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00922 Resources for secondary fuel from beneficiation wastes and prospects for its recovery
0 1 Solid fuels (preparation) fraction ~543 K were additional analysed by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 13C-NMR methods. A comparative X-ray analysis of the coals and product semi-cokes was also conducted. Increased metamorphism of the parent coals toward coking coals was reflected in the tar structures by increased aromaticity and increased aromatic C-H bonds, with increased mobility of non-crosslinked material in the coal during coking. These structures have implications in semi-coke properties and coking behaviour.
Prospects for industrial coal deposits In aoutheastern part of the Lvov-Volynahii Basin
98fw92o
Shul’ga, V. F. e? al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1998, (S), 45-46. (In Russian) Claims that coal exploration in the Byshkovskaya plain the Lvov-Volynskii Basin should be extended, and should focus on’two large graben-synclines in the northern and central part of the region. At depths of 1000-1200 m, commercial deposits of coking coal may be found.
Relationship between properties and conversions 98l98921 of north Bohemian coals during coal/oil coproceaaing Cerny, J. et al. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 50, (2/3), 235-247. A number of analysis methods were implemented tp achieve a comprehensive characterization of 11 low rank coals from North Bohemian mines. Along with common proximate and ultimate analysis, spectroscopic techniques, porosity measurement, extractability and swelling in organic solvents were used. Although of similar geological origin, some of the characteristics of the coals differed greatly from one to another. Coals were co-processed with petroleum vacuum residue at 440°C for 1 h and yields of reaction products and coal conversions were determined. Despite the differences in composition and properties, the coals provided similar conversions and yields of reaction products that can be distilled. A small positive effect on coal conversion was found for ash content and microporosity of coals. On the other hand, a small negative effect was found for carbon content, optical reflectance and solvent extractability of coals.
Resources for secondary fuel from beneficiation wastes and prospects for its recovery
98fw922
Zolotko, A. A. Ugol Ukr., 1996, (12), 36L38. (In Russian) In coal mining and beneficiation wastes accumulated between119581995, coal potential is discussed and a universal scheme for coal recovery from these wastes is given.
Secondary sedimentary structures of the coal beds 98lw923 and coal-bearing formations, modern coal geology Muraoka, J. Chigaku Zasshi, 1997, 106, (5), 601-13. (In Japanese) Significant information for depositional environment can be ojtained from secondary sedimentary structures of coal beds and coal-bearing formations, as well as primary ones. However, systematic geological investigation for them has not been reported except for washout. Following on from previous reportsstandard error of the mean, secondary sedimentary structures observed by the author are described and investigated in terms of their origins and environments in order to utilize basin analysis for coal exploration. The origin of coal beds is attributed to the peat deposits of the geological age from the various phenomena observed in these sedimentary structures. Secondary sedimentary structures of the coal beds are subdivided and described.
Sodium and oxygen in Nigerian coals: possible effects on ash fouling
98mo924
Ewa, I. 0. B. et al. .I. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Envirop. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 1996, A31, (S), 2011-2078. High sodium levels of feed-coals cause ash fouling during heat transfers in coal power plants. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used in determining the concentration of some alkali elements associated with ash fouling for eight Nigerian coals. Sodium levels were generally low. Oxygen concentrations considered as an indicative measure of the wettability for each of the coals were determined. The paper discusses the possible effects of the concentration of these elements on ash fouling.
Structural characterization of oils g nerated by the Gray-King pyrolysis of vitraina and oillvitrain r ation.
98100925
Iglesias, M. J. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9702 f,Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume l), 285-288. An understanding of the chemistry of coal conver$on and utilization can be enhanced by studying the physico-chemical characterization and development of structural models of vitrinite as well as the study of the influence of the chemical structures of vitrinite on its reflectance. To achieve this, the degradation of the macromolecules into representative fragments combined with the direct characterization of vitrinite in solid state is probably the most suitable procedure. FTIR and NMR analyses of the oil generated by Gray-King pyrolysis of six almost pure vitrinites isolated from the other organic components in natural conditions are described. The results obtained were compared with those of the petrological and geochemical characterization of the raw materials, permitting a thorough study of the influence of chemical structures on vitrinite reflectance to be made.
98fOO928
Study on crosslinking
density of coal macro-
molecules Chen, C. et al. Huadong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1996, 22, (6), 690-694. (In Chinese) The change in coal before and after solvent extraction was measured with the Kovac-Peppas method. The decreased of crosslinking density was observed by both pyridine and cyclohexanone extraction-of raw- coal. However, the crosslinking density of alkali pre-treated coal changed in different ways, which increases after pyridine extraction, but decreases after cyclohexanone extraction.
