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04576 Production of hydrogen from a fluid coking process using steam reforming
03
temperature on combustion velocity and time are studied. The methods of stabled and enhanced combustion are discussed. On the basis of a lumped parameters model the mechanism of bluff-body’s flame stability is proven.
Methane in the Northern 97104575 Basin. Genesis, reservoir dynamics, and atmosphere
West Siberian exchange with the
Cramer, B. Rer. ~orsc/,lrn~zrr2r. J~relich., 1997, (Juel-3412). l-187 pp. (In German) A RussianiGcrman scientific project entitled ‘Generation of natural gas in the West Siberian Basin and balance of atmospheric methane’ is concerned with the generation of natural gas (methane), accumulation of gas within the reservoir’; in West Siberia, and with measurements of the methane exchange between soil/lithosphere and atmosphere. Natural gas in northern West Siheria can be divided into three groups: natural gas in Jurassic rocks, natural gac in Ncocomian rocks and natural gas from the Aptian to Cenomanian Pokur Formation. The genesis of these gases are presented in detail.
Production of hydrogen 97104576 cess using steam reforming
from a fluid
coking
pro-
Kerhy. M. C. (‘t crl. U.S. US 5.5Y7.474 (Cl. 211X-50: CIOB55110). 28 Jan 1907. US Appl. 144.YX6, 27 Ott 1993. 5 pp. An integrated tluid coking/hydrogen production process is presented. The fluid coking unit is comprised of a fluid coker reactor. a heater, and a gasifier. Solids from the fluidized beds are recycled between the coking Tone and the heater and between the heater and the gasifier. A separate \trenm of hot solids from the gasifier is passed to the scrubbing zone of the reactor. Methane and \tcam are introduced into the stream of hot solids pa\sing from the gnsifier to the scruhhing zone. Methane conversion to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of steam is catalysed by the prescncc of hot particles.
Prospects for the development 97104577 ery from coal-containing strata
of methane
Upgrading and cleaning for advanced applications
of gas
biomass
Berg. M. CI ~1. Riomnss Energy Emkm., F’KK. Eur. Rioener~ Ccmf.. 9th.. 1996. 2, 1056-1061, Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The development of a gas cleaning scheme for a product gas from biomass gasification was the objective. for use in advanced applications, such as methanol synthesis and fuel cells. In relation to the gas from coal, gas produced from biomass contains more hydrocarbons and less sulfur. The advanced applications require cleaning from sulfur in excess of that required hy environmental restrictions due to sulfur sensitive catalysts. Gas cleaning process schemes, i.e. steam reforming, shift conversion and the removal of sulfur compounds, are compared, and in some cases experimentally verified. The evaluation of process schemes will be based on recognition of the different applications’ requirements.
Transport,
97104579
Analysis
Storage
of deposit
in coal gas pipeline
Zhou. H. and Liu. J. Fenxi Huarue., 1997, 2.5. (8). 919-922. (In Chinese) Coal gas pipeline deposit was extracted and separated with benzeneethanol. The extract was analysed by capillary gas chomatography and gas chomatography-mass spectrometry with 25 m x 0.24 mm ID quartz OV-101 column. Nineteen organic components were identified and quantified determined The inorganic compounds of deposit were analysed by drop test and IR spectrometry.
97to45ao perspective
Underground gas storage facilities in Poland in the of the Yamal-Western Europe transmission system
Siemek, J. et al. Nafrrr-Gaz., 1997, 53. (h), 233-236. (In Polish) The Polish gas industry is reviewed, including gas source distribution, import and consumption extent. The capacity of the existing underground gas storage facilities in exhausted gas fields as well as capacity needs for uninterrupted operation of gas system until 2010 were given. In Poland, coal and gas were considered the dominant source of fuel.
Marketing,
fuels)
Policy
switch to a cleaner,
more
Parker. F. Enew World. May lY97, 249. 10-18. Long after the reserves of North Sea oil have run out, vast quantities of indigenous natural gas will remain. It is therefore critical that we fully understand the power and potential of compressed natural gas (CNG). Today, over one million natural gas vehicles are in u\e. 500 of which are found in the UK. The articles addresses the equipment. technology. economics, health and environmental effects of these vehicles.
