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97. Neuroimaging of Cortical Brain Alterations in Adult and Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive disorder: Preliminary Findings from the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group
Biological Psychiatry
Thursday Abstracts
97. Neuroimaging of Cortical Brain Alterations in Adult and Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive disorder: Preliminary Findings from the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group Premika Boedhoe1, Lianne Schmaal2, Paul M. Thompson3, Dan J. Stein4, Odile A. van den Heuvel1, and ENIGMA-OCD Working Group5 VU University Medical Center, 2Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, 3Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4University of Cape Town, South Africa, 5International Collaboration 1
Background: Structural MRI studies on OCD have been numerous, but not always consistent. To address this issue, we initiated the ENIGMA-OCD working group. Here, we present results of the largest study to date on cortical brain measures in both adult and pediatric OCD patients and healthy controls using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis approach. Methods: Structural T1-weighted MRI scans including 1905 OCD patients and 1760 healthy controls from 27 research sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer. Cortical thickness and surface area measures were analyzed separately for pediatric (17y and younger) and adult (18y and older) subjects using regression models controlling for age and gender, and combined in random-effect metaanalysis models. Results were considered significant if the P-value exceeded a significance threshold determined by the false discovery rate (FDR) procedure at q 5 0.05. Results: We found significantly lower surface area in the transverse temporal gyrus (effect size d: -0.16) in adult OCD patients compared to controls. In medicated adult OCD patients, we found significantly thinner cortices of frontal and temporal areas (effect size d between -0.15 and -0.29). In medicated pediatric OCD patients compared to controls significantly lower surface area was observed of frontal, temporal, parietal and cingulate regions (effect size d between -0.28 and -0.49). Conclusions: Our study suggests that cortical thickness and surface area measures may be differentially affected by OCD at different stages of life and moderated by medication status. Our next step is to perform a mega-analysis to understand how these medication effects are related to disease severity and comorbidities. Supported By: 1. NIH: BD2k (Big Data), U54 EB020403-02 (PI: Thompson) 2. Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), IPB-grant (PI’s: Schmaal / van den Heuvel) Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Cortical Thickness, Cortical surface area, structural neuroimaging
98. Cortical and Subcortical Differences between Alcohol Dependent Individuals and Controls: Meta Analysis Results from the Enigma-Addiction Working Group Patricia Conrod1, Hugh Garavan2, Scott Mackey2, Jacob Lavoie3, David Glahn3, and Enigma Addiction Working Group4
1
University of Montreal, University, 4multiple
2
University of Vermont,
3
Yale
Background: Many studies have reported structural brain differences between alcohol dependent and non-dependent individuals, but conclusions are limited due to the heterogeneity across methods used to process and parcellate structural data, and confirm alcohol dependent status. This study aims to pool results from existing addiction-neuroimaging studies using ENIGMA protocols for harmonising neuroimaging data and ENIGMA-Addiction procedures for harmonising addiction phenotypes. Methods: A bibliographic review identified neuroimaging studies of substance-dependent individuals and matched controls. Authors were contacted and invited to contribute their data to the consortium by a specified date. ENIGMA protocols were used to re-process neuroimaging data and parcellate subcortical and cortical brain regions using Free Surfer. Consensus on methods for harmonising addiction phenotype was reached following a review of all study protocols and databases. This analysis includes 8 studies that confirmed alcohol dependent status using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. ENIGMA protocols were used to conduct meta-analysis on each region using covariates specified by other ENIGMA working groups to maximise potential comparisons across disorders. Results: Meta-analyses pooling effect sizes (ES) across studies indicated moderate ESs across a number of subcortical and cortical regions. Regions for which ES yielded confidence intervals that did not cross zero were: anterior and posterior cingulate, fusiform, inferior temporal gyrus and temporal pole, cingulate gyrus, lateral and medial orbital frontal cortex, insula and all subcortical regions. Conclusions: Effect sizes are presented as they compare to ESs yielded from meta-analyses comparing major depression or schizophrenia cases to matched controls and indicate widespread and significant brain impairment in alcohol dependence. Supported By: Consortium grant (U54 1150 EB 020403) from the NIH Institutes contributing to the Big Data to 1151 Knowledge (BD2K) Initiative Keywords: Addiction, Neuroimaging, Meta-analysis
99. A Large Scale Study of Cortical and Cerebellar Morphology in ADHD across the Life span: An ENIGMAADHD Collaboration Philip Shaw1, M Hoogman2, J Bratlen2, M Onnink2, E Shumskaya2, M Mennes2, M Zwiers2, D HIbar3, ENIGMA ADHD Working Group4, P Thompson3, and B Franke2 NIMH, 2Radboud University Medical Center, 3Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, 4 ENIGMA-ADHD
1
Background: While structural alterations of various brain regions in ADHD are often reported, studies are often underpowered and use heterogeneous methods. After studying subcortical structures (1), the ENIGMA-ADHD
