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00743 Hydrogen and electricity from decarbonised fossil fuels
15
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
High-temperature catalytic treatment 98/00741 gases from the manufacture of phthalic anhydride
of waste
Patrushev, A. N. Koks Khim., 1997, (5), 33-34. (In Russian) The waste gases produced from phthalic anhydride manufacture over metallurgical slags activated by leaching with oxalic acid and promoted with Co104, CuCo201, or CuC204 were oxidized with 100% removal efficiency of phthalic and maleic anhydrides. This figure was 98% in the removal of naphthoquinone and CO.
High-temperature removal of H$Ziin gasifier using a gal00742 new macroporous lime particle Miura, K. el al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 1295-1298. The authors present the concept of ‘macroporous CaO particles’ for effective dry desulfurization in coal gasification at high temperatures. Such macroporous CaO particles were actually prepared by several methods. A macroporous CaO particle prepared by pelletizing a pulverized lime under 0.3 to 10 MPa of pressure load and subsequent sintering in steam at 900°C was found to be used practically.
98100743 fuels
Hydrogen and electricity from decarbonised fossil
Kaarstad, 0. and Audus, H. Energy Convers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), S431-S436. Due to their lack of CO? emissions at the point of use, hydrogen and electricity may become the favoured twin energy carriers in a possible ‘greenhouse driven’ future. It is shown that decarbonizing fossil fuels to hydrogen with CO? being stored in deep geological formations represents the least exoensive wav of nroducing COT-free hvdroaen. For fossil fuels there seems to be a naiural’progressyon from fuel sw&hing (coal to oil to natural gas) for low to moderate emission reduction pressure. For increasing pressure for reduction of emissions COz-free (decarbonized) electricity from coal will be introduced followed by decarbonized electricity from natural gas and decarbonized hydrogen from natural gas.
Identification of phenyl-substituted polycyclic 98100744 aromatic compounds in ring furnace gases using GC-MS and GC-AED Meyer zu Reckendorf, R. Chromarographia, 1997, 45, 173-182. Gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-atmosphere emission detection (AED) were used to analyse gaseous emissions from the ring furnace baking process for the production of graphite electrodes from coal tar pitch. Several phenyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAES) generated by pyrolytic reactions were identified by their chromatography retention indexes and mass spectra. Pure reference compounds were analysed for verification. A number of Ph PAHs are present in coal tar-related material, incltlding phenylpyridines and phenyldihenzofurans previously unreported. A formation scheme for phenyldibenzofurans on the basis of a radical mechanism is proposed.
Industrial study on comprehensive treatment of 98100745 coking wastewater after biological removal of phenols Bai, Y. et al. Gongye Shuichuli, 1997, 17, (l), 24-27. (In Chinese) The comprehensive treatment of coking wastewater was studied on industrial scale. Satisfactory results were obtained by adding Fe polysulfate and cationic polyacrylamide to second grit chamber, and treating with coke and activated C using available biological facilities in coking factory under conventional operating conditions. The water quality was improved significantly after the comprehensive treatment and could meet the national standard requirement for disposal.
98100746
Industrial wastes. Power production waste
Browman, M. G. Water Environ. Res., 1997, 69, (4), 637-640. The waste management from power generating facilities is reviewed and discussion topics include: fossil fuel power plants and nuclear power plants.
Mercury control in coal combustion by adsorption on activated carbons
gal00749
Wojtowicz, M. A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCE ‘97, Volume 3), 1811-1814. Introduced is a mercury removal and recovery process from coal combustion flue eases with simultaneous SO, + and NO. control bv, regenerative adsorition on activated carbons derived from used tyres. The flue gas is the absorbent regenerating agent. Oxygen and NO, both enhanced-mercury adsorption; a stronger etieffectwas experienced with NO,. The adsorbed Hg was desorbed by heating. The surface activity of the activated C was temporarily decreased after each desorption event, but was recovered by contact with the flue gas. The transient loss of activity is explained by the necessity to restore the inventory of reactive surface species after each desorption step.