Derived
Gaseous
Fuels
97104582 Catalytic reformer-combustor: cept for synthesis gas production
a novel reactor
con-
Mleczko.. L. er al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.. 1997, 36. (1 I). 4459-4465. A reformer-comhustor is a novel reactor design proposed for performing CO, reforming of methane to synthesis gas with high yield and energy efficiency. This reactor consists of two interconnected fluidized beds and heat for the highly endothermic CO? reforming is generated hy catalytic combustion of methane over a reforming catalyst. The heat generated in the comhustor is supplied to the reformer with circulating solid particles. Circulation of solids is used not only for heat transport but also for catalyst regeneration. The experimental studies of CO? reforming as well as of catalytic combustion of methane over a Ni (I wt%)/rl-A1201 catalyst that were performed in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor confirmed the feasibility of this reactor concept. 97104583
from
Business,
97io4581 Natural gas vehicles-the plentiful fuel
recov-
Sergeev. I. V. and Zahurdyaev, V. S. Aezo/~. 7i. Pront-sfi., 1997, (7). 2-X. (In Russian) Ranges of different methane content were determined, based on a longterm experience in various methods for coal methane recovery and utilization of the gas. This experience facilitates the development of a solution to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of complex development of coal gas fields. the degassing of which serves both mining safety and methane production.
97104578 gasification
Economics,
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous
Coal gasification
combined-cycle
power generation
system Abe, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,228,807 [97,228.807] (Cl. FOIK33/ IO), 2 Sep 1997. Appl. 96138,356, 26 Feb 1996, 3 pp. (In Japanese) High-tem’perature ‘singas generated by a coal ‘gasifier is used in the integrated coal gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power generation system. CO2 is removed from the COz-containing syngas by a CO: removal apparatus and a part of the CO:-removed gas is used as carrier gas for ‘upplying to the gasifier with powdered coal.
Coal-gasification power plant 97104584 Bandai. S. ef ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.6X6 [97,221,686] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 96/26,563.14 Feb 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) The plant is described. It comprises (with omission of start-up air compressor and gas treatment equipment) a gas turbine combustor consisting of a first passage of inert gas in the middle of the comhustor body and a second passage of inert gas in the head part of combustor. and a fuel nozzle in the head part of the combustor for supplying auxiliary fuel. The fuel nozzle is thus selectively operated, and the first and second passages of the inert gas by the indicating pointer of the calorific value of the inert gas. 97104585 The cooled reactor
coal
gasifier
by the
high-temperature
gas
Aritomi, M. et ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.688 [97,221,6X8] (Cl. ClOJ3/54), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 9,6/26,560, I4 Feb 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Coal and superheated steam are fed into the gasifier for generation of coal gasification gas by steam gasification reaction. The heat provided by primary and secondary He gas from the graphite-moderated He-cooled nuclear reactor is used by the gasifier. Char separated from the coal gasification gas hy a cyclone is supplied to a partial-oxidation gasifier. The coal gasification gas generated from the partial-oxidation gasifier is fed to a cyclone and the recovered char is recycled to the partial-oxidation gasifier. The char recovered can be supplied with coal for gasification in the partialoxidation gasifier.
97104586 gasification
The commercial feasibility in southern Thailand
of
underground
coal
Sole, J. et ul. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1946. 13, (I), 472-477. With a potential for providing low- or medium-Btu gas for the generation of electrical power and as a clean coal technology, underground coal gasification (UCG) is a desirable process. While the abundance of economic coal and natural gas reserves in the United States of America (USA) has delayed its commercial development in the USA, potential for commercial development of UCG-fueled electrical power generation currently exists in many other nations. Thailand has been experiencing sustained economic growth throughout the past decade. The use of UCG to provide electrical power to meet the growing power demand commercially potential. A project to determine the feasihility of this proposal was established at a site in southern Thailand. This project is jointly sponsored by the United States Trade and Development Agency (TDA) and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). The objective of the project is to determine the commercial feasibility of using UCG for power
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
397
temperature on combustion velocity and time are studied. The methods of stabled and enhanced combustion are discussed. On the basis of a lumped parameters model the mechanism of bluff-body’s flame stability is proven.
