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01383 Solar lanterns for rural households
07 properties of rice husk should be properly understood for the design of thermochemical conversion systems. This study provides information on moisture content, bulk density, particle size, heating values, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, ash composition, and ash fusibility characteristics for six rice husk varieties. The differences in characteristics have significant effects on the chemical properties of rice husk.
Possibility of poplar biomass production as raw gal01 370 materlal for bioenergy production
Markovic, J. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. BJoenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 1, 739-744. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The results of research into potential biomass production of small-size poplars that can be used for the production of bioenergy are presented. The possibility of biomass production was researched in one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year and five-year rotations, and plantations established by poplar rooted cuttings, roots and seedlings, regenerated by coppice vigour after felling. The paper presents the main elements of the technology of plantation establishment, tending and protection, with the main characteristics reeardine the number and size of averaee trees. as well as the structurg percintage of wood and bark in the toral produced biomass.
Preparation of straw-based fuels 98Jo1371 Hersener, J. L. and Hartmann, H. VDI-Ber., 1997, 1319, 19-29. (In German) Discusses the production of biomass fuels from straw, grass, and various cop residues. Pressurized combustion of biomass-derived, low 98lOl372 calorific value, fuel gas
Andries, J. et al. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th. 1996, 2, 1301-1305. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. As part of the JOULE 3 programme, the EU is partially funding experimental and theoretical research on the pressurized combustion of biomass-derived, LCV, fuel gas. European Gas Turbines Ltd. will design, manufacture and supply a pressurized, high temperature combustor for the biomass derived, LCV, fuel gas matched to the Delft gasifier. When installed in the Delft test rig, experiments will be carried out to gather experimental data on the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the combustor. Mathematical models to simulate the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the combustor will be developed. The refined and validated steadv state and dvnamic combustor models will be used bv Euronean Gas Turbines Ltd. to develop a gas turbine model which will be’incorporated in a plant layout for an advanced biomass-fuelled IGCC plant. A detailed description is given of the objectives of the project, the test rig to be used and the time schedule of the project. The paper-describes some-preliminary experimental results.
98101373
Pressurized fluidized bed gasification of biomass
98101374
Pressurized steam drying of biofuel
Wallin, M. and Padban, N. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1392-1397. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. At Lund University, Sweden, the pressurized fluidized bed biomass gasifier has provided a new set of data. Process gas composition has been monitored at between 800 to 9OO”C, between 12 and 20 bar and actual to stoichiometric air to fuel ratios between 0.29 and 0.45. This paper discusses the results from bed material analyses and agglomeration and defluidization experiences.
Jensen, A. S. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf, 9th, 1996, 2, 937-941. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Qxford, UK. The design and operation are given of a steam dryer capable of evaporating 33 tons/h water from 80 tons/h biofuels.
Properties of Danish biofuels and the requirements 98lo1375 for power production
Sander. B. Biomass Bioenew, 1997, 12. (3). 177-183. ’ ELSAM is obliged, owing togovernment demand, to utilize large amounts of biofuels for power production. Straw and wood chips are the most abundant biofuels in Denmark, and an overview of fuel composition in comparison with coal is given. Straw contains high levels of chlorine and potassium, causing a number of serious technical problems in power production plants and therefore the possibility of reducing these levels has been investigated. Cultivation trials were established in the growing seasons of 1993 and 1994. No correlation was seen between the content of potassium and chlorine in straw and soil type, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer dose, pesticide dose and geographical location. There is a strong correlation between chlorine content in straw and supply of chlorine with fertilizer. The content of potassium and chlorine is dependent on the variety. Rain after harvest leaches significant amounts of potassium and chlorine from straw lying in the field.