Sulfur- and nitrogen-containing phenol-formaldehyde co-reaitea for probing the thermal behavior of heteroatomic forma in solid fuels
98lw927
Ismail, K. et al. Polymer, 1996, 37, (18) 4041-4048. A series of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing co-resites have been prepared for probing the formation of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing gases during the pyrolysis and combustion ofcoals and other solid fuels. These co-resites use phenol with thiophene+ dibenzothiophene, di-Ph sulfide, benzyl Ph sulfide, thioanisole, S-hydroxy-quinoline and 2-hydroxycarbazole as the second component. A mole ratio of 3:l was adopted to ensure a reasonably high degree of cross-linking was achieved. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the virtually complete elimination of ether and methyl functions from the resoles by curing at 200°C. The resultant resites were also characterized by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, XPS and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Simple air oxidation was found to selectively convert the aliphatic-bound sulfur to a mixture of sulfones and sulfoxides. The paper describes application of the resites in fuel science. 98fW928 Systematica and classification of coal Janlenko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 14-54. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. . 98foo929
X-ray diffraction studies of amorphous structure in
vitrinite
Zhang, D. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (l), 72-77. (In Chinese) After reviewing the classic structural model of coal, the new concept of multi-element amorphous structure of coal was put forward. X-ray diffraction was used to study the radial distribution of atoms in coals, The results have shown that there are aromatic carbon atom layers and alicyclic carbon atom layers in the macromolecules of coal, both the aromatic layers and alicyclic layer scatter X-ray coherently and that the order of amorphous coal structure is ~1 nm. The model and variation of amorphous coal structure were discussed.
Preparation Apparatus for cleaning and claaalfying coal and other minerals
98fw930
Blaszczynski, S. Pol. PL 172,424 (Cl. B03B5/16), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 301,702, 29 Dee 1993, 4 pp. (In Polish) A cylindrical working chamber with an inlet nozzle and a porous bottom, a water chamber with an inlet, a discharge nozzle, and an overflow nozzle are included in this apparatus. The working chamber is supported by springs and subjected to high frequency and low amplitude vibration.
Automated dispensing of flotation reagents and of liquid flocculation agents
98foo931
Pogorelov, 0. A. and Potakov, V. A. Vgol’ Ukr., 1996, (12) Russian) A microprocessor-based hpparatus for automated dispensing used in coal beneficiation has been developed.
21-22.
(In
of liquids
Bed blending of coals 98foo932 Poultney, R. M. Fuel, 1997, 76, (13) 1297-1300. Bed blending is designed to improve the quality and consistency of the blended material. However, variations sometimes occur in beds, and so monitoring is necessary. Automatic petrographical techniques have been developed to detect. the distribution of low-grade filler material within coal layers and major components in blend samples. Uneven distribution of filler was identified as the major cause of variations in the properties of coke produced from coal blends. As a result, the consistency of the chemical and rheological properties of the blend and the physical properties of the coke were improved owing to changes made to bed construction. 98100933
Beneficiation classified fuel
of anthracites
Kudinov, Russian)
V. D.
G. G. and Kazimirov,
and production
Vgol’ Ukr., 1996, (12)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
of
15-19. (In
March 1998 87
Prospects for industrial coal deposits In aoutheastern part of the Lvov-Volynahii Basin
98fw92o
Shul’ga, V. F. e? al. Ugol’ Ukr., 1998, (S), 45-46. (In Russian) Claims that coal exploration in the Byshkovskaya plain the Lvov-Volynskii Basin should be extended, and should focus on’two large graben-synclines in the northern and central part of the region. At depths of 1000-1200 m, commercial deposits of coking coal may be found.
Relationship between properties and conversions 98l98921 of north Bohemian coals during coal/oil coproceaaing Cerny, J. et al. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 50, (2/3), 235-247. A number of analysis methods were implemented tp achieve a comprehensive characterization of 11 low rank coals from North Bohemian mines. Along with common proximate and ultimate analysis, spectroscopic techniques, porosity measurement, extractability and swelling in organic solvents were used. Although of similar geological origin, some of the characteristics of the coals differed greatly from one to another. Coals were co-processed with petroleum vacuum residue at 440°C for 1 h and yields of reaction products and coal conversions were determined. Despite the differences in composition and properties, the coals provided similar conversions and yields of reaction products that can be distilled. A small positive effect on coal conversion was found for ash content and microporosity of coals. On the other hand, a small negative effect was found for carbon content, optical reflectance and solvent extractability of coals.
Resources for secondary fuel from beneficiation wastes and prospects for its recovery
98fw922
Zolotko, A. A. Ugol Ukr., 1996, (12), 36L38. (In Russian) In coal mining and beneficiation wastes accumulated between119581995, coal potential is discussed and a universal scheme for coal recovery from these wastes is given.
Secondary sedimentary structures of the coal beds 98lw923 and coal-bearing formations, modern coal geology Muraoka, J. Chigaku Zasshi, 1997, 106, (5), 601-13. (In Japanese) Significant information for depositional environment can be ojtained from secondary sedimentary structures of coal beds and coal-bearing formations, as well as primary ones. However, systematic geological investigation for them has not been reported except for washout. Following on from previous reportsstandard error of the mean, secondary sedimentary structures observed by the author are described and investigated in terms of their origins and environments in order to utilize basin analysis for coal exploration. The origin of coal beds is attributed to the peat deposits of the geological age from the various phenomena observed in these sedimentary structures. Secondary sedimentary structures of the coal beds are subdivided and described.
