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01905 Influence of throughput ratio on the coking behaviour of Shengil vacuum residue
07
Combustible carbonaceous compositions method of manufacturing briquettes thereof
98/01899
and
Landis, C. R. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 814,147 (Cl. ClOL5/04), 29 Dee 1997, US Appl. 852,678, 7 May 1997, 7 pp. A combustible carbonaceous composition and method of making a charcoal briquette is described. A finely divided carbonaceous material is combined with an activated carbon and/or an activated graphite (which may be formed in-situ during pyrolysis of the composition by reacting a humic-containing ore with a low VOC-containing carbon and/or graphite). The combustible carbonaceous composition is present in the briquette composition in an amount of -65% to -99.9% by weight; a binder may be included in the composition in an amount of -1% to -15% by weight when forming a charcoal briquette or an igniter log; and the activated carbon and/or activated graphite is present in an amount of -0.1% to -20% by weight. The activated carbon and/or activated graphite absorbs most of the VOCs entitled from the combustible carbonaceous material, which prevents the VOCs from escaping to the atmosphere.
Comparative study of computer methods for auto99/01900 mated measurement of the porosity of electrode cokes. Kolowca, M. and Dlugosz, A. Karbo-Energochemical-Ekol., 1997,42, (lo), 341-348. (In Polish) Based on microscope photographs, computer methods were compared for automatic measurement of the electrode coke porosity. Segmentation methods were applied for isolating the pore system from the photograph. Segmentation results were presented of the electrode cokes obtained by using different methods. Their usefulness in the analysis of coke porosity was compared. The most suitable method is the fields sensitivity method.
SW01901
Delayed coking: industrial and laboratory aspects
Rodrigeuz-Reinoso, F. er al. Carbon, 1998, 36, (l), 105-116. Conversion of petroleum residues to a solid coke material is possible with delayed coking-is a thermal process. Such processes are complicated and laboratory-scale attempts have been made to simulate industrial delayed coking. Although useful, it is impossible to scale-down to laboratory level, as industrial delayed coking is a turbulent process and such movements cannot be easily simulated in the laboratory. Multiphase systems are of industrial importance. Four petroleum residues were analysed chemically. Pyrolysis was carried out under pressures of up to 1.0 MPa. Complete mass balances were obtained and the semi-cokes were examined by optical microscopy. Delayed coker feedstocks can be blends of petroleum residues, some of which can produce considerable amounts of volatile materials. Volatile evolution, at the optimum operating condition of the delayed coker, can bring about improvements in resultant coke quality. In industrial delayed coking it is important not only to consider the chemistry of the feedstocks, but also the physico-chemical aspects of the operation of the coker.
Solid fuels (derived
solid fuels)
SW01905 Influence of throughput ratio on the coking behaviour of Shengli vacuum residue
Sun, Z. er al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (4), 10-16. (In Chinese) A study was carried out to investigate the coking behaviour of seven samples prepared from Shengli vacuum residue and a coking feedstock with throughput ratio (TPR) of 0.00, 0.05,0.10, 0.15.0.20, 0.25 and 0.30, using a thermogravimetric analyser. Based on the Sharp differential method, the thermogravimetric data of samples with TPR ~0.10 correlated well with the first-order kinetics in two separate temperature regions, namely, higher and lower temperature regions. There is a transition temperature region between higher and lower temperature regions when TPR >O.lO. The kinetic parameters of seven samples in the temperature regions were estimated by least square curve fitting. The rate of coke formation of the whole sample increases as TPR decreases, and that of vacuum residue decreases as TPR decreases. 98lOl908 Manufacture of coal briquets Lurji, V. G. and Terentev, Y. I. Russ. RU 2,087,527 (Cl. ClOLS/O8), 20 Aug 1997, Appl. 95,115,706, 6 Sep 1995. From Izobreteniya 1997, (23), 272. (In Russian)
98/01907
Manufacture of coal fuel briquets
Shimamura, M. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,316,471 [97,316,471] (Cl. ClOL5/02), 9 Dee 1997, Appl. . . 96/153,347, 24 Mav 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Low-rank coal is wet-milled to produce a powdered coal with grain size
Method for predicting the diameter of coke gains in chamber-type coke ovens
Fukada, K. el al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 67,579 [97 675791 (Cl. ClOB4S/OO), 11 Mar 1997, Appl. 95/245,261, 31 Aug 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The following equation is implemented to predict the diameter of coke gains in chamber-type coke ovens: D = o x (S/F),r” + /3, in which D is the average diameter (mm)of coke gains, S is the tensile strength of coal feeds, F is the applied tensile stress of coal feeds and n and 0 are the constants of coke oven.
