- Email: [email protected]
04153 Coke effluent cracker
15
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
Coal-water
97/04152
safety)
slurry reburning for NO, emissions
control Morrison,
D. K. et al.
Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. hrel Syst., lY95, 20,
47-58. Several
natural gas reburning systems have been designed, installed and tested by the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) for NO, control. Coal reburning has also been studied and demonstrated by ethers. Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) reburning offers the potential for significant cost reduction in NO, control. This paper describes the retrofit application of coal-water slurry as a reburn fuel in a pulverized coal fired utility boiler. A comparative analysis is provided with respect to boiler performance and combustion efficiency between the proposed CWS reburn fuel and the demonstrated natural gas/coal reburn fuels. The paper makes an economic evaluation of the capital and operating cost of a typical utility boiler.
Coke effluent cracker 97104153 McAteer, J. and Antill, .I. Chem. Eng., 1997, 635, 33-36. A steel plant operates a coking plant at Oxelosund, Stockholm, Sweden, as part of its integrated steel operation. Gases produced during coking contain many pollutants which are removed in the gas purification plant, which generates effluent. A volume of -183 000 m’/yr of wastewater is produced during gas purification. It contains these pollutants: COD, phenol, CN(total and free), NH3 (total and free), and thiocyanate. Nitrification/ denitrification treatment upgrades were added to the existing activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. Combined desuifurization, denitrification and re97104154 duction of air toxics using activated coke-l. Activity of activated coke Tsuji, K. and Shiraishi, 1. Fuel, 1997, 76, (6), 549-553. The dual action of activated coke (AC), both as an adsorbent for SO, and air toxic materials and as a catalyst for NO, reduction in flue gas treatment, is described. Two types of DENOX reaction (SCR and non-SCR) can proceed over AC. Used AC shows 80-85% NO, removal efficiency, which is much greater than that of the fresh material. Used AC has a higher adsorption capacity for Hg(0) vapour adsorption than fresh AC, demonstrating the effect of the surface functionality of AC.
Combined desuifurization, denitrification and re97104155 duction of air toxics using activated coke: 2. Process applications and performance of activated coke Tsuji, K. and Shiraishi, I. Fuel, 1997, 76, (6), 555-560. Flue gas clean-up has experienced the application of the combined DeSOxDeNOx-air toxics removal process using activated coke (AC). Schematic process flow diagrams and AC performance data in DeSOx, DeNOx and air toxics removal in test plants are presented and discussed in this paper, for comparison with the basic laboratory test data presented in Part one.
97104156 Comparison of COP removal systems for fossiifuelied power plant processes Goettlicher, G. and Pruschek, R. Energy Convers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996). S173-S178. A survey has been prepared comprising a data collection of around 60 variants of power plants with COz removal. For better comparison, the efficiencies were computed for a standardized CO2 pressure. Thermodynamic cycles and CO2 separation techniques are described. In addition, a literature database regarding general aspects of CO2 emissions was compiled. If coal is to be used, the IGCC combined with CO shift conversion and physical absorption was found to be the most appropriate option which could be built on the basis of today’s technology In the longterm, further progress in membrane separation and in high-temperature fuel cells could improve efficiency and economy.
97104157 Complex approach to the issue of decreasing occupational diseases during stripping of thin and extremely thin layers of coal at Eastern Donbass mines Reznik, Nauki,
L. A.
et al.
1995, (l-2),
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. 76-78. (In Russian)
Zaved.,
Sev. Kauk.
Reg., Tekh.
Dust composition and exposure and technical measures for exposure control are discussed as issues related to prevention of fibrosis among coal miners.
Compressed natural gas vehicles: motoring to97104158 wards a cleaner Beijing Yang, M. et al. Applied Energy, 1997, 56, (3/4), 395-405 The state-of-the-art of compressed natural gas (CNG) technologies is reported and the market prospects for CNG vehicles in Beijing is assessed. An analysis of the natural gas resource supply for fleet vehicles follows. The costs and benefits of establishing natural gas filling stations and promoting the development of vehicle technology are evaluated. The quantity of GHG reduction is calculated. The objective of the paper is to provide information of transfer niche of CNG vehicle and equipment production in Beijing. This paper argues that the development of CNG vehicles is a cost-effective strategy for mitigating both local air pollution and GHG.
