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05123 Research on removing CO2 from coal-combustion flue gas by high-voltage narrow pulsed corona discharge
75
Environmenf
(pollution, healN1 protection,
safety)
for Mn. all the other elements showed that the sum of the mobile phases of the sequential extension was greater than the results obtained in the partial extension.
Prevention of sludge and t&fouling in sewage 97105115 ducts, vent air ducts, and pipe blocks used in fishing reefs. Shinohara, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,184,193 [97,184,393] (Cl. E03F9/00), 15 Jul 1997, Appl. 95/354,872, 30 Dee 1’995. 7 pp. (In Japanese) Sewage ducts, vent air ducts, and pipe blocks used in fishing reefs have a concentric cylindrical casing, which may be equipped with permanent magnets or electrodes for applying electric or magnetic fields to inhibit aerobic bacteria growth. The duct inner part is preferably made by ashes, coke powder, extruding the mixture of coal ashes, incinerator gypsum, cement, steel or alumina powder, charcoal, sand or porous ceramic powder and water in a casting die. 97105116
phenol sands
Processing waste distillation residues from bismanufacture with glance coal materials for foundry
Baumgartner, F. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19529,030 (Cl. A62D3100). 30 Jan 1997, Appl. 19,529,030, 28 Jul 1995, 6 pp. (In German) Wastes are treated by oxidation at a lower temperature than their combustion temperature and/or reacted with an epoxide. They may also be treated with a precarbonate.
Protective linings for ductile iron pipe in waste97/05117 water service Horton, A. M. Proc. WEFTEC ‘96, Annu. Conf. Expo., 69th, 1996, 2, 399410. For over 95 years, cast iron pipe was used as a standard piping material for wastewater systems. Most of these pipes were installed either with asphalt seal coated cement mortar lining or with a thin bituminous internal coating changing sewage chemistries, stricter of coal tar or asphalt. However, environmental regulations, and decreased dilution from storm water and infiltrated water have resulted in concentrated effluent in some systems which may be detrimental to standard cement mortar linings. In these systems, a special lining is needed to protect the interior of the pipeline. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of special protective linings for use on iron pipe and fittings intended for wastewater service are discussed, and also discusses some special lining considerations unique to ductile iron pipe.
97105116 Pulmonary proinflammatory gene induction following acute exposure to residual oil fly ash: roles of particleassociated metals Kodavanti, U. P. et al. Inhalation Toxicol., 1997, 9, (7) 679-701. The mechanism of residual oil fly ash (ROFA)-induced lung injury was investigated using male Sprague-Dawley rats (60 days old) intratracheally instilled with 0.3 ml of either acidified saline, ROFA or predominant ROFA-associated metals. The quantity of metals instilled reflected the amount present in the leachable material of ROFA. Histopathological findings indicated marked and progressive acute focal lung injury characterized by inflammation, edema, alveolar cell hyperplasia, thickening of the alveolar and airway walls, and bronchiolar secretory cell hypertrophy following ROFA exposure. The metal mixture induced similar pathology, but the severity of lesions appeared less pronounced than with ROFA. Ni by itself caused the most severe damage, hemorrhage and inflammation. The full results and implications of the study are discussed.
97105119 containing
Recovery of pure potassium chloride scarcely heavy metals from fly ash from garbage incinerators
concentration at the entrance to the stack
97/05121 streams
Removal
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1997
gas
Research on removing CO2 from coal-combustion flue gas by high-voltage narrow pulsed corona discharge Li, Q. et al. Energ?,Environ., Proc. Int. Conf., 1995, (Pub. 1996). 620-625.
97105124 siderations
444
hot coal
Press, Lilburn, GA. SOz and NO, from many sources, including coal-burning power plants cause acid rain. The most common process for DeSOz is absorption using lime or limestone and the most advanced DeNO, process is selective catalytic reduction using expensive catalyst. However, development of effective techniques for simultaneous Des02 and DeNO, is necessary with respect to investment and operational costs. Pulsed streamer corona discharge process as a non-thermal plasma technique is considered to be a cost-effective option. Pulsed streamer corona discharge process is based on corona discharge that produces high energy electrons, radicals, ions and excited molecules converting SOz and NO, into collectable aerosols. An electrostatic precipitator can be used for this process with a slight retrofit. The present status of the process development in the field of DeSO: and DeNO, and pilot-scale tests are recommended to investigate technical and economic feasibility. The results suggest that this process will be applicable to flue gas purification, but solutions to several scale-up problems are required before commercialization. Additionally. technical solutions for the problems anticipated in the retrofit of existing electrostatic precipitator should be found. Commercial application of this process requires the improvement of pulsing technology to increase the pulse peak voltage, decrease its width and increase the lifetime of pulse generation switch.