98/01909 briquette
Modelling of sulfur retention by limestone in coal
Hu, Z. et al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (4), 17-22. (In Chinese) was used as a catalyst in the preparation of The solid superacid ZrOz/S04’light diesel oil heavy fraction (LDOHF) olirromers. which were investigated ai additives to a special petroleum pitch ii terms of coking behaviour at normal pressure. Experimental results showed excellent optical anisotropy texture but lower vield in relation to coke from LDOHF olieomers. and fine mosaic texture and higher yield in relation to coke from petroleum pitch. The mixture of LDOHF oligomers and petroleum pitch showed a higher yield as well as better anisotropic texture. These-findings suggest that LDOHF oligomers could be used as additives to improve thermal condensation behaviour of coal tar or petroleum pitches.
Chen, C. and Kojima, T. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 53, (1,2), 49-67. This paper reviews a detailed simulation model developed for sulfur retention by limestone in a coal briquette. Four submodels (coal briquette combustion, volatile and sulfur evolution, HzS retention, and SO2 retention) were included in the simulation. In the model, the coal briquette combustion was divided into two successive stages: volatile ignition and char burnout. The temperature profile and its time variation, sulfur release and retention behaviour within the burning coal briquette for the two stages were simulated separately. The sulfate formation occurs in the ash layer within which oxygen exists, and SOz retention was simulated as a result of the competition among the sulfate formation with the calcined limestone, SO2 diffusion in the ash layer and its emission from the briquette surface. The sulfur retention by limestone in a spherical centimetre sized coal briquette was simulated by the model. The effects of heating rate, briquette size, calcium to sulfur ratio (Ca/S), and volatile matter of coal on the sulfur retention were predicted. The simulation results showed that rapid heating condition was good for both the HzS retention in the volatile and the SO2 retention in the combustion gas. The simulation also predicted a higher SO2 retention for a larger sized coal briquette. A higher sulfur retention was found in coals of higher rank and lower organic sulfur contents.
Fe-Si promoter for sulfur capture during coal 98101903 briquette combustion
98/01910 material
Moisture
Xin, L. et al. J. Environ. Sci., 1997, 9, (4), 496-500. A new Fe-Si promoter for sulfur capture is introduced for the combustion of coal-briquette combustion at high temperature. Various factors affecting sulfur removal efficiency, such as coal and sorbent particle size, shaping pressure, Ca:Fe:Si ratios, combustion temperature, etc., were studied. Xray diffraction, energy-dispersion X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy were used to characterize the slag left after combustion. A new thermally stable CaFe3(SiO&OH phase was identified, which might explain its stabilizing role in sulfur fixation.
Hosomi, K. and Honma, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,689 [97,328,689] (Cl. ClOB57/10), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/149,065, 11 Jun 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Moisture content of raw coal can be controlled for coking with high accuracy by calculating the heat requirement for target moisture of dried raw coal. Inputs used are moisture content, temperature and processing amount of raw coal prior to feeding to an indirect heating-type dryer and temperature of dried raw coal from the dryer discharge. The method comprises feedback-control correcting the pressure of input steam by comparing the moisture adhered to the dried coal with a target value of dried coal moisture. The output of the feedback control is through a fuzzy control.
Effect on coking behaviour of a special petroleum pitch by the addition of the heavy fraction of light diesel oil oligomers
Sal01 902
Grinding of a solid reductant used in production of anode material
98101904
1996, (9) 31-32. (In Russian) Dorofeev, Y. G. ef al. Metal@., The authors investigate the grinding of coal for iron concentrate briquettes, used as anodes in aqueous iron salt electrolysis. The tests were carried out on coal with 3.2 mm particle size in a cone crusher.
99lo1911
control
method
of coking
coal raw
New coke-manufacturing processes
Rudyka, V. 1. and Malina, V. P. Koks Khim.. 1997. 110). \ ,I 39-44. Russian) This review discusses modern concepts in coke manufacturing.