Methane in the Northern 97104575 Basin. Genesis, reservoir dynamics, and atmosphere
West Siberian exchange with the
Cramer, B. Rer. ~orsc/,lrn~zrr2r. J~relich., 1997, (Juel-3412). l-187 pp. (In German) A RussianiGcrman scientific project entitled ‘Generation of natural gas in the West Siberian Basin and balance of atmospheric methane’ is concerned with the generation of natural gas (methane), accumulation of gas within the reservoir’; in West Siberia, and with measurements of the methane exchange between soil/lithosphere and atmosphere. Natural gas in northern West Siheria can be divided into three groups: natural gas in Jurassic rocks, natural gac in Ncocomian rocks and natural gas from the Aptian to Cenomanian Pokur Formation. The genesis of these gases are presented in detail.
Production of hydrogen 97104576 cess using steam reforming
from a fluid
coking
pro-
Kerhy. M. C. (‘t crl. U.S. US 5.5Y7.474 (Cl. 211X-50: CIOB55110). 28 Jan 1907. US Appl. 144.YX6, 27 Ott 1993. 5 pp. An integrated tluid coking/hydrogen production process is presented. The fluid coking unit is comprised of a fluid coker reactor. a heater, and a gasifier. Solids from the fluidized beds are recycled between the coking Tone and the heater and between the heater and the gasifier. A separate \trenm of hot solids from the gasifier is passed to the scrubbing zone of the reactor. Methane and \tcam are introduced into the stream of hot solids pa\sing from the gnsifier to the scruhhing zone. Methane conversion to carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of steam is catalysed by the prescncc of hot particles.
Prospects for the development 97104577 ery from coal-containing strata
of methane
Upgrading and cleaning for advanced applications
of gas
biomass
Berg. M. CI ~1. Riomnss Energy Emkm., F’KK. Eur. Rioener~ Ccmf.. 9th.. 1996. 2, 1056-1061, Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The development of a gas cleaning scheme for a product gas from biomass gasification was the objective. for use in advanced applications, such as methanol synthesis and fuel cells. In relation to the gas from coal, gas produced from biomass contains more hydrocarbons and less sulfur. The advanced applications require cleaning from sulfur in excess of that required hy environmental restrictions due to sulfur sensitive catalysts. Gas cleaning process schemes, i.e. steam reforming, shift conversion and the removal of sulfur compounds, are compared, and in some cases experimentally verified. The evaluation of process schemes will be based on recognition of the different applications’ requirements.
Transport,
97104579
Analysis
Storage
of deposit
in coal gas pipeline
Zhou. H. and Liu. J. Fenxi Huarue., 1997, 2.5. (8). 919-922. (In Chinese) Coal gas pipeline deposit was extracted and separated with benzeneethanol. The extract was analysed by capillary gas chomatography and gas chomatography-mass spectrometry with 25 m x 0.24 mm ID quartz OV-101 column. Nineteen organic components were identified and quantified determined The inorganic compounds of deposit were analysed by drop test and IR spectrometry.
97to45ao perspective
Underground gas storage facilities in Poland in the of the Yamal-Western Europe transmission system
Siemek, J. et al. Nafrrr-Gaz., 1997, 53. (h), 233-236. (In Polish) The Polish gas industry is reviewed, including gas source distribution, import and consumption extent. The capacity of the existing underground gas storage facilities in exhausted gas fields as well as capacity needs for uninterrupted operation of gas system until 2010 were given. In Poland, coal and gas were considered the dominant source of fuel.
Marketing,
fuels)
Policy
switch to a cleaner,
more
Parker. F. Enew World. May lY97, 249. 10-18. Long after the reserves of North Sea oil have run out, vast quantities of indigenous natural gas will remain. It is therefore critical that we fully understand the power and potential of compressed natural gas (CNG). Today, over one million natural gas vehicles are in u\e. 500 of which are found in the UK. The articles addresses the equipment. technology. economics, health and environmental effects of these vehicles.
