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00252 Deep coal-bed methane in Alberta, Canada: a fuel resource with the potential of zero greenhouse gas emissions
03
03
GASEOUS Sources,
FUELS
Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Algorithm of operational monitoring of methane 98lQQ248 pressure in coal bed Lapina, E. S. and Leonov, R. E. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Gorn. Zh., 1996, (12). 33-36. (In Russian) In order to evaluate the danger of explosions an algorithm was derived for control and prediction of methane pressure in coal beds and a comparison is made between actual and predicted data. Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane 98h.30249 flow grows Lyons, P. C. Oil Gas J., 1997, 95, (27). 76-79. The early and recent production, gas composition, undiscovered potential and development areas for coal-bed methane production are discussed.
Coal bed methane potential and prospects in 98iQQ250 India-a case for diversification Jamal. S. and Peters, J. PETROTECH-97, Proc. Int. Pet. Conf. Exhib., 2nd, 1997,4, 155-162. Edited by Swamy, S. N. and Dwivedi, P. B. R., Publishing Corp., Delhi, India. Following the success of the oil industry in the western nations, attention has turned towards exploration for absorbed methane gas in coal seams, also referred to as coal bed methane (CBM). The crunch in the conventional energy segment has led CBM to be recognized as a potential source of unconventional energy. The development of CBM resource which was considered waste and vented during coal mining operations provides an attractive prospect to meet the future needs of natural gas. Thus, it has emerged as a potential area of diversification within upstream sector. In USA about 7000 wells have been drilled in 13 basins to evaluate CBM potential with a great success ratio. Although great potential exists, this source of energy remains untapped in India, and its potential importance to India’s energy mix has only recently been recognized. This paper presents the expected potential of coal bed methane in India, citing examples of Goadwana and Tertiary coals. Geoscientific and drilling capabilities of carrying out the exploration and exploitation of CBM are available within ONGC, therefore. this activity could be considered as a case for diversification. Computer model for performance prediction and 98lQQ251 optimization of unheated biogas plant Singh, P. P. et al. Energy Comers. Mgmt, 1998, 39, (l/2), 51-63. The paper describes a mathematical model of an unheated biogas plant that can be used to predict biogas generation at any given geographical location by using laboratory experimental data of methane gas generation at different values of temperature and retention time. The model obviates the need for repeating field experiments at different geographical locations. The introduction of new concepts of equivalent temperature and biogas coefficient helo to convert laboratorv data into field data and minimize the necessity of conducting field experiments. Retention time and size of the biogas plant for a given daily requirement of biogas are optimized through life cycle economic analysis. The model has been elaborated by calculating results for biogas generation with cattle dung in a fixed dome type biogas plant located at Ludhiana. Results for various values of daily biogas requirement and cost of feedstock are presented. Deep coal-bed methane in Alberta, Canada: a fuel 98100252 resource with the potential of zero greenhouse gas emissions Gunter, W. D. et al. Energy Comers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), S217-S222. Alberta’s deep coal-bed methane (CBM) resources offers potential for enhanced gas recovery (EGR) technologies using CO2 injection, somewhat similar to enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, unlike C02-EOR where COz-breakthrough eventually occurs, the injected COz is sequestered in the reservoir by sorption to the coal surface. The mechanism is that the CO2 displaces the sorbed CH4 from the coal surface, two molecules of CO2 being traooed for everv molecule of CHI released. Alreadv this CO,-EGR prdc’ess, although’in an embryonic stage, has shown increased yields of produced CH4 over conventional CBM recovery. Future successful tuning of the process may allow the design of efficient null-greenhouse-gasemission power plants which are fuelled by CBM from deep coal beds. In this closed CO+ycle process, the waste CO2 produced by CH1-fuelled power plants is injected into CBM reservoirs to produce more CHI. Other scenarios are possible using offsets. A simple mass balance argument, based on a two to one coal-sorption-selectivity for CO2 over CH4, supports the feasibility of building and operating fossil-fuelled green power plants.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