9aioo750
Method for gasification and burning of solid wastes
Fujinami, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,236,220 [97,236,220] (Cl. F23G5/027), 9 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 951352,184, 28 Dee 1995, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Solid wastes in a gasification furnace are thermally decomposed and the produced gas and char is burned in a rotary furnace. Fuel is supplemented to the burning furnace at a mount determined by the temperature of the burning furnace and the molten slag in the furnace.
9aioo75i Method for solid waste treatment by gasification and combustion to recover valuable materials Fujimura, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,234,451 [97,234,451] (Cl. B09B3/00), 9 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 95/352,185, 28 Dee 1995. 6 pp. (In Japanese) Low-temperature gasification is followed by high-temperature combustion, meanwhile the flue gas generated from combustion is treated to obtain slag suitable for cement clinker.
Methods for improving biochemical treatment of 96100752 coke plant wastewater Jin, M. and Lu, G. Shanghai Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 16, (2), 13-14. 18. (In Chinese) Methods for improving biochemical treatment of coke plant wastewater are presented, including time-lapsed aeration, activated sludge-powdered activated C treatment, and intensified treatment.
98100753 Modelling of SO2 pollution than es with improving thermal performance of buildings in Gebre, 3 urkey Tiris, M. et al. Energy, 1997, 22, (5), 477-480. Results from a dispersion-modelling study of SO2 concentrations are reported. Overall heat-transfer coefficients (U-values) of existing wall systems in Gebze, Turkey, have been measured. Different insulation options for improvement of the thermal performance of existing wall systems have been chosen. Comparative energy-consumption analyses for each option have been performed according to IS0 9164. SO? emissions were compiled for existing conditions and calculated for control options. Emissions, meteorological and topographical data were used in the USEPA-approved ISCLT model to predict winter-average SO? contributions to air quality. The effects of using different exterior wall systems to these contributions were investigated.
The nature of hydrocarbon emissions formed during the cooling of combustion products
96100754
Chagger, H. K. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (9), 861-864. Coal (and hvdrocarbons1 combustion leads to the formation of small but significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic organic micropollutants (TOMPs), as well as methane. These pollutants are generally coniidered to be formed in the combustion zone, glthough it is known that some pollutants, such as dioxins, are found in the cooled flue gases. The pollutants are shown to undergo changes in concentration during the cooling process. These changes are mapped for the major pollution from a propane flame and coal devolatilization products.
Need for improvement of working conditions at
gal00755
27th International conference on mining safety in 98100747 the coal industry in India Dikolenko, E. Y. el al. Bezop. Tr. Prom-d., 1997, (8), 61-64. (In Russian) Industrial safety and environmental protection issues are discussed, with emphasis on the state and development of safe mining technologies, safety control in mines, ventilation problems, methane evolution control, coal mine degassing, underground fires, detonation operations and explosives, and ecology and safety of open-cut mining.
coal mines Tkachuk,
S. P.
C/go/’ Ukr., 1997, (l), 47-48. (In Russian)
Novel gas-generation technology for remote fire extinguishing
98100756
Lobarskii, B. S. and Makarenko, V. L. Ugol’ Ukr., 1997, (4), 44-46. (In Russian) Remotely-generated inert gas is used in coal mine firefighting.
Means to increase the capacity of preliminary 9aioo74a wetting of coal beds
the Ukraine
Kashuba, 0. I. et al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1997, (4), 40-42. (In Russian) The method involves water injection into coal beds as a means of decreasing the generation of dust in Ukrainian coal mines.
