- Email: [email protected]
04486 Structural and thermoplastic modifications of weathered coals and their relation to coke structure
07
Potassium-containing 97104476 duction of NO
briquetted
coal
for the
re-
Garcia-Garcia, A. ef N[. Ful. lYY7, 76. (6), 4YY-SOS. Potassium-containing activated carbons and briquettes fabricated from a bituminous coal were studied concerning their NO reduction properties. Samples with different potassium contents were produced via partial washing of KOH activated carbons. Briquetting with a hinder containing also allowed carbons with potassium. at different hinder/coal ratios, different potassium contents to be obtained. The NO-carbon reaction was studied with a fixed-bed flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in two types of experiment: (1) isothermal reaction at 300-600 C; (2) temperatureprogrammed reaction (TPR) in an NO-He mixture. The reaction products acts as a catalyst for the NO-carbon were monitored. The potassium reaction. Therefore. the briquettes are active for NO reduction with the advantage of being produced by a much simpler process with no KOH consumption and no washing process. Furthermore, they can he moulded in the desired form with appreciable mechanical strength. The final potassium loadin< controls the capacity of the potassium-carbon snmplcs for NO reduction. The reduction of NO hy the potassium-containing briquettes is enhanced by the pre\rnce of oxygen.
Preheating method of coal 97104477 Amamoto. K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.227,X75 [Y7,227,8753 (Cl. ClOBS7110). 2 Sep 1007, Appl. Y6/.56,Xh 2, 19 Feh 1906, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A coal preheating method for the manufacture of metallurgical coke comprlser contacting the coal with a heating gas for heat exchange. The following condition\ arc also utisfied: (a) concurrent contact of the coal with the heating gas flow. (h) control of 0 concentration ~3% in the heating gas, (c) maintain of tar in the heating gas in the gasification state, and (d) coal temperature at 34%4OO’C during the heat exchange. The preheating method can further comprise carrying out the contacting under pressurized condition. 97104478
activated
Preparation and performance of the briquette carbon based on bituminous coal
type
Kim, S. C. ef ul. .I. /ITS. EIIR. C‘lren~icul, lY97, 3. (3), 21X-222. The effect of pre-treatment on the preparation of activated carbon was investigated with bituminous coal-hahcd activated carbon prepared in a rotary kiln furnace. A manufacturing process using steam as the activation agent was rmplo,yed. The flow rate of the activation agent (steam) was found to have significant influence on the development of the porous network of the hriquctte-type activated carbon. Furthermore, activation temperature affected the propcrtics of activated carbon. In the activation temperature range of X00-000 ‘C, the adsorption capacity, or iodine value, was increased, yet the opposite was true at temperatures >YOO‘C. The optimum activation time and steam amount were 240 min and I g steam/g coal-h. respectively.
Preparation of coal slurries for coking 97104479 Nikitin, I. N. @I Ukr., 1997, (2-3). 31-34. (In Russian) The coking characteristics of ultrafine coals can he improved flocculatitrn.
with selective
Pretreatment of coal for blast-furnace cokes 97104480 Komaki. I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 03,458 [Y7 03,45X] (Cl. CIOBS7/10). 7 Jan 1097, Appt. YS/149,XYO, 16 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Prior to coking, preliminary drying and agglomeration is carried out. The process comprises drying to show water content 0.2-2.7%, classification to give co.3 mm fine powder coal, adding 3-S wt% tar and/or tar slags, and shaping by rollers having grooves on surfaces. Resulting products prevent dust generation in coking ovens. 97104401
Process
for operation
of a wastewater-free
Solid fuels (derived so/id fuels)
materials from the coal to form char and sufficient to mobilize at least a portion of high end volatile materials within the char and at least partially collapse micropores within the char. The char is then cooled to a temperature sufficient to demobilize the volatile materials within the at least partially collapsed micropores of the char to pyrolytically parsivatc the char. The char is then conveyed to a reaction vessel wherein a process gas having -3%21% hy volume oxygen flows through the reaction vessel to oxidatively passivate the coal by chemisorption of oxygen. The oxidatively passivated char is then substantially simultaneously rehydratrd and cooled to form a char having -S-IO wt% moisture and then conveyed to a final paasivation vessel wherein a process gas having -3-2 I’ S by volume oxygen flows through the vessel to finally passivute the rehydratrd char by chemisorption of oxygen.