P rolysis kinetics of coal and blomass. Compara90lO1376 tive investigat Yons and evaluation of kinetic para eters
Seebauer, V. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, 593- 3 6. Experiments have been conducted with the objective of finding the kinetic parameters for the modelling of the thermal degradation of solid fuels. Coal or biomass samples were pyrolysed in a thermobalance (TGA) with a complete record of all products. Continuous gas analysis is performed
Alternative
energy sources (bioconversion
energy)
utilizing FTIR-spectroscopy and a hydrogen analyser based on heat conduction. The influence of particle size and pressure on the pyrolysis of different solid fuels is studied. The behaviour of several coal and biomass types are compared. 90lo1377
Quality of solid biomass fuels-influence
of crop
manaoement -~=- ~-;
Lewandowskt., I. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th. 1996, 1, 61-65. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The paper investigates the effects of different measures of crop management on the aualitv of solid biomass fuel. Biomass aualitv. esneciallv the chloride, pota’ssium, nitrogen, ash and water content, was found co be influenced by the choice of the plant species, variety, location, fertilization, plant protection, date of harvest and harvest technology.
98lO1378 Recent results and plans concerning co-gasification of biomass and coal-an overview
Kurkela, E. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 1, 164-169. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. A potential cost-effective method for COz emissions reduction of coalbased energy production in short and medium time-scale exists in atmospheric pressure gasification of biomass and waste fuels and co-firing of produced gas in large utility boilers. The commercialization of cogasification technologies-will also promote the development and commercialization of advanced biomass-based power production systems, such as IGCC. Extensive test programmes included several different feedstock combinations and gasification processes. The achievements of which are described, with a summary of further activities.
98/01379 Removal of tar by secondary air in fluidized-bed gasification of residual biomass
Pan, Y. G. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703 (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 1307-1310. Raw material type and operating conditions have a substantial influence on the tar contents in the exit gas. This was revealed by the results obtained from fluidized-bed gasification of forest residue, lignite, and waste woods. Experiments injecting secondary air to the bed above the screw-feeder were carried out over a wide range of the secondary to primary air rate for removal of tar in the gasification of forest residue. This study has shown that an optimum secondary to primary air rate ratio is attained at about 20%.
98lO1380 Results on bioenergy use and conversion in the Finnish Bioenerav Research Proaram Asplund, D. A. anz*Helynen, S. A. &mass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioeneqy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1074-1079. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford;.UK. In the field of bioenergy use and conversion of biomass, the principle aims of the programme are the development and demonstration of at least three to four new equipment or methods for handling and use of biofuels, demonstration of at least three to four large-scale biofuel end-use technologies, each of which should have a potential of 0.2-0.3 million ton/year until the year 2000. Finally, it hopes to develop two to three new methods for the production and utilization of liquefied, gasified and other converted biofuels. The production target is 0.2-0.3 million ton per year by 2005 at a competitive price level. Examples of the work undertaken with the goal to develop a system which could handle source separated waste suitable for modern fluidized bed boilers, are presented. The locus of research has been on the quality testing, control and improvement of pyrolysis oils. Work completed and underway is discussed.
98/01381
Review of biomass as a source of energy for Poland
Leszczynski, S. et al. Energy Sources, 1997, 19, (8) 845-850. Biomass is reviewed as a source of energy in Poland. Topics include: characteristics of biomass, estimates of biomass energetics resources in Poland and methods of energy recovery from biomass are discussed. Biomass has not previously been considered as an energy source in Poland, and fossil fuel combustion generates over 95% of power.
98lO1382 Small scale gasification of short rotation coppice willow for electricity generation
Dawson, W. M. et al. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1289-1294. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The conversion of wood thip from short rotation coppice willow has been mainly completed with small dispersed systems suitable for the farm structure found in Northern Ireland. The development of a 100 kW(,) downdraft gasification, combined heat and power system identified a number of problems including fuel characteristics and gas clean up. Modifications to fuel feed systems, hearth design and particulate and tar removal methods have resulted consistent production of high quality gas for the diesel engine used for electricity generation.