Reduction of dioxin emissions 97/05120 waste incineration plant
Uoya, K. et al. MitsuhishiJuko G/to, 1997, 34, (3). 174-177. (In Japanese) Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration receives special attention in the new standards for dioxin, published in January 1997. Under the new, stricter standards, dioxin in abated flue gas can only be present with a concentration of 0.1 ng-TEQim’N in or less. The total amount of dioxin emitted from the flue gas, collected dust, ashes, and wastewater from the MSW incineration plant must also be limited. Good combustion control technology has allowed us to limit the concentration of dioxin at the exit area of the furnace to 1.8 ng-TEQ/mZN. A certain kind of combustion catalyst contributes to fine combustion. Treating the flue gas at a lower temperature (l50’-) using the filter bag system allows the dioxin concentration to
from
97105122 Removal of SO2 and NO, using a pulsed streamer corona discharge process Lee, Y. K. et al. Energy Bus. Technol. Sorrrws.. /World E~wrp En,?, Congr./, 19th.. 1996, (Pub. 1997) 97-102. Edited by Ricketts. J., Fairmont
97105123
solid
sulfide
Jothimurugesan, K. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf.. 1996, 13. (l), 596-601. Hot gas clean-up offers the potentially key advantages of higher plant thermal efficiencies and lower cost. A key sub-system of hot-gas clean-up is hot-gas desulfurization using regenerable sorbents. Sorhents based on zinc oxide are currently the leading candidates and are being developed for moving- and fluidized-bed reactor applications. Zinc oxide sorbents can effectively reduce the HzS in coal gas to 10 ppm levels and can he regenerated for multicycle operation. However, all of the current firstgeneration leading sorbents undergo significant loss of reactivity with cycling, as much as 50% or greater loss in only 25-50 cycles. Stability of the hot-gas desulfurization step over 100 s of cycles is essential for improved IGCC economics over conventional power plants. The main objective of this project is to develop advanced hot-gas desulfurization sorbents for relatively lower temperature application which show stable and high sulfidation reactivity at 343-538°C and regenerability at lower temperatures than leading first regeneration sorbents. Cycle tests showed that the sorbents developed under this project exhibited superior reactivity and regenerability. Sorbents tested over multiple cycles show nearly an order of magnitude higher usable capacity than leading first generation sorbents at 427°C.
Kimura, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 01,105 [97 01, 1051 (Cl. B09B3/00), 7 Jan 1997, Appl. 95/152,098, 20 Jun 1995, 3 pp. (In Japanese) In order to recover KCI from fly ash produced in incinerating or melting treatment of wastes, the fly ash is mixed with a proper amount of hot water containing an agent for production of insoluble heavy metal compounds by reaction to precipitate insoluble heavy metal compounds and at the same time to dissolve KCI and NaCl in the water; solid substances are separated, e.g. insoluble heavy metal compounds; the resulting water is cooled to proper temperature to precipitate KCI selectively; and the precipitated KCI is separated and recovered. Alternatively, the resulting water after KCI recovery may be circulated again as the hot water. It is easy to recover KCI with high purity and containing little heavy metals.
from municipal
of hydrogen
Edited by Chen, Z., Begell House, New York. In real flue gas generated in a coal-burning stove, the laws and the affecting factors of the removal of CO2 by the non-equilibrium plasma in pulsed corona discharges were researched. Both of positive and negative pulsed corona discharges have notable function for the removal of CO? and CO hy dissociation, with the removal efficiencies of both >20%. The recomhination dissociation processes are considered as the main process of the CO1 and CO removals.
Risk assessment of complex mixtures: some conon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas G. A. et al. _I. Environ. Pathol., Toxicol. Oncol., 1997. 16, (2 & 3)
Zapponi. 209-214. Experimental and epidemiological data were compared, together with risk evaluations concerning coke-oven, diesel, and gasoline motor emissions, and specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions and single PAH. Results indicated benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) may only account for a relatively small amount of the whole carcinogenic potential Of PAH mixtures is given. The experiments suggest that reference to B(a)P as a complex mixture index may stilt represent a reasonable solution, but selection of a few other indicators from among PAH, whose relative concentrations and relative carcinogenic potencies are higher, might improve the analysis
Environmenf
(pollution, healN1 protection,
safety)
for Mn. all the other elements showed that the sum of the mobile phases of the sequential extension was greater than the results obtained in the partial extension.