97104483
Processing
of coal treatment
wastes
in Vorkuta
Prikhodko. Yu. and Nifontov, Yu. C&l. Chklrim. Chycci~ Kqxih. IYY6, (l-2). 135-130. (In Russian) Technology for manufacturing briquettes from coal preparation wastes in Vorkuta can he chosen with reference to theoretical investigations and actual experience. The use of bitumen. pitch. cement or lignosulfonatrs as hinders was studied. Possibility of preliminary semi-coking of the waste was also considered. The technique hased on lignosulfonate proved most suitable under local conditions. Design work i\ under way for an experimental hriquettlng plant of 72.t)OO ton/year capacity.
97104484
Reduce the impact of coke fines on delayed
cokers
Stcfani. A. H,tlrocarho~! Procer.v.. Iur. Erl.. lYY7, 76. (X). I IO-I 13. The production of coke fines is significantly detrimental to the operation of delayed cokers. and i\ the primary contrlhutor to the high maintenance coats associated with these units. Coke fines are generated in the coke drum and. as a natural part of the process. cannot he eliminated. Howcvcr. operation can he improved by controlling the quantity and impact of the fines generated.
97104485 Stength test apparatus of coke strength
of coke and automatic
tester
Sate. A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY.236.SY7 [Y7,23h,SY7] (Cl. GOIN33I22). [J Scp 1997, Appt. Yhi42.963. 29 Feh IYYh, X pp. (In Japanese) A Tumbler tester tests coke strength. It consist\ of a cylindrical drum with cover for containing the coke sample and a rotational means around the axle center of the cylindrical drum comprises an opening part with a cover having the same width along longitudinal direction of the outer surface of the cylindrical drum, a movable arm for closing and opening the cover to the opening part, a crank shaft for moving the arm, a crank arm connected with the crank shaft, and an actuator for moving the crank arm.
97104466 weathered
Structural and thermoplastic modifications coals and their relation to coke structure
of
Casal. M. D. et nl. D(;MK Tafiu~rher.. lY97. Y702, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume I), 373-376. Seven hituminous coals of different origin. rank, and thermoplastic properties, used for industrial coking blends preparation, were studied by Gieseler plastometry and FTIR spectroscopy to examine their weathering hehaviour. Depending on the nature of the coking coal. a different response rate to natural weathering was found. The results indicated that there is a direct link between the decrease in methylene groups. the loss of plasticity of the weathered coals, and the anisotropy of the metallurgical cokes produced at semi-industrial scale.
coking
plant
97104487
Eisenhut, W. and Orywal, F. Comrn. Eur. Comn~ururus. /Rep./ EUR, 1996, (EUR 15236), 124 pp. (In German) The efficiency of wastewater-free operation of a coking plant, including electrostatic tar precipitator and cooler is discussed. The efficiency of the electrostatic tar precipitator was very good with respect to tarry droplets and ammonium salts. Consequently, from cooler I-after a short sedimentation period-a condensate resulted with less than I00 mg NH?fix/l and only 20-30 mg/l suspended solids. The concentration of NH7 free was remarkably low. too. and the operation of an ammonia-still was consequently not necessary. Blocking of cooler II was avoided by tar irrigation. Contrary to expectations a ratio of I:30 could he obtained without influencing the tar/water separation. Extraction of condensate with benzol results in a remarkahle reduction of higher molecular compounds in the surplus water, however, this process step should be subject to final optimization. Solids filtration, metallurgical aspects of corrosion resistance, and economics of the process are also discussed.
