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03673 Life cycle inventory for cooking. Some results for the use of liquefied petroleum gas and kerosene as cooking fuels in India
02
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
97103670
Critical costs and prices in determining derived alcohol fuel economics
coal
Torries, T. F. and Saymansky, _I. E. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 431-442. Short-term plans for the economic production of alcohol transportation fuels by coal gasification were not found to be feasible. 97103671
CWM production in China and CWM properties in all stages from production to combustion in the World’s first bilateral CWM trade
Yanagimachi, H. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Co@ Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 327-337. The middle-scale production plant of Yanri Coal-Water Mixture (CWM) Co., Ltd. in China, put the CWM product in the distribution system for the first time as a commodity of bilateral trade. In the operation of the CWM chain of more than 1,800 km overall from the Coal Mine up to the end user, the CWM is highly appreciated by the CWM user because of its ease of handling and combustibility, despite some initial problems. While the a full-fledged foundation for demand for energy is ever increasing, international distribution of CWM has been established. This fact will not only contribute to Japan but also to the entire world, for the diversification of energy sources. Rapid progress of CWM as a safe and new form of energy is expected in the future.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
97103677 Utility of coal-water slurry technology in India. Narasimhan, K. S. Proc. Int. Tech. Conj Coal Util. Fuel Syst. 1997. 22, 843-852. In India, the current realization from the 44.000 MW installed thermal power is around 60%. Such low performance arises from the low plant load factor (PLF) of old and small power plants. The poor quality of coal used in such stations is considered a major contributory factor to this low PLF: renovation and modernization of such utilities are therefore necessary. To this end, retrofitting them with one or the other concept of clean coal technologies is addressed. In this paper the options among coal-water slurry (CWS) vis-ri-visIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluid Bed Combustion (PFBC) are examined. CWS technology seems more profitable in terms of the investment and the unit cost of additional power generation compared with other options. The specific investment cost for such a retrofit is far below the green field site capital investment of even for conventional pulverized fuel technology.
Derived Liquid Fuels 97103676
Beneficiated coal slurry fuel with Chinese coal containing high functional groups Zuna, W. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1993, 18, 59l599. Coal from the Shemu mine in China has poor slurry formation ability due to its low rank. Slurryability can be enhanced, however, by deashing this coal to an ash content of 4.5 wt% by heavy medium separation or to an ash content or by two-stage jig separation.
97103672
Evaluation and application of Orimulsion by international combustion LTD
Allen, J. W. and Beal, P. R. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 723-132. In conventional liquid fuel burners, such as in power generation boilers, Orimulsion burns well. However, new burner designs are needed for lowNO, mode for Orimulsion. 97103673
Life cycle inventory for cooking. Some results for the use of liquefied petroleum gas and kerosene as cooking fuels in India Jungbluth, N. et al. EnergyPolicy, 1997, 25, (5), 471-480. One of the most important sectors for the energy consumption in India is the use of energy for cooking. Results of a life cycle inventory are presented for the use of kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas as cooking fuels. The situation in India was investigated through life cycle inventories for the following stages of the life cycle: Extraction of crude oil and natural gas, processing in refineries and fractionating plants, distribution, product transports (including energy imports) and cooking. Environmental impacts are summarized with final calculated ecological profiles for cooking with the two fuels in different cooking scenarios. These results are analysed regarding the origin of the environmental impacts in the life cycle. A direct comparison shows in the majority of the investigated indicators an ecological advantage in the use of liquefied petroleum gas over kerosene. In addition. a reflection on the economic conditions and the social consequences of both life cycles is made.
97103679 Blending high sulfur coal with refuse derived fuel to make SO, comoliant slurrv fuels Klosky, M. anh And&son, C. P;oc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 457-465. Solid municipal garbage and sulfurous lignite co-firing is discussed from the point of view of emission reduction. 97103660
Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over Ru-Mn-W Al2O3 catalysts.
Hussain, S. T. and Atta, M. A. Turk. J. Chem., 1997, 21, (2). 77-83. In the CO hydrogenation reaction, the catalytic behaviour of a series Ru! AlzOz catalysts promoted with various levels of Mn and K prepared by coimpregnation were investigated. Catalytic studies showed that the addttion of Mn enhances the production of Fischer-Tropsch products and K promotion in particular enhances the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons while inhibiting the methanation reaction. The influence of K and Mn on the Fischer-Tropsch product selectivity in CO-hydrogenation studies is discussed in terms of ensemble and electronic effects, and the production of a new surface site. 97103661
Clean power generation resulting from Orimulsion
utilization Quig, R. H. and Woodworth, L. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1997 _ , 22. __,477~5110 - . . Major tests and plant modification studies to determine the cleanliness and competitiveness of various Orimulsion power system applications.