98lO1383
Solar lanterns for rural households
Roy, J. and Jana, S. Energv, 1998, 23, (l), 67-68. Investments in solar lanterns have been justified by using household-survey data in a village of West Bengal. A government distribution program alone cannot sustain this activity. Willingness to pay by households for the new technology determines success of the programme.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1998
121
Possibility of poplar biomass production as raw gal01 370 materlal for bioenergy production
Markovic, J. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. BJoenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 1, 739-744. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The results of research into potential biomass production of small-size poplars that can be used for the production of bioenergy are presented. The possibility of biomass production was researched in one-year, two-year, three-year, four-year and five-year rotations, and plantations established by poplar rooted cuttings, roots and seedlings, regenerated by coppice vigour after felling. The paper presents the main elements of the technology of plantation establishment, tending and protection, with the main characteristics reeardine the number and size of averaee trees. as well as the structurg percintage of wood and bark in the toral produced biomass.
Preparation of straw-based fuels 98Jo1371 Hersener, J. L. and Hartmann, H. VDI-Ber., 1997, 1319, 19-29. (In German) Discusses the production of biomass fuels from straw, grass, and various cop residues. Pressurized combustion of biomass-derived, low 98lOl372 calorific value, fuel gas
Andries, J. et al. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th. 1996, 2, 1301-1305. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. As part of the JOULE 3 programme, the EU is partially funding experimental and theoretical research on the pressurized combustion of biomass-derived, LCV, fuel gas. European Gas Turbines Ltd. will design, manufacture and supply a pressurized, high temperature combustor for the biomass derived, LCV, fuel gas matched to the Delft gasifier. When installed in the Delft test rig, experiments will be carried out to gather experimental data on the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the combustor. Mathematical models to simulate the steady state and dynamic behaviour of the combustor will be developed. The refined and validated steadv state and dvnamic combustor models will be used bv Euronean Gas Turbines Ltd. to develop a gas turbine model which will be’incorporated in a plant layout for an advanced biomass-fuelled IGCC plant. A detailed description is given of the objectives of the project, the test rig to be used and the time schedule of the project. The paper-describes some-preliminary experimental results.
98101373
Pressurized fluidized bed gasification of biomass
98101374
Pressurized steam drying of biofuel
Wallin, M. and Padban, N. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1392-1397. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. At Lund University, Sweden, the pressurized fluidized bed biomass gasifier has provided a new set of data. Process gas composition has been monitored at between 800 to 9OO”C, between 12 and 20 bar and actual to stoichiometric air to fuel ratios between 0.29 and 0.45. This paper discusses the results from bed material analyses and agglomeration and defluidization experiences.
Jensen, A. S. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf, 9th, 1996, 2, 937-941. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Qxford, UK. The design and operation are given of a steam dryer capable of evaporating 33 tons/h water from 80 tons/h biofuels.
Properties of Danish biofuels and the requirements 98lo1375 for power production
Sander. B. Biomass Bioenew, 1997, 12. (3). 177-183. ’ ELSAM is obliged, owing togovernment demand, to utilize large amounts of biofuels for power production. Straw and wood chips are the most abundant biofuels in Denmark, and an overview of fuel composition in comparison with coal is given. Straw contains high levels of chlorine and potassium, causing a number of serious technical problems in power production plants and therefore the possibility of reducing these levels has been investigated. Cultivation trials were established in the growing seasons of 1993 and 1994. No correlation was seen between the content of potassium and chlorine in straw and soil type, nitrogen and potassium fertilizer dose, pesticide dose and geographical location. There is a strong correlation between chlorine content in straw and supply of chlorine with fertilizer. The content of potassium and chlorine is dependent on the variety. Rain after harvest leaches significant amounts of potassium and chlorine from straw lying in the field.