Osorio, E. and Vilela, A. C. F. IICMK Taau?lgsher., 1007. 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 669-672. Coal addition in an industrial coal hlend was uyed to study the technical viability of the use of Southern Brazilian coals to coke making. The properties of cokes. produced in a pilot-scale oven, were evaluated and correlated to their structure. The mechanical strength showed a slight decrease, detected only in the DI,s”” drum testing. The influence of the Brazilian coal on coke is mainly revealed hy an increase in coke reactivity and a consequent decrease in CSR (strength after reaction), induced by the augmented proportion of inert and isotropic textures of the cokes.
97104482
passivated
Process char
for
treating
non-caking
coal
to
form
Rinker. F. G. er rrl. U.S. US S,hOl,h92 (Cl. 201-Y; CIOLYIIO), II Feh lYY7, Appl. 565,X.51, I Dee 19YS. 8 pp. Prehenth a continuous process for treating a non-caking coal to form stable char. The coal is dried to remove moisture and then pyrolysed by progressively heating substantially all of the coal to a temperature. The temperature must he sufficient to vaporize and remove low end volatile
Use of a low-rank
Brazilian
coal for coke making
97104488 X-ray and microscopy investigations on the catalytic carbonization of coal tar pitch-petroleum coke benchscale anodes Xue, J. er ul. I_;& Mcr., lYY7, 535-541. Sulfur, AIF? and FeZCPZ(C0)4 additions in the bench-scale carbon anodes baked up to 900 C or 106O’C increase the coke yield of pitch hinder. The L, values obtained at SSO’C are equivalent to or even higher than those with the pure carbons at OOO’C or IO60 C’, indicating a higher degree of carbonization ohtainahlc at lower baking temperature with the catalysts. The majority of pores are formed at temperature below 550 C for all of the anode carhona. The porosity decreases with the AIF addition. while it increases with the sulfur and FeZCP2(CO)d. No significant difference hetween resistivity hoth in the presence and the ah\ence of the additions.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
389
Potassium-containing 97104476 duction of NO
briquetted
coal
for the
re-
Garcia-Garcia, A. ef N[. Ful. lYY7, 76. (6), 4YY-SOS. Potassium-containing activated carbons and briquettes fabricated from a bituminous coal were studied concerning their NO reduction properties. Samples with different potassium contents were produced via partial washing of KOH activated carbons. Briquetting with a hinder containing also allowed carbons with potassium. at different hinder/coal ratios, different potassium contents to be obtained. The NO-carbon reaction was studied with a fixed-bed flow reactor at atmospheric pressure in two types of experiment: (1) isothermal reaction at 300-600 C; (2) temperatureprogrammed reaction (TPR) in an NO-He mixture. The reaction products acts as a catalyst for the NO-carbon were monitored. The potassium reaction. Therefore. the briquettes are active for NO reduction with the advantage of being produced by a much simpler process with no KOH consumption and no washing process. Furthermore, they can he moulded in the desired form with appreciable mechanical strength. The final potassium loadin< controls the capacity of the potassium-carbon snmplcs for NO reduction. The reduction of NO hy the potassium-containing briquettes is enhanced by the pre\rnce of oxygen.