Biological Psychiatry May 15, 2017; 81:S1–S139 www.sobp.org/journal
S41
Thursday Abstracts
97. Neuroimaging of Cortical Brain Alterations in Adult and Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive disorder: Preliminary Findings from the ENIGMA Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Working Group Premika Boedhoe1, Lianne Schmaal2, Paul M. Thompson3, Dan J. Stein4, Odile A. van den Heuvel1, and ENIGMA-OCD Working Group5 VU University Medical Center, 2Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia, 3Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 4University of Cape Town, South Africa, 5International Collaboration 1
Background: Structural MRI studies on OCD have been numerous, but not always consistent. To address this issue, we initiated the ENIGMA-OCD working group. Here, we present results of the largest study to date on cortical brain measures in both adult and pediatric OCD patients and healthy controls using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis approach. Methods: Structural T1-weighted MRI scans including 1905 OCD patients and 1760 healthy controls from 27 research sites worldwide were processed locally using FreeSurfer. Cortical thickness and surface area measures were analyzed separately for pediatric (17y and younger) and adult (18y and older) subjects using regression models controlling for age and gender, and combined in random-effect metaanalysis models. Results were considered significant if the P-value exceeded a significance threshold determined by the false discovery rate (FDR) procedure at q 5 0.05. Results: We found significantly lower surface area in the transverse temporal gyrus (effect size d: -0.16) in adult OCD patients compared to controls. In medicated adult OCD patients, we found significantly thinner cortices of frontal and temporal areas (effect size d between -0.15 and -0.29). In medicated pediatric OCD patients compared to controls significantly lower surface area was observed of frontal, temporal, parietal and cingulate regions (effect size d between -0.28 and -0.49). Conclusions: Our study suggests that cortical thickness and surface area measures may be differentially affected by OCD at different stages of life and moderated by medication status. Our next step is to perform a mega-analysis to understand how these medication effects are related to disease severity and comorbidities. Supported By: 1. NIH: BD2k (Big Data), U54 EB020403-02 (PI: Thompson) 2. Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), IPB-grant (PI’s: Schmaal / van den Heuvel) Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Cortical Thickness, Cortical surface area, structural neuroimaging
98. Cortical and Subcortical Differences between Alcohol Dependent Individuals and Controls: Meta Analysis Results from the Enigma-Addiction Working Group Patricia Conrod1, Hugh Garavan2, Scott Mackey2, Jacob Lavoie3, David Glahn3, and Enigma Addiction Working Group4
1
University of Montreal, University, 4multiple
2
University of Vermont,
3
Yale
Background: Many studies have reported structural brain differences between alcohol dependent and non-dependent individuals, but conclusions are limited due to the heterogeneity across methods used to process and parcellate structural data, and confirm alcohol dependent status. This study aims to pool results from existing addiction-neuroimaging studies using ENIGMA protocols for harmonising neuroimaging data and ENIGMA-Addiction procedures for harmonising addiction phenotypes. Methods: A bibliographic review identified neuroimaging studies of substance-dependent individuals and matched controls. Authors were contacted and invited to contribute their data to the consortium by a specified date. ENIGMA protocols were used to re-process neuroimaging data and parcellate subcortical and cortical brain regions using Free Surfer. Consensus on methods for harmonising addiction phenotype was reached following a review of all study protocols and databases. This analysis includes 8 studies that confirmed alcohol dependent status using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. ENIGMA protocols were used to conduct meta-analysis on each region using covariates specified by other ENIGMA working groups to maximise potential comparisons across disorders. Results: Meta-analyses pooling effect sizes (ES) across studies indicated moderate ESs across a number of subcortical and cortical regions. Regions for which ES yielded confidence intervals that did not cross zero were: anterior and posterior cingulate, fusiform, inferior temporal gyrus and temporal pole, cingulate gyrus, lateral and medial orbital frontal cortex, insula and all subcortical regions. Conclusions: Effect sizes are presented as they compare to ESs yielded from meta-analyses comparing major depression or schizophrenia cases to matched controls and indicate widespread and significant brain impairment in alcohol dependence. Supported By: Consortium grant (U54 1150 EB 020403) from the NIH Institutes contributing to the Big Data to 1151 Knowledge (BD2K) Initiative Keywords: Addiction, Neuroimaging, Meta-analysis
99. A Large Scale Study of Cortical and Cerebellar Morphology in ADHD across the Life span: An ENIGMAADHD Collaboration Philip Shaw1, M Hoogman2, J Bratlen2, M Onnink2, E Shumskaya2, M Mennes2, M Zwiers2, D HIbar3, ENIGMA ADHD Working Group4, P Thompson3, and B Franke2 NIMH, 2Radboud University Medical Center, 3Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, 4 ENIGMA-ADHD
1
Background: While structural alterations of various brain regions in ADHD are often reported, studies are often underpowered and use heterogeneous methods. After studying subcortical structures (1), the ENIGMA-ADHD
Biological Psychiatry May 15, 2017; 81:S1–S139 www.sobp.org/journal
S41