Prevention of sludge and t&fouling in sewage 97105115 ducts, vent air ducts, and pipe blocks used in fishing reefs. Shinohara, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,184,193 [97,184,393] (Cl. E03F9/00), 15 Jul 1997, Appl. 95/354,872, 30 Dee 1’995. 7 pp. (In Japanese) Sewage ducts, vent air ducts, and pipe blocks used in fishing reefs have a concentric cylindrical casing, which may be equipped with permanent magnets or electrodes for applying electric or magnetic fields to inhibit aerobic bacteria growth. The duct inner part is preferably made by ashes, coke powder, extruding the mixture of coal ashes, incinerator gypsum, cement, steel or alumina powder, charcoal, sand or porous ceramic powder and water in a casting die. 97105116
phenol sands
Processing waste distillation residues from bismanufacture with glance coal materials for foundry
Baumgartner, F. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19529,030 (Cl. A62D3100). 30 Jan 1997, Appl. 19,529,030, 28 Jul 1995, 6 pp. (In German) Wastes are treated by oxidation at a lower temperature than their combustion temperature and/or reacted with an epoxide. They may also be treated with a precarbonate.
Protective linings for ductile iron pipe in waste97/05117 water service Horton, A. M. Proc. WEFTEC ‘96, Annu. Conf. Expo., 69th, 1996, 2, 399410. For over 95 years, cast iron pipe was used as a standard piping material for wastewater systems. Most of these pipes were installed either with asphalt seal coated cement mortar lining or with a thin bituminous internal coating changing sewage chemistries, stricter of coal tar or asphalt. However, environmental regulations, and decreased dilution from storm water and infiltrated water have resulted in concentrated effluent in some systems which may be detrimental to standard cement mortar linings. In these systems, a special lining is needed to protect the interior of the pipeline. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of special protective linings for use on iron pipe and fittings intended for wastewater service are discussed, and also discusses some special lining considerations unique to ductile iron pipe.
97105116 Pulmonary proinflammatory gene induction following acute exposure to residual oil fly ash: roles of particleassociated metals Kodavanti, U. P. et al. Inhalation Toxicol., 1997, 9, (7) 679-701. The mechanism of residual oil fly ash (ROFA)-induced lung injury was investigated using male Sprague-Dawley rats (60 days old) intratracheally instilled with 0.3 ml of either acidified saline, ROFA or predominant ROFA-associated metals. The quantity of metals instilled reflected the amount present in the leachable material of ROFA. Histopathological findings indicated marked and progressive acute focal lung injury characterized by inflammation, edema, alveolar cell hyperplasia, thickening of the alveolar and airway walls, and bronchiolar secretory cell hypertrophy following ROFA exposure. The metal mixture induced similar pathology, but the severity of lesions appeared less pronounced than with ROFA. Ni by itself caused the most severe damage, hemorrhage and inflammation. The full results and implications of the study are discussed.
97105119 containing
Recovery of pure potassium chloride scarcely heavy metals from fly ash from garbage incinerators
concentration at the entrance to the stack
97/05121 streams
Removal
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1997
gas
Research on removing CO2 from coal-combustion flue gas by high-voltage narrow pulsed corona discharge Li, Q. et al. Energ?,Environ., Proc. Int. Conf., 1995, (Pub. 1996). 620-625.
97105124 siderations
444
hot coal
Press, Lilburn, GA. SOz and NO, from many sources, including coal-burning power plants cause acid rain. The most common process for DeSOz is absorption using lime or limestone and the most advanced DeNO, process is selective catalytic reduction using expensive catalyst. However, development of effective techniques for simultaneous Des02 and DeNO, is necessary with respect to investment and operational costs. Pulsed streamer corona discharge process as a non-thermal plasma technique is considered to be a cost-effective option. Pulsed streamer corona discharge process is based on corona discharge that produces high energy electrons, radicals, ions and excited molecules converting SOz and NO, into collectable aerosols. An electrostatic precipitator can be used for this process with a slight retrofit. The present status of the process development in the field of DeSO: and DeNO, and pilot-scale tests are recommended to investigate technical and economic feasibility. The results suggest that this process will be applicable to flue gas purification, but solutions to several scale-up problems are required before commercialization. Additionally. technical solutions for the problems anticipated in the retrofit of existing electrostatic precipitator should be found. Commercial application of this process requires the improvement of pulsing technology to increase the pulse peak voltage, decrease its width and increase the lifetime of pulse generation switch.