Preheating method of coal 97104477 Amamoto. K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09.227,X75 [Y7,227,8753 (Cl. ClOBS7110). 2 Sep 1007, Appl. Y6/.56,Xh 2, 19 Feh 1906, 6 pp. (In Japanese) A coal preheating method for the manufacture of metallurgical coke comprlser contacting the coal with a heating gas for heat exchange. The following condition\ arc also utisfied: (a) concurrent contact of the coal with the heating gas flow. (h) control of 0 concentration ~3% in the heating gas, (c) maintain of tar in the heating gas in the gasification state, and (d) coal temperature at 34%4OO’C during the heat exchange. The preheating method can further comprise carrying out the contacting under pressurized condition. 97104478
activated
Preparation and performance of the briquette carbon based on bituminous coal
type
Kim, S. C. ef ul. .I. /ITS. EIIR. C‘lren~icul, lY97, 3. (3), 21X-222. The effect of pre-treatment on the preparation of activated carbon was investigated with bituminous coal-hahcd activated carbon prepared in a rotary kiln furnace. A manufacturing process using steam as the activation agent was rmplo,yed. The flow rate of the activation agent (steam) was found to have significant influence on the development of the porous network of the hriquctte-type activated carbon. Furthermore, activation temperature affected the propcrtics of activated carbon. In the activation temperature range of X00-000 ‘C, the adsorption capacity, or iodine value, was increased, yet the opposite was true at temperatures >YOO‘C. The optimum activation time and steam amount were 240 min and I g steam/g coal-h. respectively.
Preparation of coal slurries for coking 97104479 Nikitin, I. N. @I Ukr., 1997, (2-3). 31-34. (In Russian) The coking characteristics of ultrafine coals can he improved flocculatitrn.
with selective
Pretreatment of coal for blast-furnace cokes 97104480 Komaki. I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 03,458 [Y7 03,45X] (Cl. CIOBS7/10). 7 Jan 1097, Appt. YS/149,XYO, 16 Jun 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Prior to coking, preliminary drying and agglomeration is carried out. The process comprises drying to show water content 0.2-2.7%, classification to give co.3 mm fine powder coal, adding 3-S wt% tar and/or tar slags, and shaping by rollers having grooves on surfaces. Resulting products prevent dust generation in coking ovens. 97104401
Process
for operation
of a wastewater-free
Solid fuels (derived so/id fuels)
materials from the coal to form char and sufficient to mobilize at least a portion of high end volatile materials within the char and at least partially collapse micropores within the char. The char is then cooled to a temperature sufficient to demobilize the volatile materials within the at least partially collapsed micropores of the char to pyrolytically parsivatc the char. The char is then conveyed to a reaction vessel wherein a process gas having -3%21% hy volume oxygen flows through the reaction vessel to oxidatively passivate the coal by chemisorption of oxygen. The oxidatively passivated char is then substantially simultaneously rehydratrd and cooled to form a char having -S-IO wt% moisture and then conveyed to a final paasivation vessel wherein a process gas having -3-2 I’ S by volume oxygen flows through the vessel to finally passivute the rehydratrd char by chemisorption of oxygen.
97104483
Processing
of coal treatment
wastes
in Vorkuta
Prikhodko. Yu. and Nifontov, Yu. C&l. Chklrim. Chycci~ Kqxih. IYY6, (l-2). 135-130. (In Russian) Technology for manufacturing briquettes from coal preparation wastes in Vorkuta can he chosen with reference to theoretical investigations and actual experience. The use of bitumen. pitch. cement or lignosulfonatrs as hinders was studied. Possibility of preliminary semi-coking of the waste was also considered. The technique hased on lignosulfonate proved most suitable under local conditions. Design work i\ under way for an experimental hriquettlng plant of 72.t)OO ton/year capacity.
97104484
Reduce the impact of coke fines on delayed
cokers
Stcfani. A. H,tlrocarho~! Procer.v.. Iur. Erl.. lYY7, 76. (X). I IO-I 13. The production of coke fines is significantly detrimental to the operation of delayed cokers. and i\ the primary contrlhutor to the high maintenance coats associated with these units. Coke fines are generated in the coke drum and. as a natural part of the process. cannot he eliminated. Howcvcr. operation can he improved by controlling the quantity and impact of the fines generated.
97104485 Stength test apparatus of coke strength
of coke and automatic
tester
Sate. A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP OY.236.SY7 [Y7,23h,SY7] (Cl. GOIN33I22). [J Scp 1997, Appt. Yhi42.963. 29 Feh IYYh, X pp. (In Japanese) A Tumbler tester tests coke strength. It consist\ of a cylindrical drum with cover for containing the coke sample and a rotational means around the axle center of the cylindrical drum comprises an opening part with a cover having the same width along longitudinal direction of the outer surface of the cylindrical drum, a movable arm for closing and opening the cover to the opening part, a crank shaft for moving the arm, a crank arm connected with the crank shaft, and an actuator for moving the crank arm.