recovery, treatment)
98lQQ253 Distribution of coal bed methane in the porous system of coal Weishauptuva, Z. and Medek, .I. DGMK Tugungsber., 1997, 9702, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 1). 95-98. At temperatures above critical temperature in a coal bed, the total quantity of CH4 contained therein was divided into four basic bond types: (1) the part adsorbed in micropores, (2) the part adsorbed on the surface of mesoand macroporous, (3) the part mobile freely in the pore space unfilled by water and (4) the part dissolved in the present pure water. The sum of partial volumes was interpreted as theoretical isotherm of the total amount of CH4 occluded in coal. Strong agreement between the theoretical isotherms and experimental high-pressure isotherms measured up to 10 MPa was found. 98100254 Dry desulfurization apparatus for high sulfurcontaining gas Tamamushi, F. and Wakiyama, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,241,663 [97,241,663] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 16 Sep 1997, Appl. 96157,804, I4 Mar 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Apparatus for dry-type desulfurization for high-S-containing gas, such as from coal gasification, as gas-turbine fuel is described. It involves desulfurizing crude gas from a gasifier in a desulfurization tower to obtain a refined gas. A regeneration tower is included for desulfurizing agent and a particle recycle apparatus is located between the desulfurization tower and regeneration tower for recycling the desulfurizing agent. A reduction tower catalytically reduces a part of refined gas with the regenerated desulfurizing agent and is equipped with a gas recycle line for passing the refined gas for reduction to the gasifier. 98lQQ255 Investigation of the mechanism of methane formation in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a Co/SiOz Zr’” catalyst Chernobaev, I. I. et al. Theor. Exp. Chemical, 1997, 33, (l), 38-40. Via both intermediates leading to chain propagation and hydrogenation of surface carbon, methane is formed in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under real conditions. 98lQQ258 Methane capacities of Bowen Basin coals related to coal properties Levy, J. H. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (9), 813-819. The methane adsorption capacities of Permian coals from the Bowen Basin of Queensland were investigated and related to other coal properties in order to evaluate coal-bed methane resources. An increasing trend in the maximum methane capacities of moisture-equilibrated coals, normalized to a pressure of 5 MPa and 30°C was observed with increasing rank over the range SO-92 wt% total carbon. However methane adsorption calculated on a dry basis showed no such linear trend. Methane adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature by 0.12 ml g-’ K--l. Methane capacity also decreased as moist&e content increased, by 4.2 ml g-’ coal for each 1 wt% increase in moisture. Methane capacity corresponded fairly well with coal surface area, although it was not precise enough to provide a reliable capacity estimate. Comparison of Langmuir adsorption isotherms for nitrogen and carbon dioxide on Bowen Basin coals with the corresponding methane isotherms showed that, with a knowledge of the methane isotherm alone, nitrogen and carbon dioxide isotherms could be reliably constructed. The procedures and calculations were validated as volumetric and gravimetric methane isotherms measured on the same coal were identical. 98100257 Method and system of producing and utilizing fuel gases, in particular gases obtained from biomasses or refuse Avanzini, P. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 801,218 (Cl. F02C3128), 15 Ott 1997, Appl. 961830,200, 9 Apr 1996, 8 pp. Fuel gases can be obtained from a gas&r via this procedure and the gases are then burned in a diesel engine and converted into useful energy. As opposed to total purification of the fuel gases from the gasifier to eliminate the condensable substances, the fuel gases are simply dedusted by a cyclone upstream from the diesel engine. The dedusted, compressed fuel gases are then cracked in a reactor upstream from the diesel engine. The gases may be compressed in the gasifier itself or after gasification, before or after tar cracking. A fixed-bed reactor is used only for eliminating the higher molecular weight condensable substances from the dedusted gases. The gases from the cracking reactor are finally cooled to a temperature (250°C) higher than the condensation temperature of the residual tars, and are supplied, separate from the combustion air, to the diesel engine at the same temperature.