Reduction of dioxin emissions 97/05120 waste incineration plant
Uoya, K. et al. MitsuhishiJuko G/to, 1997, 34, (3). 174-177. (In Japanese) Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration receives special attention in the new standards for dioxin, published in January 1997. Under the new, stricter standards, dioxin in abated flue gas can only be present with a concentration of 0.1 ng-TEQim’N in or less. The total amount of dioxin emitted from the flue gas, collected dust, ashes, and wastewater from the MSW incineration plant must also be limited. Good combustion control technology has allowed us to limit the concentration of dioxin at the exit area of the furnace to 1.8 ng-TEQ/mZN. A certain kind of combustion catalyst contributes to fine combustion. Treating the flue gas at a lower temperature (l50’-) using the filter bag system allows the dioxin concentration to
from
97105122 Removal of SO2 and NO, using a pulsed streamer corona discharge process Lee, Y. K. et al. Energy Bus. Technol. Sorrrws.. /World E~wrp En,?, Congr./, 19th.. 1996, (Pub. 1997) 97-102. Edited by Ricketts. J., Fairmont
97105123
solid
sulfide
Jothimurugesan, K. et al. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf.. 1996, 13. (l), 596-601. Hot gas clean-up offers the potentially key advantages of higher plant thermal efficiencies and lower cost. A key sub-system of hot-gas clean-up is hot-gas desulfurization using regenerable sorbents. Sorhents based on zinc oxide are currently the leading candidates and are being developed for moving- and fluidized-bed reactor applications. Zinc oxide sorbents can effectively reduce the HzS in coal gas to 10 ppm levels and can he regenerated for multicycle operation. However, all of the current firstgeneration leading sorbents undergo significant loss of reactivity with cycling, as much as 50% or greater loss in only 25-50 cycles. Stability of the hot-gas desulfurization step over 100 s of cycles is essential for improved IGCC economics over conventional power plants. The main objective of this project is to develop advanced hot-gas desulfurization sorbents for relatively lower temperature application which show stable and high sulfidation reactivity at 343-538°C and regenerability at lower temperatures than leading first regeneration sorbents. Cycle tests showed that the sorbents developed under this project exhibited superior reactivity and regenerability. Sorbents tested over multiple cycles show nearly an order of magnitude higher usable capacity than leading first generation sorbents at 427°C.
Kimura, T. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 01,105 [97 01, 1051 (Cl. B09B3/00), 7 Jan 1997, Appl. 95/152,098, 20 Jun 1995, 3 pp. (In Japanese) In order to recover KCI from fly ash produced in incinerating or melting treatment of wastes, the fly ash is mixed with a proper amount of hot water containing an agent for production of insoluble heavy metal compounds by reaction to precipitate insoluble heavy metal compounds and at the same time to dissolve KCI and NaCl in the water; solid substances are separated, e.g. insoluble heavy metal compounds; the resulting water is cooled to proper temperature to precipitate KCI selectively; and the precipitated KCI is separated and recovered. Alternatively, the resulting water after KCI recovery may be circulated again as the hot water. It is easy to recover KCI with high purity and containing little heavy metals.
from municipal
of hydrogen
Edited by Chen, Z., Begell House, New York. In real flue gas generated in a coal-burning stove, the laws and the affecting factors of the removal of CO2 by the non-equilibrium plasma in pulsed corona discharges were researched. Both of positive and negative pulsed corona discharges have notable function for the removal of CO? and CO hy dissociation, with the removal efficiencies of both >20%. The recomhination dissociation processes are considered as the main process of the CO1 and CO removals.
Risk assessment of complex mixtures: some conon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban areas G. A. et al. _I. Environ. Pathol., Toxicol. Oncol., 1997. 16, (2 & 3)
Zapponi. 209-214. Experimental and epidemiological data were compared, together with risk evaluations concerning coke-oven, diesel, and gasoline motor emissions, and specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions and single PAH. Results indicated benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) may only account for a relatively small amount of the whole carcinogenic potential Of PAH mixtures is given. The experiments suggest that reference to B(a)P as a complex mixture index may stilt represent a reasonable solution, but selection of a few other indicators from among PAH, whose relative concentrations and relative carcinogenic potencies are higher, might improve the analysis