97104466 weathered
Structural and thermoplastic modifications coals and their relation to coke structure
of
Casal. M. D. et nl. D(;MK Tafiu~rher.. lY97. Y702, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume I), 373-376. Seven hituminous coals of different origin. rank, and thermoplastic properties, used for industrial coking blends preparation, were studied by Gieseler plastometry and FTIR spectroscopy to examine their weathering hehaviour. Depending on the nature of the coking coal. a different response rate to natural weathering was found. The results indicated that there is a direct link between the decrease in methylene groups. the loss of plasticity of the weathered coals, and the anisotropy of the metallurgical cokes produced at semi-industrial scale.
coking
plant
97104487
Eisenhut, W. and Orywal, F. Comrn. Eur. Comn~ururus. /Rep./ EUR, 1996, (EUR 15236), 124 pp. (In German) The efficiency of wastewater-free operation of a coking plant, including electrostatic tar precipitator and cooler is discussed. The efficiency of the electrostatic tar precipitator was very good with respect to tarry droplets and ammonium salts. Consequently, from cooler I-after a short sedimentation period-a condensate resulted with less than I00 mg NH?fix/l and only 20-30 mg/l suspended solids. The concentration of NH7 free was remarkably low. too. and the operation of an ammonia-still was consequently not necessary. Blocking of cooler II was avoided by tar irrigation. Contrary to expectations a ratio of I:30 could he obtained without influencing the tar/water separation. Extraction of condensate with benzol results in a remarkahle reduction of higher molecular compounds in the surplus water, however, this process step should be subject to final optimization. Solids filtration, metallurgical aspects of corrosion resistance, and economics of the process are also discussed.
Osorio, E. and Vilela, A. C. F. IICMK Taau?lgsher., 1007. 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 669-672. Coal addition in an industrial coal hlend was uyed to study the technical viability of the use of Southern Brazilian coals to coke making. The properties of cokes. produced in a pilot-scale oven, were evaluated and correlated to their structure. The mechanical strength showed a slight decrease, detected only in the DI,s”” drum testing. The influence of the Brazilian coal on coke is mainly revealed hy an increase in coke reactivity and a consequent decrease in CSR (strength after reaction), induced by the augmented proportion of inert and isotropic textures of the cokes.
97104482
passivated
Process char
for
treating
non-caking
coal
to
form
Rinker. F. G. er rrl. U.S. US S,hOl,h92 (Cl. 201-Y; CIOLYIIO), II Feh lYY7, Appl. 565,X.51, I Dee 19YS. 8 pp. Prehenth a continuous process for treating a non-caking coal to form stable char. The coal is dried to remove moisture and then pyrolysed by progressively heating substantially all of the coal to a temperature. The temperature must he sufficient to vaporize and remove low end volatile
Use of a low-rank
Brazilian
coal for coke making
97104488 X-ray and microscopy investigations on the catalytic carbonization of coal tar pitch-petroleum coke benchscale anodes Xue, J. er ul. I_;& Mcr., lYY7, 535-541. Sulfur, AIF? and FeZCPZ(C0)4 additions in the bench-scale carbon anodes baked up to 900 C or 106O’C increase the coke yield of pitch hinder. The L, values obtained at SSO’C are equivalent to or even higher than those with the pure carbons at OOO’C or IO60 C’, indicating a higher degree of carbonization ohtainahlc at lower baking temperature with the catalysts. The majority of pores are formed at temperature below 550 C for all of the anode carhona. The porosity decreases with the AIF addition. while it increases with the sulfur and FeZCP2(CO)d. No significant difference hetween resistivity hoth in the presence and the ah\ence of the additions.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
389