Zabolotnii, A. G. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (l), 34-35. (In Russian) Assessments proved that the safety and industrial hygiene in coal mines in the Ukraine is highly unsatisfactory.
a2
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1996
gal00757
Occupational safety in the coal mining industry of
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
High-temperature catalytic treatment 98/00741 gases from the manufacture of phthalic anhydride
of waste
Patrushev, A. N. Koks Khim., 1997, (5), 33-34. (In Russian) The waste gases produced from phthalic anhydride manufacture over metallurgical slags activated by leaching with oxalic acid and promoted with Co104, CuCo201, or CuC204 were oxidized with 100% removal efficiency of phthalic and maleic anhydrides. This figure was 98% in the removal of naphthoquinone and CO.
High-temperature removal of H$Ziin gasifier using a gal00742 new macroporous lime particle Miura, K. el al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 1295-1298. The authors present the concept of ‘macroporous CaO particles’ for effective dry desulfurization in coal gasification at high temperatures. Such macroporous CaO particles were actually prepared by several methods. A macroporous CaO particle prepared by pelletizing a pulverized lime under 0.3 to 10 MPa of pressure load and subsequent sintering in steam at 900°C was found to be used practically.
98100743 fuels
Hydrogen and electricity from decarbonised fossil
Kaarstad, 0. and Audus, H. Energy Convers. Manage., 1997, 38, (Suppl., Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Carbon Dioxide Removal, 1996), S431-S436. Due to their lack of CO? emissions at the point of use, hydrogen and electricity may become the favoured twin energy carriers in a possible ‘greenhouse driven’ future. It is shown that decarbonizing fossil fuels to hydrogen with CO? being stored in deep geological formations represents the least exoensive wav of nroducing COT-free hvdroaen. For fossil fuels there seems to be a naiural’progressyon from fuel sw&hing (coal to oil to natural gas) for low to moderate emission reduction pressure. For increasing pressure for reduction of emissions COz-free (decarbonized) electricity from coal will be introduced followed by decarbonized electricity from natural gas and decarbonized hydrogen from natural gas.
Identification of phenyl-substituted polycyclic 98100744 aromatic compounds in ring furnace gases using GC-MS and GC-AED Meyer zu Reckendorf, R. Chromarographia, 1997, 45, 173-182. Gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry and GC-atmosphere emission detection (AED) were used to analyse gaseous emissions from the ring furnace baking process for the production of graphite electrodes from coal tar pitch. Several phenyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAES) generated by pyrolytic reactions were identified by their chromatography retention indexes and mass spectra. Pure reference compounds were analysed for verification. A number of Ph PAHs are present in coal tar-related material, incltlding phenylpyridines and phenyldihenzofurans previously unreported. A formation scheme for phenyldibenzofurans on the basis of a radical mechanism is proposed.
Industrial study on comprehensive treatment of 98100745 coking wastewater after biological removal of phenols Bai, Y. et al. Gongye Shuichuli, 1997, 17, (l), 24-27. (In Chinese) The comprehensive treatment of coking wastewater was studied on industrial scale. Satisfactory results were obtained by adding Fe polysulfate and cationic polyacrylamide to second grit chamber, and treating with coke and activated C using available biological facilities in coking factory under conventional operating conditions. The water quality was improved significantly after the comprehensive treatment and could meet the national standard requirement for disposal.
98100746
Industrial wastes. Power production waste
Browman, M. G. Water Environ. Res., 1997, 69, (4), 637-640. The waste management from power generating facilities is reviewed and discussion topics include: fossil fuel power plants and nuclear power plants.
Mercury control in coal combustion by adsorption on activated carbons
gal00749
Wojtowicz, M. A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCE ‘97, Volume 3), 1811-1814. Introduced is a mercury removal and recovery process from coal combustion flue eases with simultaneous SO, + and NO. control bv, regenerative adsorition on activated carbons derived from used tyres. The flue gas is the absorbent regenerating agent. Oxygen and NO, both enhanced-mercury adsorption; a stronger etieffectwas experienced with NO,. The adsorbed Hg was desorbed by heating. The surface activity of the activated C was temporarily decreased after each desorption event, but was recovered by contact with the flue gas. The transient loss of activity is explained by the necessity to restore the inventory of reactive surface species after each desorption step.