Fuel 8nd Energy Absfrscfs
May 1999
(In
175
Combustible carbonaceous compositions method of manufacturing briquettes thereof
98/01899
and
Landis, C. R. Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 814,147 (Cl. ClOL5/04), 29 Dee 1997, US Appl. 852,678, 7 May 1997, 7 pp. A combustible carbonaceous composition and method of making a charcoal briquette is described. A finely divided carbonaceous material is combined with an activated carbon and/or an activated graphite (which may be formed in-situ during pyrolysis of the composition by reacting a humic-containing ore with a low VOC-containing carbon and/or graphite). The combustible carbonaceous composition is present in the briquette composition in an amount of -65% to -99.9% by weight; a binder may be included in the composition in an amount of -1% to -15% by weight when forming a charcoal briquette or an igniter log; and the activated carbon and/or activated graphite is present in an amount of -0.1% to -20% by weight. The activated carbon and/or activated graphite absorbs most of the VOCs entitled from the combustible carbonaceous material, which prevents the VOCs from escaping to the atmosphere.
Comparative study of computer methods for auto99/01900 mated measurement of the porosity of electrode cokes. Kolowca, M. and Dlugosz, A. Karbo-Energochemical-Ekol., 1997,42, (lo), 341-348. (In Polish) Based on microscope photographs, computer methods were compared for automatic measurement of the electrode coke porosity. Segmentation methods were applied for isolating the pore system from the photograph. Segmentation results were presented of the electrode cokes obtained by using different methods. Their usefulness in the analysis of coke porosity was compared. The most suitable method is the fields sensitivity method.
SW01901
Delayed coking: industrial and laboratory aspects
Rodrigeuz-Reinoso, F. er al. Carbon, 1998, 36, (l), 105-116. Conversion of petroleum residues to a solid coke material is possible with delayed coking-is a thermal process. Such processes are complicated and laboratory-scale attempts have been made to simulate industrial delayed coking. Although useful, it is impossible to scale-down to laboratory level, as industrial delayed coking is a turbulent process and such movements cannot be easily simulated in the laboratory. Multiphase systems are of industrial importance. Four petroleum residues were analysed chemically. Pyrolysis was carried out under pressures of up to 1.0 MPa. Complete mass balances were obtained and the semi-cokes were examined by optical microscopy. Delayed coker feedstocks can be blends of petroleum residues, some of which can produce considerable amounts of volatile materials. Volatile evolution, at the optimum operating condition of the delayed coker, can bring about improvements in resultant coke quality. In industrial delayed coking it is important not only to consider the chemistry of the feedstocks, but also the physico-chemical aspects of the operation of the coker.
Solid fuels (derived
solid fuels)
SW01905 Influence of throughput ratio on the coking behaviour of Shengli vacuum residue
Sun, Z. er al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (4), 10-16. (In Chinese) A study was carried out to investigate the coking behaviour of seven samples prepared from Shengli vacuum residue and a coking feedstock with throughput ratio (TPR) of 0.00, 0.05,0.10, 0.15.0.20, 0.25 and 0.30, using a thermogravimetric analyser. Based on the Sharp differential method, the thermogravimetric data of samples with TPR ~0.10 correlated well with the first-order kinetics in two separate temperature regions, namely, higher and lower temperature regions. There is a transition temperature region between higher and lower temperature regions when TPR >O.lO. The kinetic parameters of seven samples in the temperature regions were estimated by least square curve fitting. The rate of coke formation of the whole sample increases as TPR decreases, and that of vacuum residue decreases as TPR decreases. 98lOl908 Manufacture of coal briquets Lurji, V. G. and Terentev, Y. I. Russ. RU 2,087,527 (Cl. ClOLS/O8), 20 Aug 1997, Appl. 95,115,706, 6 Sep 1995. From Izobreteniya 1997, (23), 272. (In Russian)
98/01907
Manufacture of coal fuel briquets
Shimamura, M. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,316,471 [97,316,471] (Cl. ClOL5/02), 9 Dee 1997, Appl. . . 96/153,347, 24 Mav 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Low-rank coal is wet-milled to produce a powdered coal with grain size
Method for predicting the diameter of coke gains in chamber-type coke ovens
Fukada, K. el al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 67,579 [97 675791 (Cl. ClOB4S/OO), 11 Mar 1997, Appl. 95/245,261, 31 Aug 1995, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The following equation is implemented to predict the diameter of coke gains in chamber-type coke ovens: D = o x (S/F),r” + /3, in which D is the average diameter (mm)of coke gains, S is the tensile strength of coal feeds, F is the applied tensile stress of coal feeds and n and 0 are the constants of coke oven.