98/QQ258 Methods for improvement of gas yield from a coalbearing massif during methane recovery Yarunin, S. A. and Koroleva, V. N. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti., 1997, (8), 25-28. (In Russian) Aqueous solutions of a complexing agent are used in seam treatment to improve the permeability of coal seams and methane recovery. Solutions (0.9-s%) of nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid or its mother liquor (S-SO%) not only change coal physical properties, but also its mineral composition.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
21
03
GASEOUS Sources,
FUELS
Properties,
Recovery,
Treatment
Algorithm of operational monitoring of methane 98lQQ248 pressure in coal bed Lapina, E. S. and Leonov, R. E. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Gorn. Zh., 1996, (12). 33-36. (In Russian) In order to evaluate the danger of explosions an algorithm was derived for control and prediction of methane pressure in coal beds and a comparison is made between actual and predicted data. Central-northern Appalachian coalbed methane 98h.30249 flow grows Lyons, P. C. Oil Gas J., 1997, 95, (27). 76-79. The early and recent production, gas composition, undiscovered potential and development areas for coal-bed methane production are discussed.
Coal bed methane potential and prospects in 98iQQ250 India-a case for diversification Jamal. S. and Peters, J. PETROTECH-97, Proc. Int. Pet. Conf. Exhib., 2nd, 1997,4, 155-162. Edited by Swamy, S. N. and Dwivedi, P. B. R., Publishing Corp., Delhi, India. Following the success of the oil industry in the western nations, attention has turned towards exploration for absorbed methane gas in coal seams, also referred to as coal bed methane (CBM). The crunch in the conventional energy segment has led CBM to be recognized as a potential source of unconventional energy. The development of CBM resource which was considered waste and vented during coal mining operations provides an attractive prospect to meet the future needs of natural gas. Thus, it has emerged as a potential area of diversification within upstream sector. In USA about 7000 wells have been drilled in 13 basins to evaluate CBM potential with a great success ratio. Although great potential exists, this source of energy remains untapped in India, and its potential importance to India’s energy mix has only recently been recognized. This paper presents the expected potential of coal bed methane in India, citing examples of Goadwana and Tertiary coals. Geoscientific and drilling capabilities of carrying out the exploration and exploitation of CBM are available within ONGC, therefore. this activity could be considered as a case for diversification. Computer model for performance prediction and 98lQQ251 optimization of unheated biogas plant Singh, P. P. et al. Energy Comers. Mgmt, 1998, 39, (l/2), 51-63. The paper describes a mathematical model of an unheated biogas plant that can be used to predict biogas generation at any given geographical location by using laboratory experimental data of methane gas generation at different values of temperature and retention time. The model obviates the need for repeating field experiments at different geographical locations. The introduction of new concepts of equivalent temperature and biogas coefficient helo to convert laboratorv data into field data and minimize the necessity of conducting field experiments. Retention time and size of the biogas plant for a given daily requirement of biogas are optimized through life cycle economic analysis. The model has been elaborated by calculating results for biogas generation with cattle dung in a fixed dome type biogas plant located at Ludhiana. Results for various values of daily biogas requirement and cost of feedstock are presented. Deep coal-bed methane in Alberta, Canada: a fuel 98100252 resource with the potential of zero greenhouse gas emissions Gunter, W. D. et al. Energy Comers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), S217-S222. Alberta’s deep coal-bed methane (CBM) resources offers potential for enhanced gas recovery (EGR) technologies using CO2 injection, somewhat similar to enhanced oil recovery (EOR). However, unlike C02-EOR where COz-breakthrough eventually occurs, the injected COz is sequestered in the reservoir by sorption to the coal surface. The mechanism is that the CO2 displaces the sorbed CH4 from the coal surface, two molecules of CO2 being traooed for everv molecule of CHI released. Alreadv this CO,-EGR prdc’ess, although’in an embryonic stage, has shown increased yields of produced CH4 over conventional CBM recovery. Future successful tuning of the process may allow the design of efficient null-greenhouse-gasemission power plants which are fuelled by CBM from deep coal beds. In this closed CO+ycle process, the waste CO2 produced by CH1-fuelled power plants is injected into CBM reservoirs to produce more CHI. Other scenarios are possible using offsets. A simple mass balance argument, based on a two to one coal-sorption-selectivity for CO2 over CH4, supports the feasibility of building and operating fossil-fuelled green power plants.