9aioo750
Method for gasification and burning of solid wastes
Fujinami, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,236,220 [97,236,220] (Cl. F23G5/027), 9 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 951352,184, 28 Dee 1995, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Solid wastes in a gasification furnace are thermally decomposed and the produced gas and char is burned in a rotary furnace. Fuel is supplemented to the burning furnace at a mount determined by the temperature of the burning furnace and the molten slag in the furnace.
9aioo75i Method for solid waste treatment by gasification and combustion to recover valuable materials Fujimura, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,234,451 [97,234,451] (Cl. B09B3/00), 9 Sep 1997, JP Appl. 95/352,185, 28 Dee 1995. 6 pp. (In Japanese) Low-temperature gasification is followed by high-temperature combustion, meanwhile the flue gas generated from combustion is treated to obtain slag suitable for cement clinker.
Methods for improving biochemical treatment of 96100752 coke plant wastewater Jin, M. and Lu, G. Shanghai Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 16, (2), 13-14. 18. (In Chinese) Methods for improving biochemical treatment of coke plant wastewater are presented, including time-lapsed aeration, activated sludge-powdered activated C treatment, and intensified treatment.
98100753 Modelling of SO2 pollution than es with improving thermal performance of buildings in Gebre, 3 urkey Tiris, M. et al. Energy, 1997, 22, (5), 477-480. Results from a dispersion-modelling study of SO2 concentrations are reported. Overall heat-transfer coefficients (U-values) of existing wall systems in Gebze, Turkey, have been measured. Different insulation options for improvement of the thermal performance of existing wall systems have been chosen. Comparative energy-consumption analyses for each option have been performed according to IS0 9164. SO? emissions were compiled for existing conditions and calculated for control options. Emissions, meteorological and topographical data were used in the USEPA-approved ISCLT model to predict winter-average SO? contributions to air quality. The effects of using different exterior wall systems to these contributions were investigated.
The nature of hydrocarbon emissions formed during the cooling of combustion products
96100754
Chagger, H. K. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (9), 861-864. Coal (and hvdrocarbons1 combustion leads to the formation of small but significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and toxic organic micropollutants (TOMPs), as well as methane. These pollutants are generally coniidered to be formed in the combustion zone, glthough it is known that some pollutants, such as dioxins, are found in the cooled flue gases. The pollutants are shown to undergo changes in concentration during the cooling process. These changes are mapped for the major pollution from a propane flame and coal devolatilization products.
Need for improvement of working conditions at
gal00755
27th International conference on mining safety in 98100747 the coal industry in India Dikolenko, E. Y. el al. Bezop. Tr. Prom-d., 1997, (8), 61-64. (In Russian) Industrial safety and environmental protection issues are discussed, with emphasis on the state and development of safe mining technologies, safety control in mines, ventilation problems, methane evolution control, coal mine degassing, underground fires, detonation operations and explosives, and ecology and safety of open-cut mining.
coal mines Tkachuk,
S. P.
C/go/’ Ukr., 1997, (l), 47-48. (In Russian)
Novel gas-generation technology for remote fire extinguishing
98100756
Lobarskii, B. S. and Makarenko, V. L. Ugol’ Ukr., 1997, (4), 44-46. (In Russian) Remotely-generated inert gas is used in coal mine firefighting.
Means to increase the capacity of preliminary 9aioo74a wetting of coal beds
the Ukraine
Kashuba, 0. I. et al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1997, (4), 40-42. (In Russian) The method involves water injection into coal beds as a means of decreasing the generation of dust in Ukrainian coal mines.
Zabolotnii, A. G. Ugol’ Ukr., 1996, (l), 34-35. (In Russian) Assessments proved that the safety and industrial hygiene in coal mines in the Ukraine is highly unsatisfactory.
a2
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
January 1996
gal00757
Occupational safety in the coal mining industry of