98/01909 briquette
Modelling of sulfur retention by limestone in coal
Hu, Z. et al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (4), 17-22. (In Chinese) was used as a catalyst in the preparation of The solid superacid ZrOz/S04’light diesel oil heavy fraction (LDOHF) olirromers. which were investigated ai additives to a special petroleum pitch ii terms of coking behaviour at normal pressure. Experimental results showed excellent optical anisotropy texture but lower vield in relation to coke from LDOHF olieomers. and fine mosaic texture and higher yield in relation to coke from petroleum pitch. The mixture of LDOHF oligomers and petroleum pitch showed a higher yield as well as better anisotropic texture. These-findings suggest that LDOHF oligomers could be used as additives to improve thermal condensation behaviour of coal tar or petroleum pitches.
Chen, C. and Kojima, T. Fuel Process. Technol., 1997, 53, (1,2), 49-67. This paper reviews a detailed simulation model developed for sulfur retention by limestone in a coal briquette. Four submodels (coal briquette combustion, volatile and sulfur evolution, HzS retention, and SO2 retention) were included in the simulation. In the model, the coal briquette combustion was divided into two successive stages: volatile ignition and char burnout. The temperature profile and its time variation, sulfur release and retention behaviour within the burning coal briquette for the two stages were simulated separately. The sulfate formation occurs in the ash layer within which oxygen exists, and SOz retention was simulated as a result of the competition among the sulfate formation with the calcined limestone, SO2 diffusion in the ash layer and its emission from the briquette surface. The sulfur retention by limestone in a spherical centimetre sized coal briquette was simulated by the model. The effects of heating rate, briquette size, calcium to sulfur ratio (Ca/S), and volatile matter of coal on the sulfur retention were predicted. The simulation results showed that rapid heating condition was good for both the HzS retention in the volatile and the SO2 retention in the combustion gas. The simulation also predicted a higher SO2 retention for a larger sized coal briquette. A higher sulfur retention was found in coals of higher rank and lower organic sulfur contents.
Fe-Si promoter for sulfur capture during coal 98101903 briquette combustion
98/01910 material
Moisture
Xin, L. et al. J. Environ. Sci., 1997, 9, (4), 496-500. A new Fe-Si promoter for sulfur capture is introduced for the combustion of coal-briquette combustion at high temperature. Various factors affecting sulfur removal efficiency, such as coal and sorbent particle size, shaping pressure, Ca:Fe:Si ratios, combustion temperature, etc., were studied. Xray diffraction, energy-dispersion X-ray analysis and electron spectroscopy were used to characterize the slag left after combustion. A new thermally stable CaFe3(SiO&OH phase was identified, which might explain its stabilizing role in sulfur fixation.
Hosomi, K. and Honma, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,328,689 [97,328,689] (Cl. ClOB57/10), 22 Dee 1997, Appl. 96/149,065, 11 Jun 1996, 6 pp. (In Japanese) Moisture content of raw coal can be controlled for coking with high accuracy by calculating the heat requirement for target moisture of dried raw coal. Inputs used are moisture content, temperature and processing amount of raw coal prior to feeding to an indirect heating-type dryer and temperature of dried raw coal from the dryer discharge. The method comprises feedback-control correcting the pressure of input steam by comparing the moisture adhered to the dried coal with a target value of dried coal moisture. The output of the feedback control is through a fuzzy control.
Effect on coking behaviour of a special petroleum pitch by the addition of the heavy fraction of light diesel oil oligomers
Sal01 902
Grinding of a solid reductant used in production of anode material
98101904
1996, (9) 31-32. (In Russian) Dorofeev, Y. G. ef al. Metal@., The authors investigate the grinding of coal for iron concentrate briquettes, used as anodes in aqueous iron salt electrolysis. The tests were carried out on coal with 3.2 mm particle size in a cone crusher.
99lo1911
control
method
of coking
coal raw
New coke-manufacturing processes
Rudyka, V. 1. and Malina, V. P. Koks Khim.. 1997. 110). \ ,I 39-44. Russian) This review discusses modern concepts in coke manufacturing.
Fuel 8nd Energy Absfrscfs
May 1999
(In
175