97103674
Performance and economics of co-firing a coal/ waste slurry in advanced fluidized-bed combustion Delallo, M. R. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Uti[. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 183192. To investigate the technical and economic feasibility of co-firing a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor (PFBC) of coal and wastes in a slurry feed a study was carried out. The slurry processing of the coal and sorbent in a combined coalisorbent and waste feed to the combustor was investigated. As an alternative approach to slurry feeding, a sensitivity study of dry feeding of coal, sorbent, and the co-fired wastes was completed. To further enhance the results of this study, performance comparisons were developed for the PFBC without the co-firing of wastes. The waste considered for co-firing was municipal solid waste as a refuse-derived fuel. Conceptual design of a utility scale power plant rated at 2.50 MWe was developed. Heat and material balances were completed and costs determined, including capital costs, operating costs, and cost of electricity.
PowerGen Plc-a commercial user of Orimulsion 97103675 Tombs, R. and Jones, A. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel SW., 1996, 21, 593-605. In order to optimize atomization of Orimulsion, an advanced F jet was developed, enabling the boiler to operate at low excess oxygen levels, minimizing SO1 generation. 97103676
Recent development of CWS combustion technol-
ogy in China Con, K. et 01. Proc. Int. Tech. Conj Coal WI. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 731-739.
97103662
A comparative overview of coal-water slurry fuels produced from waste coal fines for utility-scale co-firing applications
Morrison, J. L. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1997, 22, 131-139. The paper reports properties and preparation methods of coal-water slurry fuels produced from waste coal fines for utility-scale co-firing applications. 97103683
Co-processing coal and natural gas by Hynol process for enhanced methanol production and reduced CO2 emissions Steinberg, M. Proc. Int. Tech. Con& Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1997, 22, 83-94. Coal hydrogasification to methane, steam reforming of natural gas and the methane thus obtained, and methanol synthesis from synthesis gas comprise the Hynol process. The process yields 13% more methanol than the equivalent of two separate processes and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 22%.
97103684 coals
Coal-water slurry fuels based on coking and steam
Slaczka. A. et al. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Slask.. Gorn.. 1996. 231. 499-513. (In Polish) The paper studies the preparation of high concentration coal-water slurry fuels (CWSF), as well as their rheological characteristics. The procedure of slurry preparation is provided; steam and coke coals were used: In addition, combustion tests were performed using a test unit for combustion of fossil and liquid fuels.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 1997 309
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
97103670
Critical costs and prices in determining derived alcohol fuel economics
coal
Torries, T. F. and Saymansky, _I. E. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 431-442. Short-term plans for the economic production of alcohol transportation fuels by coal gasification were not found to be feasible. 97103671
CWM production in China and CWM properties in all stages from production to combustion in the World’s first bilateral CWM trade
Yanagimachi, H. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Co@ Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1993, 18, 327-337. The middle-scale production plant of Yanri Coal-Water Mixture (CWM) Co., Ltd. in China, put the CWM product in the distribution system for the first time as a commodity of bilateral trade. In the operation of the CWM chain of more than 1,800 km overall from the Coal Mine up to the end user, the CWM is highly appreciated by the CWM user because of its ease of handling and combustibility, despite some initial problems. While the a full-fledged foundation for demand for energy is ever increasing, international distribution of CWM has been established. This fact will not only contribute to Japan but also to the entire world, for the diversification of energy sources. Rapid progress of CWM as a safe and new form of energy is expected in the future.
Liquid fuels (derived liquid fuels)
97103677 Utility of coal-water slurry technology in India. Narasimhan, K. S. Proc. Int. Tech. Conj Coal Util. Fuel Syst. 1997. 22, 843-852. In India, the current realization from the 44.000 MW installed thermal power is around 60%. Such low performance arises from the low plant load factor (PLF) of old and small power plants. The poor quality of coal used in such stations is considered a major contributory factor to this low PLF: renovation and modernization of such utilities are therefore necessary. To this end, retrofitting them with one or the other concept of clean coal technologies is addressed. In this paper the options among coal-water slurry (CWS) vis-ri-visIntegrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluid Bed Combustion (PFBC) are examined. CWS technology seems more profitable in terms of the investment and the unit cost of additional power generation compared with other options. The specific investment cost for such a retrofit is far below the green field site capital investment of even for conventional pulverized fuel technology.
Derived Liquid Fuels 97103676
Beneficiated coal slurry fuel with Chinese coal containing high functional groups Zuna, W. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1993, 18, 59l599. Coal from the Shemu mine in China has poor slurry formation ability due to its low rank. Slurryability can be enhanced, however, by deashing this coal to an ash content of 4.5 wt% by heavy medium separation or to an ash content or by two-stage jig separation.