350
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 1997
Control of the emissions of transportation stationary diesel engines
97104159
and
Levendis, Y. A. Proc. Inl. Tech. Conf. Coal Ml. Fuel Sysr., 1996, 21, l23132. It is possible to reduce all diesel engine emissions by a novel exhaust aftertreatment system. It uses high-efficiency ceramic filter elements and filtered exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to control particulate and NO, emissions. Aerodynamic regeneration of the filters takes place periodically. Since the filtration system is maintained at moderate temperature at all times, condensation of volatile hydrocarbons on soot is promoted. Results from extensive road-testing of various configurations of such systems showed that soot filtration efficiencies >99% can be achieved. In addition, volatile hydrocarbon reductions >SO% are feasible by condensation and 50% reduction of NO, can be obtained with 20% EGR. Additional benefits include ash and S04*- capture. To accommodate different engine sizes, a multi-module system is proposed. Upon regeneration, soot is collected in a separate chamber where it is incinerated, or periodically removed by a vacuum
system.
97104160 Current state and development of thermal sewage sludge disposal B. and Wiebusch, B. &welt-Tech&. Akrrrell, lYY7, 8, (2). 66, 68. 75-79. (In German) The current state of thermal sewage sludge disposal is addressed. Topics include dewatering and drying of sewage sludge, a mono-sewage sludge combustion plant, comparison of different firing systems. co-combustion in garbage combustion plants, co-combustion in coal power stations, development of alternative sewage sludge processes and a summary of the current state, costs, and energetic utilization of sewage sludge.
Johnke,
70, 72, 74-76,
97104161 Design and development of high performance gasliquid membrane contactors for SOz and NO, removal from flue gases Rogut, J. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Ml. Fuel Sysr.. 1996. 21, X7-98. This paper addresses gas-liquid membrane contactor processes related to coal energy technology applications, particularly new membrane contactor design. Topics discussed include: absorbers for flue gas clean-up; membrane contacting devices; radial flow hollow fibre gas-liquid membrane contactor; technological implications; membrane contactor costs; chemical basis of absorption processes; and comparison of radial flow hollow fibre membrane contactor with other designs.
97104162 Desulfurization in reducing atmosphere and ammonia injection denitrification in a coal-fired fluidized bed combustor with fly-ash recycle Zhong, Z. et al. J. Therm. Sci., 1997, 6, (l), 75-79. The authors state that the rising of IGCC and the second generation PFBCCC, and with the development of staged combustion technology to lower NO, emission, the desulfurization efficiency under reducing atmosphere is raised. With the application of the fly-ash recycling and two-stage combustion technologies in a fluidized bed combustor, the desulfurization test under reducing atmosphere is described. An ammonia injection test was also conducted. 97104163 Detection of ras P21 and P53 proteins in serum of the lung cancer patients exposed to indoor coal-burning pollution with western blotting Li, J. et al. Weisheng Yanjiu, 1996, 25, (6). 348-350. (In Chinese) In 19 lung cancer patients and 22 non-lung cancer persons who were exposed to indoor coal-burning pollution, and in I9 control subjects, the serum ras P21 and P53 proteins were detected with western blotting. The contents of serum P21 and P53 proteins in the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. There were six positive samples in the lung cancer group (either P21 and P53) and two in the non-lung cancer group (P21). It was suggested that the serum P21 and P53 proteins may be the important biomarkers of lung cancer related to environmental carcinogen exposure. The applicable conditions and the advantages/ disadvantages of the enzyme linked immuno-dotting and western blotting were discussed.
97104164 Determination of aiiphatic and aromatic compounds in aerosols collected at two semi-rural stations in Majorca (Spain) F. et al. 1. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Environ. Sci. Subst. Control, 1997, A32, (5), 1415-1433. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in aerosols collected at two semi-rural stations on the island of Majorca, Spain were studied. Twenty-seven aliphatic hydrocarbons, ranging from CIK to Ceh, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons recommended by USEPA with the only the substitution of acenaphthyiene by benzo(e)-pyrene were studied. Results showed most aliphatic hydrocarbons (Cgh-C4s) originated from one common, probably biogenic, sources, since the value of the carbon preference index for the two stations was close to unity. Several common sources were also observed for PAH, which were identified as vehicles, wood and coal soots, residential furnaces, and coal combustion. Bauxa de Mirabo,
Eng. Toxic Hazard.
