemetoloma frowardii b19 Hofrichter, M. and Fritsche, W. Appi. Microbial. Biotechnol., 1997, 47, (4), 419-424.
cultures of the South American white-rot fungus Nematoloma b19 and four other strains of this ecophysiological group, the production of ligninolytic enzymes was studied. These are able to depolymerize low-rank coal-derived humic acids with the formation of fulvic-acid-like compounds. The fungi produced the three crucial enzymes of lignin degradation: lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and lactase. The observations of this study are presented in detail. In surface
frowardii
Desulfurization of coal using microorganisms. 97193497 Desulfurization of inorganic sulfur Nagauka, T. et al. Eco Ind., 1997, 2, (7), 5-12. (In Japanese) Microbial coal desulfurization is reviewed, including removal of inorganic sulfur species by micro-organism-aided flotation. Described are sulfur species present in coal, micro-organisms useful for coal desulfurization, and principles of micro-organism-aided flotation, where pyrites are coated selectively and made hydrophilic by adsorption with the iron-oxidizing micro-organisms. The method is cost-efficient and also capable of ash removal. DFC coal reclamation system for the plant of future 97193498 for processing clean coal Karsnak, G. and Hoppe, .I. Proc. Int. Tech, Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 223-234. Waste coal recovery, including coal reclamation and cleaning systems, are discussed. These methods include hydrocyclones, dense media cyclones, and oil agglomeration processes. Marketing of reclaimed coal to steel mills for blast furnace injection and coke production is described. The dissolution of minerals from coal with aqueous 97103499 HCI and HF Steel, K. M. et al. Jubilee Res. Event, Two-Day Symp., 1997, 1, 29-32. A low temperature ashing (LTA) procedure was used for carbon oxidization as a method for the preparation of mineral matter from an Australian bituminous. The mineral matter was treated with HCI, at various concentrations, temperature and residence times, and HF at various concentrations. The rates of reaction/dissolution of certain minerals with HCI was slow, preferring higher temperature and longer residence times and a concentration range of lo-19 wt% HCI. The extent of dissolution of mineral matter with HF was greater than for HCI and dissolution increased with an increase in HF concentration This new approach for isolated mineral matter treatment is expected to lead to the development of a chemical model which can have application in the treatment and purification of a wide variety of materials including coal. Dry coal cleaning in a MagMill 97lQ35QQ Feng, Y. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Co@ Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1997, 22, 119129. A dry coal cleaning technology, called the MagMill, has been developed by EXPORTech Company, Inc. (ETCi) as an alternative to wet coal cleaning at the mine mouth. Some of the development effort has been focused on sampling a variety of pulverizers. Three different types of pulverizers (ball, roller, and bowl mill) commonly used by the utility industry have been tested in operation. Results of this testing and preliminary results of magnetic separation of the mill samples are reported.
296
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1997
97103501 Drying units for flotation wastes recovered from a settler Lobanov, A. V. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (12), 32-34. (In Russian) The moisture content of fine coal flotation waste from a settler can be reduced from 28-30 to 10-12 wt% in a 330 kW pilot plant for drying and granulation. The resultant product contains 39.5% particles 3-6 mm and 40% >6 mm and can be used as fuel in coal beneficiation plants.
97lO3502 Economical beneficiation of fine coal by using Reichert spiral and its application to Turkish coals Atesok, G. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Sy.yt., 1993, IX. 517528.
The potential for the application of the Reichert spiral to Turkish coals is discussed. In the first part of the study, nine coal samples, six of them lignites and one bituminous coal collected from seven different locations of Turkey, were studied; their density histograms and optimum separation densities were investigated. In the second part of the study, pilot scale experiments were carried out with Mark 0 type of Reichert spiral with six helical turns on coals taken from Zonguldak, the only bituminous coal area in Turkey, and the characteristic Turkish lignite.
97lO3503 Effect of oxydesulfurization characteristics of coal Yaman, S. and Kuecuekbayrak, S. Thermochim.
on
the
Acta,
combustion
1997, 293, (l-2),
109-115.
A Turkish lignite was desulfurized by oxydesulfurization using dilute alkali solutions, obtained by fly ash extraction with water. This was carried out under O-1.5 MPa partial pressure of oxygen at temperature between 403 and 498 K for 30-90 min intervals. TGA was performed to compare the combustion characteristics of original and desulfurized lignite samples. DTG curves were derived and the effects of desulfurization conditions were studied, taking into account ignition temperature, maximum combustion rate, combustion period, and the end temperature of combustion. The relationship between coal reactivity and sulfur and ash removal were also studied. 97103504 Effects of alkali-metal compound additives on CaO in coal desulfurization Fan, H. et al. Ranshao Kexue Yu Jishu, 1997, 3. (I), IOS-11 I. (In Chinese) Alkali-metal compound additives were studied for their effects on coal desulfurization with CaO at 900-l 100°C. Microscopic structure analysis was used to explain the effects of the additives, derived from the results.
97lO3505 Electrolytic desulfurization of Xiaoyi coals. I. Study on electrolytic systems Liu, X. ef al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (2). 124-129. (In Chinese) The paper examines desulfurization of Xiaoyi coals in different electrolytic systems. The effects of atmosphere and promoters were investigated. NaOH and HzSOd were relatively good systems. Chlorine played an important role in the electrolytic desulfurization of coal but put much damage on coal. It was found that in basic systems, the order of overall reaction to coal is one and the observed activation energy is 41.88 kJ/mol. 97/03506 Electrostatic apparatus for cleaning of coal powder with removal of pyrite, ash, and toxic minerals Brown, D. K. USA U.S. US 5,637,122 (Cl. 44-505; ClOL9/00), 10 Jun 1997, US Appl. 368,497, 3 Jan 1995, 5 pp. Powdered coal cleaning chamber apparatus is described. The electrostatic attraction and the associated separation are optimized by the charging and separation within the low-pressure chamber that promotes outgassing of moisture in the coal feed, as well as preventing disruption of the separation process by turbulence. The coal particles passing above the splitter blade are collected into bins, and injected into a burner unit for firing with decreased ash and impurity by-products.
97103507 Electrostatic coal beneficiation-potential applications and research needs Mills, O., Jr. and Chen, Z.-Y. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993. 18. 577-589.
Mineral impurities and coal matrixes can be charged differently, and thus can be separated when an external electrical field is applied. This is implemented in electrostatic beneficiation. It can work effectively for fine coal particles in the size range of 1 mm x 0. As a dry process, electrostatic separation has many advantages over wet processes, notably the ability to operate in areas where water resources are scarce, and no need for dewatering. Additionally, electrostatic separation has a great potential for offering an alternative to the advanced wet processes for cleaning fine coal, and provides a unique opportunity for treating pulverized coal in power plants. This paper analyses fundamental technical issues in developing this technology and consequently, potential applications such as treating pulverized coal to reduce sulfur and other pollutants for utility application and cleaning of untreated fines in coal preparation plants are identified. The research and development needs for such applications are discussed.