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
recovery, treatment)
98lQQ253 Distribution of coal bed methane in the porous system of coal Weishauptuva, Z. and Medek, .I. DGMK Tugungsber., 1997, 9702, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 1). 95-98. At temperatures above critical temperature in a coal bed, the total quantity of CH4 contained therein was divided into four basic bond types: (1) the part adsorbed in micropores, (2) the part adsorbed on the surface of mesoand macroporous, (3) the part mobile freely in the pore space unfilled by water and (4) the part dissolved in the present pure water. The sum of partial volumes was interpreted as theoretical isotherm of the total amount of CH4 occluded in coal. Strong agreement between the theoretical isotherms and experimental high-pressure isotherms measured up to 10 MPa was found. 98100254 Dry desulfurization apparatus for high sulfurcontaining gas Tamamushi, F. and Wakiyama, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,241,663 [97,241,663] (Cl. ClOJ3/46), 16 Sep 1997, Appl. 96157,804, I4 Mar 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Apparatus for dry-type desulfurization for high-S-containing gas, such as from coal gasification, as gas-turbine fuel is described. It involves desulfurizing crude gas from a gasifier in a desulfurization tower to obtain a refined gas. A regeneration tower is included for desulfurizing agent and a particle recycle apparatus is located between the desulfurization tower and regeneration tower for recycling the desulfurizing agent. A reduction tower catalytically reduces a part of refined gas with the regenerated desulfurizing agent and is equipped with a gas recycle line for passing the refined gas for reduction to the gasifier. 98lQQ255 Investigation of the mechanism of methane formation in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a Co/SiOz Zr’” catalyst Chernobaev, I. I. et al. Theor. Exp. Chemical, 1997, 33, (l), 38-40. Via both intermediates leading to chain propagation and hydrogenation of surface carbon, methane is formed in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis under real conditions. 98lQQ258 Methane capacities of Bowen Basin coals related to coal properties Levy, J. H. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (9), 813-819. The methane adsorption capacities of Permian coals from the Bowen Basin of Queensland were investigated and related to other coal properties in order to evaluate coal-bed methane resources. An increasing trend in the maximum methane capacities of moisture-equilibrated coals, normalized to a pressure of 5 MPa and 30°C was observed with increasing rank over the range SO-92 wt% total carbon. However methane adsorption calculated on a dry basis showed no such linear trend. Methane adsorption capacity decreased with increasing temperature by 0.12 ml g-’ K--l. Methane capacity also decreased as moist&e content increased, by 4.2 ml g-’ coal for each 1 wt% increase in moisture. Methane capacity corresponded fairly well with coal surface area, although it was not precise enough to provide a reliable capacity estimate. Comparison of Langmuir adsorption isotherms for nitrogen and carbon dioxide on Bowen Basin coals with the corresponding methane isotherms showed that, with a knowledge of the methane isotherm alone, nitrogen and carbon dioxide isotherms could be reliably constructed. The procedures and calculations were validated as volumetric and gravimetric methane isotherms measured on the same coal were identical. 98100257 Method and system of producing and utilizing fuel gases, in particular gases obtained from biomasses or refuse Avanzini, P. et al. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 801,218 (Cl. F02C3128), 15 Ott 1997, Appl. 961830,200, 9 Apr 1996, 8 pp. Fuel gases can be obtained from a gas&r via this procedure and the gases are then burned in a diesel engine and converted into useful energy. As opposed to total purification of the fuel gases from the gasifier to eliminate the condensable substances, the fuel gases are simply dedusted by a cyclone upstream from the diesel engine. The dedusted, compressed fuel gases are then cracked in a reactor upstream from the diesel engine. The gases may be compressed in the gasifier itself or after gasification, before or after tar cracking. A fixed-bed reactor is used only for eliminating the higher molecular weight condensable substances from the dedusted gases. The gases from the cracking reactor are finally cooled to a temperature (250°C) higher than the condensation temperature of the residual tars, and are supplied, separate from the combustion air, to the diesel engine at the same temperature.
98/QQ258 Methods for improvement of gas yield from a coalbearing massif during methane recovery Yarunin, S. A. and Koroleva, V. N. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti., 1997, (8), 25-28. (In Russian) Aqueous solutions of a complexing agent are used in seam treatment to improve the permeability of coal seams and methane recovery. Solutions (0.9-s%) of nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid or its mother liquor (S-SO%) not only change coal physical properties, but also its mineral composition.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1998
21