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
Coal-water
97/04152
safety)
slurry reburning for NO, emissions
control Morrison,
D. K. et al.
Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Util. hrel Syst., lY95, 20,
47-58. Several
natural gas reburning systems have been designed, installed and tested by the Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) for NO, control. Coal reburning has also been studied and demonstrated by ethers. Coal-Water Slurry (CWS) reburning offers the potential for significant cost reduction in NO, control. This paper describes the retrofit application of coal-water slurry as a reburn fuel in a pulverized coal fired utility boiler. A comparative analysis is provided with respect to boiler performance and combustion efficiency between the proposed CWS reburn fuel and the demonstrated natural gas/coal reburn fuels. The paper makes an economic evaluation of the capital and operating cost of a typical utility boiler.
Coke effluent cracker 97104153 McAteer, J. and Antill, .I. Chem. Eng., 1997, 635, 33-36. A steel plant operates a coking plant at Oxelosund, Stockholm, Sweden, as part of its integrated steel operation. Gases produced during coking contain many pollutants which are removed in the gas purification plant, which generates effluent. A volume of -183 000 m’/yr of wastewater is produced during gas purification. It contains these pollutants: COD, phenol, CN(total and free), NH3 (total and free), and thiocyanate. Nitrification/ denitrification treatment upgrades were added to the existing activated sludge wastewater treatment plant. Combined desuifurization, denitrification and re97104154 duction of air toxics using activated coke-l. Activity of activated coke Tsuji, K. and Shiraishi, 1. Fuel, 1997, 76, (6), 549-553. The dual action of activated coke (AC), both as an adsorbent for SO, and air toxic materials and as a catalyst for NO, reduction in flue gas treatment, is described. Two types of DENOX reaction (SCR and non-SCR) can proceed over AC. Used AC shows 80-85% NO, removal efficiency, which is much greater than that of the fresh material. Used AC has a higher adsorption capacity for Hg(0) vapour adsorption than fresh AC, demonstrating the effect of the surface functionality of AC.
Combined desuifurization, denitrification and re97104155 duction of air toxics using activated coke: 2. Process applications and performance of activated coke Tsuji, K. and Shiraishi, I. Fuel, 1997, 76, (6), 555-560. Flue gas clean-up has experienced the application of the combined DeSOxDeNOx-air toxics removal process using activated coke (AC). Schematic process flow diagrams and AC performance data in DeSOx, DeNOx and air toxics removal in test plants are presented and discussed in this paper, for comparison with the basic laboratory test data presented in Part one.
97104156 Comparison of COP removal systems for fossiifuelied power plant processes Goettlicher, G. and Pruschek, R. Energy Convers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996). S173-S178. A survey has been prepared comprising a data collection of around 60 variants of power plants with COz removal. For better comparison, the efficiencies were computed for a standardized CO2 pressure. Thermodynamic cycles and CO2 separation techniques are described. In addition, a literature database regarding general aspects of CO2 emissions was compiled. If coal is to be used, the IGCC combined with CO shift conversion and physical absorption was found to be the most appropriate option which could be built on the basis of today’s technology In the longterm, further progress in membrane separation and in high-temperature fuel cells could improve efficiency and economy.
97104157 Complex approach to the issue of decreasing occupational diseases during stripping of thin and extremely thin layers of coal at Eastern Donbass mines Reznik, Nauki,
L. A.
et al.
1995, (l-2),
Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. 76-78. (In Russian)
Zaved.,
Sev. Kauk.
Reg., Tekh.
Dust composition and exposure and technical measures for exposure control are discussed as issues related to prevention of fibrosis among coal miners.
Compressed natural gas vehicles: motoring to97104158 wards a cleaner Beijing Yang, M. et al. Applied Energy, 1997, 56, (3/4), 395-405 The state-of-the-art of compressed natural gas (CNG) technologies is reported and the market prospects for CNG vehicles in Beijing is assessed. An analysis of the natural gas resource supply for fleet vehicles follows. The costs and benefits of establishing natural gas filling stations and promoting the development of vehicle technology are evaluated. The quantity of GHG reduction is calculated. The objective of the paper is to provide information of transfer niche of CNG vehicle and equipment production in Beijing. This paper argues that the development of CNG vehicles is a cost-effective strategy for mitigating both local air pollution and GHG.