Derived
Gaseous
Fuels
97104582 Catalytic reformer-combustor: cept for synthesis gas production
a novel reactor
con-
Mleczko.. L. er al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.. 1997, 36. (1 I). 4459-4465. A reformer-comhustor is a novel reactor design proposed for performing CO, reforming of methane to synthesis gas with high yield and energy efficiency. This reactor consists of two interconnected fluidized beds and heat for the highly endothermic CO? reforming is generated hy catalytic combustion of methane over a reforming catalyst. The heat generated in the comhustor is supplied to the reformer with circulating solid particles. Circulation of solids is used not only for heat transport but also for catalyst regeneration. The experimental studies of CO? reforming as well as of catalytic combustion of methane over a Ni (I wt%)/rl-A1201 catalyst that were performed in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor confirmed the feasibility of this reactor concept. 97104583
from
Business,
97io4581 Natural gas vehicles-the plentiful fuel
recov-
Sergeev. I. V. and Zahurdyaev, V. S. Aezo/~. 7i. Pront-sfi., 1997, (7). 2-X. (In Russian) Ranges of different methane content were determined, based on a longterm experience in various methods for coal methane recovery and utilization of the gas. This experience facilitates the development of a solution to increase the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of complex development of coal gas fields. the degassing of which serves both mining safety and methane production.
97104578 gasification
Economics,
Gaseous fuels (derived gaseous
Coal gasification
combined-cycle
power generation
system Abe, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,228,807 [97,228.807] (Cl. FOIK33/ IO), 2 Sep 1997. Appl. 96138,356, 26 Feb 1996, 3 pp. (In Japanese) High-tem’perature ‘singas generated by a coal ‘gasifier is used in the integrated coal gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power generation system. CO2 is removed from the COz-containing syngas by a CO: removal apparatus and a part of the CO:-removed gas is used as carrier gas for ‘upplying to the gasifier with powdered coal.
Coal-gasification power plant 97104584 Bandai. S. ef ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.6X6 [97,221,686] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 96/26,563.14 Feb 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) The plant is described. It comprises (with omission of start-up air compressor and gas treatment equipment) a gas turbine combustor consisting of a first passage of inert gas in the middle of the comhustor body and a second passage of inert gas in the head part of combustor. and a fuel nozzle in the head part of the combustor for supplying auxiliary fuel. The fuel nozzle is thus selectively operated, and the first and second passages of the inert gas by the indicating pointer of the calorific value of the inert gas. 97104585 The cooled reactor
coal
gasifier
by the
high-temperature
gas
Aritomi, M. et ul. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,221.688 [97,221,6X8] (Cl. ClOJ3/54), 26 Aug 1997, Appl. 9,6/26,560, I4 Feb 1996, 5 pp. (In Japanese) Coal and superheated steam are fed into the gasifier for generation of coal gasification gas by steam gasification reaction. The heat provided by primary and secondary He gas from the graphite-moderated He-cooled nuclear reactor is used by the gasifier. Char separated from the coal gasification gas hy a cyclone is supplied to a partial-oxidation gasifier. The coal gasification gas generated from the partial-oxidation gasifier is fed to a cyclone and the recovered char is recycled to the partial-oxidation gasifier. The char recovered can be supplied with coal for gasification in the partialoxidation gasifier.
97104586 gasification
The commercial feasibility in southern Thailand
of
underground
coal
Sole, J. et ul. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1946. 13, (I), 472-477. With a potential for providing low- or medium-Btu gas for the generation of electrical power and as a clean coal technology, underground coal gasification (UCG) is a desirable process. While the abundance of economic coal and natural gas reserves in the United States of America (USA) has delayed its commercial development in the USA, potential for commercial development of UCG-fueled electrical power generation currently exists in many other nations. Thailand has been experiencing sustained economic growth throughout the past decade. The use of UCG to provide electrical power to meet the growing power demand commercially potential. A project to determine the feasihility of this proposal was established at a site in southern Thailand. This project is jointly sponsored by the United States Trade and Development Agency (TDA) and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT). The objective of the project is to determine the commercial feasibility of using UCG for power
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November
1997
397