97103672
Evaluation and application of Orimulsion by international combustion LTD
Allen, J. W. and Beal, P. R. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 723-132. In conventional liquid fuel burners, such as in power generation boilers, Orimulsion burns well. However, new burner designs are needed for lowNO, mode for Orimulsion. 97103673
Life cycle inventory for cooking. Some results for the use of liquefied petroleum gas and kerosene as cooking fuels in India Jungbluth, N. et al. EnergyPolicy, 1997, 25, (5), 471-480. One of the most important sectors for the energy consumption in India is the use of energy for cooking. Results of a life cycle inventory are presented for the use of kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas as cooking fuels. The situation in India was investigated through life cycle inventories for the following stages of the life cycle: Extraction of crude oil and natural gas, processing in refineries and fractionating plants, distribution, product transports (including energy imports) and cooking. Environmental impacts are summarized with final calculated ecological profiles for cooking with the two fuels in different cooking scenarios. These results are analysed regarding the origin of the environmental impacts in the life cycle. A direct comparison shows in the majority of the investigated indicators an ecological advantage in the use of liquefied petroleum gas over kerosene. In addition. a reflection on the economic conditions and the social consequences of both life cycles is made.
97103679 Blending high sulfur coal with refuse derived fuel to make SO, comoliant slurrv fuels Klosky, M. anh And&son, C. P;oc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 457-465. Solid municipal garbage and sulfurous lignite co-firing is discussed from the point of view of emission reduction. 97103660
Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over Ru-Mn-W Al2O3 catalysts.
Hussain, S. T. and Atta, M. A. Turk. J. Chem., 1997, 21, (2). 77-83. In the CO hydrogenation reaction, the catalytic behaviour of a series Ru! AlzOz catalysts promoted with various levels of Mn and K prepared by coimpregnation were investigated. Catalytic studies showed that the addttion of Mn enhances the production of Fischer-Tropsch products and K promotion in particular enhances the production of unsaturated hydrocarbons while inhibiting the methanation reaction. The influence of K and Mn on the Fischer-Tropsch product selectivity in CO-hydrogenation studies is discussed in terms of ensemble and electronic effects, and the production of a new surface site. 97103661
Clean power generation resulting from Orimulsion
utilization Quig, R. H. and Woodworth, L. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1997 _ , 22. __,477~5110 - . . Major tests and plant modification studies to determine the cleanliness and competitiveness of various Orimulsion power system applications.
97103674
Performance and economics of co-firing a coal/ waste slurry in advanced fluidized-bed combustion Delallo, M. R. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Uti[. Fuel Syst., 1996, 21, 183192. To investigate the technical and economic feasibility of co-firing a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor (PFBC) of coal and wastes in a slurry feed a study was carried out. The slurry processing of the coal and sorbent in a combined coalisorbent and waste feed to the combustor was investigated. As an alternative approach to slurry feeding, a sensitivity study of dry feeding of coal, sorbent, and the co-fired wastes was completed. To further enhance the results of this study, performance comparisons were developed for the PFBC without the co-firing of wastes. The waste considered for co-firing was municipal solid waste as a refuse-derived fuel. Conceptual design of a utility scale power plant rated at 2.50 MWe was developed. Heat and material balances were completed and costs determined, including capital costs, operating costs, and cost of electricity.
PowerGen Plc-a commercial user of Orimulsion 97103675 Tombs, R. and Jones, A. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. Fuel SW., 1996, 21, 593-605. In order to optimize atomization of Orimulsion, an advanced F jet was developed, enabling the boiler to operate at low excess oxygen levels, minimizing SO1 generation. 97103676
Recent development of CWS combustion technol-
ogy in China Con, K. et 01. Proc. Int. Tech. Conj Coal WI. Fuel Syst., 1995, 20, 731-739.
97103662
A comparative overview of coal-water slurry fuels produced from waste coal fines for utility-scale co-firing applications
Morrison, J. L. et al. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf: Coal Util. Fuel Syst., 1997, 22, 131-139. The paper reports properties and preparation methods of coal-water slurry fuels produced from waste coal fines for utility-scale co-firing applications. 97103683
Co-processing coal and natural gas by Hynol process for enhanced methanol production and reduced CO2 emissions Steinberg, M. Proc. Int. Tech. Con& Coal Util. Fuel Syst.. 1997, 22, 83-94. Coal hydrogasification to methane, steam reforming of natural gas and the methane thus obtained, and methanol synthesis from synthesis gas comprise the Hynol process. The process yields 13% more methanol than the equivalent of two separate processes and reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 22%.
97103684 coals
Coal-water slurry fuels based on coking and steam
Slaczka. A. et al. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Slask.. Gorn.. 1996. 231. 499-513. (In Polish) The paper studies the preparation of high concentration coal-water slurry fuels (CWSF), as well as their rheological characteristics. The procedure of slurry preparation is provided; steam and coke coals were used: In addition, combustion tests were performed using a test unit for combustion of fossil and liquid fuels.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 1997 309