350
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September 1997
Control of the emissions of transportation stationary diesel engines
97104159
and
Levendis, Y. A. Proc. Inl. Tech. Conf. Coal Ml. Fuel Sysr., 1996, 21, l23132. It is possible to reduce all diesel engine emissions by a novel exhaust aftertreatment system. It uses high-efficiency ceramic filter elements and filtered exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to control particulate and NO, emissions. Aerodynamic regeneration of the filters takes place periodically. Since the filtration system is maintained at moderate temperature at all times, condensation of volatile hydrocarbons on soot is promoted. Results from extensive road-testing of various configurations of such systems showed that soot filtration efficiencies >99% can be achieved. In addition, volatile hydrocarbon reductions >SO% are feasible by condensation and 50% reduction of NO, can be obtained with 20% EGR. Additional benefits include ash and S04*- capture. To accommodate different engine sizes, a multi-module system is proposed. Upon regeneration, soot is collected in a separate chamber where it is incinerated, or periodically removed by a vacuum
system.
97104160 Current state and development of thermal sewage sludge disposal B. and Wiebusch, B. &welt-Tech&. Akrrrell, lYY7, 8, (2). 66, 68. 75-79. (In German) The current state of thermal sewage sludge disposal is addressed. Topics include dewatering and drying of sewage sludge, a mono-sewage sludge combustion plant, comparison of different firing systems. co-combustion in garbage combustion plants, co-combustion in coal power stations, development of alternative sewage sludge processes and a summary of the current state, costs, and energetic utilization of sewage sludge.
Johnke,
70, 72, 74-76,
97104161 Design and development of high performance gasliquid membrane contactors for SOz and NO, removal from flue gases Rogut, J. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Coal Ml. Fuel Sysr.. 1996. 21, X7-98. This paper addresses gas-liquid membrane contactor processes related to coal energy technology applications, particularly new membrane contactor design. Topics discussed include: absorbers for flue gas clean-up; membrane contacting devices; radial flow hollow fibre gas-liquid membrane contactor; technological implications; membrane contactor costs; chemical basis of absorption processes; and comparison of radial flow hollow fibre membrane contactor with other designs.
97104162 Desulfurization in reducing atmosphere and ammonia injection denitrification in a coal-fired fluidized bed combustor with fly-ash recycle Zhong, Z. et al. J. Therm. Sci., 1997, 6, (l), 75-79. The authors state that the rising of IGCC and the second generation PFBCCC, and with the development of staged combustion technology to lower NO, emission, the desulfurization efficiency under reducing atmosphere is raised. With the application of the fly-ash recycling and two-stage combustion technologies in a fluidized bed combustor, the desulfurization test under reducing atmosphere is described. An ammonia injection test was also conducted. 97104163 Detection of ras P21 and P53 proteins in serum of the lung cancer patients exposed to indoor coal-burning pollution with western blotting Li, J. et al. Weisheng Yanjiu, 1996, 25, (6). 348-350. (In Chinese) In 19 lung cancer patients and 22 non-lung cancer persons who were exposed to indoor coal-burning pollution, and in I9 control subjects, the serum ras P21 and P53 proteins were detected with western blotting. The contents of serum P21 and P53 proteins in the lung cancer group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. There were six positive samples in the lung cancer group (either P21 and P53) and two in the non-lung cancer group (P21). It was suggested that the serum P21 and P53 proteins may be the important biomarkers of lung cancer related to environmental carcinogen exposure. The applicable conditions and the advantages/ disadvantages of the enzyme linked immuno-dotting and western blotting were discussed.
97104164 Determination of aiiphatic and aromatic compounds in aerosols collected at two semi-rural stations in Majorca (Spain) F. et al. 1. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Environ. Sci. Subst. Control, 1997, A32, (5), 1415-1433. Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in aerosols collected at two semi-rural stations on the island of Majorca, Spain were studied. Twenty-seven aliphatic hydrocarbons, ranging from CIK to Ceh, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons recommended by USEPA with the only the substitution of acenaphthyiene by benzo(e)-pyrene were studied. Results showed most aliphatic hydrocarbons (Cgh-C4s) originated from one common, probably biogenic, sources, since the value of the carbon preference index for the two stations was close to unity. Several common sources were also observed for PAH, which were identified as vehicles, wood and coal soots, residential furnaces, and coal combustion. Bauxa de Mirabo,
Eng. Toxic Hazard.