P rolysis kinetics of coal and blomass. Compara90lO1376 tive investigat Yons and evaluation of kinetic para eters
Seebauer, V. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, 593- 3 6. Experiments have been conducted with the objective of finding the kinetic parameters for the modelling of the thermal degradation of solid fuels. Coal or biomass samples were pyrolysed in a thermobalance (TGA) with a complete record of all products. Continuous gas analysis is performed
Alternative
energy sources (bioconversion
energy)
utilizing FTIR-spectroscopy and a hydrogen analyser based on heat conduction. The influence of particle size and pressure on the pyrolysis of different solid fuels is studied. The behaviour of several coal and biomass types are compared. 90lo1377
Quality of solid biomass fuels-influence
of crop
manaoement -~=- ~-;
Lewandowskt., I. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th. 1996, 1, 61-65. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The paper investigates the effects of different measures of crop management on the aualitv of solid biomass fuel. Biomass aualitv. esneciallv the chloride, pota’ssium, nitrogen, ash and water content, was found co be influenced by the choice of the plant species, variety, location, fertilization, plant protection, date of harvest and harvest technology.
98lO1378 Recent results and plans concerning co-gasification of biomass and coal-an overview
Kurkela, E. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 1, 164-169. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. A potential cost-effective method for COz emissions reduction of coalbased energy production in short and medium time-scale exists in atmospheric pressure gasification of biomass and waste fuels and co-firing of produced gas in large utility boilers. The commercialization of cogasification technologies-will also promote the development and commercialization of advanced biomass-based power production systems, such as IGCC. Extensive test programmes included several different feedstock combinations and gasification processes. The achievements of which are described, with a summary of further activities.
98/01379 Removal of tar by secondary air in fluidized-bed gasification of residual biomass
Pan, Y. G. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703 (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2), 1307-1310. Raw material type and operating conditions have a substantial influence on the tar contents in the exit gas. This was revealed by the results obtained from fluidized-bed gasification of forest residue, lignite, and waste woods. Experiments injecting secondary air to the bed above the screw-feeder were carried out over a wide range of the secondary to primary air rate for removal of tar in the gasification of forest residue. This study has shown that an optimum secondary to primary air rate ratio is attained at about 20%.
98lO1380 Results on bioenergy use and conversion in the Finnish Bioenerav Research Proaram Asplund, D. A. anz*Helynen, S. A. &mass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioeneqy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1074-1079. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford;.UK. In the field of bioenergy use and conversion of biomass, the principle aims of the programme are the development and demonstration of at least three to four new equipment or methods for handling and use of biofuels, demonstration of at least three to four large-scale biofuel end-use technologies, each of which should have a potential of 0.2-0.3 million ton/year until the year 2000. Finally, it hopes to develop two to three new methods for the production and utilization of liquefied, gasified and other converted biofuels. The production target is 0.2-0.3 million ton per year by 2005 at a competitive price level. Examples of the work undertaken with the goal to develop a system which could handle source separated waste suitable for modern fluidized bed boilers, are presented. The locus of research has been on the quality testing, control and improvement of pyrolysis oils. Work completed and underway is discussed.
98/01381
Review of biomass as a source of energy for Poland
Leszczynski, S. et al. Energy Sources, 1997, 19, (8) 845-850. Biomass is reviewed as a source of energy in Poland. Topics include: characteristics of biomass, estimates of biomass energetics resources in Poland and methods of energy recovery from biomass are discussed. Biomass has not previously been considered as an energy source in Poland, and fossil fuel combustion generates over 95% of power.
98lO1382 Small scale gasification of short rotation coppice willow for electricity generation
Dawson, W. M. et al. Biomass Energy Environ., Proc. Eur. Bioenergy Conf., 9th, 1996, 2, 1289-1294. Edited by Chartier, P., Elsevier, Oxford, UK. The conversion of wood thip from short rotation coppice willow has been mainly completed with small dispersed systems suitable for the farm structure found in Northern Ireland. The development of a 100 kW(,) downdraft gasification, combined heat and power system identified a number of problems including fuel characteristics and gas clean up. Modifications to fuel feed systems, hearth design and particulate and tar removal methods have resulted consistent production of high quality gas for the diesel engine used for electricity generation.
98lO1383
Solar lanterns for rural households
Roy, J. and Jana, S. Energv, 1998, 23, (l), 67-68. Investments in solar lanterns have been justified by using household-survey data in a village of West Bengal. A government distribution program alone cannot sustain this activity. Willingness to pay by households for the new technology determines success of the programme.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1998
121