Sodium and oxygen in Nigerian coals: possible effects on ash fouling
98mo924
Ewa, I. 0. B. et al. .I. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A: Envirop. Sci. Eng. Toxic Hazard. Subst. Control, 1996, A31, (S), 2011-2078. High sodium levels of feed-coals cause ash fouling during heat transfers in coal power plants. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used in determining the concentration of some alkali elements associated with ash fouling for eight Nigerian coals. Sodium levels were generally low. Oxygen concentrations considered as an indicative measure of the wettability for each of the coals were determined. The paper discusses the possible effects of the concentration of these elements on ash fouling.
Structural characterization of oils g nerated by the Gray-King pyrolysis of vitraina and oillvitrain r ation.
98100925
Iglesias, M. J. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9702 f,Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume l), 285-288. An understanding of the chemistry of coal conver$on and utilization can be enhanced by studying the physico-chemical characterization and development of structural models of vitrinite as well as the study of the influence of the chemical structures of vitrinite on its reflectance. To achieve this, the degradation of the macromolecules into representative fragments combined with the direct characterization of vitrinite in solid state is probably the most suitable procedure. FTIR and NMR analyses of the oil generated by Gray-King pyrolysis of six almost pure vitrinites isolated from the other organic components in natural conditions are described. The results obtained were compared with those of the petrological and geochemical characterization of the raw materials, permitting a thorough study of the influence of chemical structures on vitrinite reflectance to be made.
98fOO928
Study on crosslinking
density of coal macro-
molecules Chen, C. et al. Huadong Ligong Daxue Xuebao, 1996, 22, (6), 690-694. (In Chinese) The change in coal before and after solvent extraction was measured with the Kovac-Peppas method. The decreased of crosslinking density was observed by both pyridine and cyclohexanone extraction-of raw- coal. However, the crosslinking density of alkali pre-treated coal changed in different ways, which increases after pyridine extraction, but decreases after cyclohexanone extraction.
Sulfur- and nitrogen-containing phenol-formaldehyde co-reaitea for probing the thermal behavior of heteroatomic forma in solid fuels
98lw927
Ismail, K. et al. Polymer, 1996, 37, (18) 4041-4048. A series of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing co-resites have been prepared for probing the formation of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing gases during the pyrolysis and combustion ofcoals and other solid fuels. These co-resites use phenol with thiophene+ dibenzothiophene, di-Ph sulfide, benzyl Ph sulfide, thioanisole, S-hydroxy-quinoline and 2-hydroxycarbazole as the second component. A mole ratio of 3:l was adopted to ensure a reasonably high degree of cross-linking was achieved. Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the virtually complete elimination of ether and methyl functions from the resoles by curing at 200°C. The resultant resites were also characterized by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, XPS and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Simple air oxidation was found to selectively convert the aliphatic-bound sulfur to a mixture of sulfones and sulfoxides. The paper describes application of the resites in fuel science. 98fW928 Systematica and classification of coal Janlenko, S. et al. Chemical Fiz. Wegla, 1995, 14-54. (In Polish). Edited by Jasienko, S., Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej, Wroclaw, Poland. . 98foo929
X-ray diffraction studies of amorphous structure in
vitrinite
Zhang, D. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 25, (l), 72-77. (In Chinese) After reviewing the classic structural model of coal, the new concept of multi-element amorphous structure of coal was put forward. X-ray diffraction was used to study the radial distribution of atoms in coals, The results have shown that there are aromatic carbon atom layers and alicyclic carbon atom layers in the macromolecules of coal, both the aromatic layers and alicyclic layer scatter X-ray coherently and that the order of amorphous coal structure is ~1 nm. The model and variation of amorphous coal structure were discussed.
Preparation Apparatus for cleaning and claaalfying coal and other minerals
98fw930
Blaszczynski, S. Pol. PL 172,424 (Cl. B03B5/16), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 301,702, 29 Dee 1993, 4 pp. (In Polish) A cylindrical working chamber with an inlet nozzle and a porous bottom, a water chamber with an inlet, a discharge nozzle, and an overflow nozzle are included in this apparatus. The working chamber is supported by springs and subjected to high frequency and low amplitude vibration.
Automated dispensing of flotation reagents and of liquid flocculation agents
98foo931
Pogorelov, 0. A. and Potakov, V. A. Vgol’ Ukr., 1996, (12) Russian) A microprocessor-based hpparatus for automated dispensing used in coal beneficiation has been developed.
21-22.
(In
of liquids
Bed blending of coals 98foo932 Poultney, R. M. Fuel, 1997, 76, (13) 1297-1300. Bed blending is designed to improve the quality and consistency of the blended material. However, variations sometimes occur in beds, and so monitoring is necessary. Automatic petrographical techniques have been developed to detect. the distribution of low-grade filler material within coal layers and major components in blend samples. Uneven distribution of filler was identified as the major cause of variations in the properties of coke produced from coal blends. As a result, the consistency of the chemical and rheological properties of the blend and the physical properties of the coke were improved owing to changes made to bed construction. 98100933
Beneficiation classified fuel
of anthracites
Kudinov, Russian)
V. D.
G. G. and Kazimirov,
and production
Vgol’ Ukr., 1996, (12)
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
of
15-19. (In
March 1998 87