- Email: [email protected]
02474 Radioactive gas measurement in underground coal mines
15
Germany, regarding the personal protective equipment to be selected. For the Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG the author describes a volume of 25 million DM/year for consumption of personal safety equipment in coal mining. 98102488
Photochemical particles in atmosphere
degradation
of PAHs on smoke
Wang, W. et al. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 17, (2) 97-102. (In Chinese) Selected oolvcvclic aromatic hvdrocarbons (PAHs). such as benzolalovrene, benzo[b]fluoranthrene, and fiuoranthrene‘ in coal smoke particle’s,- were studied using an indoor Teflon smog chamber to determine their photochemical behaviour. Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAHs is of first order. The rates of PAHs were obtained and the rate constants were proportional to light intensity and water vapour concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also influence PAH degradation rate. A model for PAH loss was developed on the basis of the results; the simulated results suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are several days in Winter and several hours in Summer.
Pollutant emissions from combustion plants 98lO2487 Riva. A. et al. Acaua Aria. 1997. (7). 30, 32. 34-36. (In Italian) A discussion concerning the type and amount of pollutants generated by various types of combustion processes using fossil fuels in relation to Italian pollution standards.
98lo2474
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
Radioactlve gas measurement in underground coal
mines Gua, Y. et al. Min. Sci. Technol., Proc. Int. Symp., 1996, 195-198. Edited by Guo, Y. and Galosinski, T. S., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Generally, radon and its radioactive noble gases exist in the natural world. Manv radiation orotection studies have demonstrated that radon and its daughters are thk main factors in the cause of lung cancer. Many countries, including China, have therefore gradually paid attention to the harm of radioactive gas in underground mines. However, little is known about radon and its potential harm in underground coal mines. A survey of radon in parts of Chinese underground coal mines and the technology of radon measurement in the pit is introduced. Using a scintillation method, the radon concentration undereround and in bulkheads in the DuErPine coal mine has been measured. On the basis of observation data, the harm from radiation is evaluated according to the Chinese standard for radiation protection. The results reveal that the radon concentration of ambient air in underground mines is low, but it is high in bulkheads. This research provides a scientific basis for decision-making concerning coal mine safety and labour protection. It also lays a foundation for applying nuclear detection technology in underground coal mining.
Reduction of dust emissions at coking plants 98io2475 Stefanenko, V. T. et al. Koks Khim., 1997, (8). 25-30. (In Russian) Local exhaust ventilation optimization in coking plants, especially at dry quenching of coke, is discussed. 98lO2478
98lO2488
The possibilities of the absorption of nitric oxides by dense fly ash suspensions. Part I
Sulkowski, W. et al. Chemical Inr. Ekol., 1997, 4, (3), 419-426. (In Polish) The potential of using fly ashes dense suspensions to reduce NO, concentrations in flue gases was studied. The fly ashes contained the lead, chromium, manganese and titanium which could benefit the reduction process of the NO, in the dense suspension of the fly ash. The emf values of the fly ashes indicated their high reduction properties. The nitrates were reduced to free nitrogen through the possible intermediate stage of the reduction to nitrites.
Problems of air pollution in Estonia 98fO2489 Roots, 0. et al. Ekol. Khim., 1997, 6, (2), 128-135. Air pollution from stationary and mobile sources in Estonia forms the subject of this review. Topics discussed include: stationary sources, mobile sources, monitoring and legislation. Properties of mineral components of coals affecting environmental pollution by thermal power plants
98lo2470
Dik, E. P. et al. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Energ., 1997, (5), 65-73. (In Russian) Characterization of the mineral components of coal and coal ashes has been carried out. The role of the mineral components of coal in binding of sulfur is shown, along with data relating to the radioactivity of Russian coals. Coal ashes are demonstrated to be non-toxic to humans. Due to high mineralization, the production of ashes in Russian power plants is much higher than in developed countries. Possible applications for using coal combustion ashes are presented. 98102471
Prospect of microbiological technology for flue gas desulfurization
Wang, W. et al. Huanjing Wuran Yu Fangzhi, 1997, 19, (2), 28-30, 41. (In Chinese) The development of microbial processes for desulfurizing of coal before combustion, industrial flue gas and coal combustion flue gas is presented.
Provisions for safety and rescue of people during 98lo2472 fires in long cuttings Stekol’shchikov, G. G. and Kuz’minich, V. A. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti., 1996, (12), 25-28. (In Russian) Discusses fire safety in coal mines, including the evacuation of miners and fire fighting. 98102473
Pyrolysis gas of biomass and coal as a NO.reductive in a coal fired test facility
Rudiger, H. et al. Combust. Sci. Technol., 1996, 121, (l-6), 299-315. In pulverized coal combustion, pyrolysis gas from biomass and hard coal were used as reburn fuel in an attempt to lower NO, emissions. The results were compared with synthetic reburn fuel mixtures. NO, emissions were at a 200 mg/M’, minimum at 6% 02 in the flue gas. The main parameters are pyrolysis gas composition, stoichiometry and residence time in the reduction zone. Pyrolysis gas produced at =800-900°C reactor temperature, using coal as raw material, produced the best results. However, the pyrolysis temperature showed no distinct influence on NO, reduction using biomass as feedstock.. The nitrogen concentration, especially in the tar components of the pyrolysis gas, appears to have a positive effect on NO, reduction in the reburn zone.
Reduction of fly ash emissions at a thermal power plant in electric gas cleaning
Zykov, A. M. et al. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Energ., 1997, (5), 58-64. (In Russian) Discusses the causes of inefficient operation of the electrofilters at Russian power plants. Consideration is also given to the modernization of electrofilters with the aim of decreasing fly ash emissions.
Reduction of SOn emissions from a fluidized bed under staged combustion by fine limestone
98lo2477
Knan, W. Z. and Gibbs, B. M. Environ. Int., 1997, 23, (2), 227-236. The effects of operating variables on emissions of SOz in staged combustion with a stainless steel combustor. Fluidizing air was supplied through a multihole distributor. The experiments were carried out for fluidizing velocities of l-2 m/s.~bed temoerature of 830-880°C. 20-40% excess air. and bed particle sizes of 0.313 and 0.655 mm. The bed temperature, fluidizing velocity, and excess air level had a significant effect on SO2 emissions reduction during staged combustion. A-maximum reduction of 64% was obtained at 70:30 stage, 830°C bed temperature and 1.0 m/s fluidizine velocitv. The zero or neeative emissions reduction resulted from the balaice between the SOz pi&-up by limestone in the region where oxidizing conditions prevail and the release of SOz, already captured elsewhere in the combustor, from CaS04 in reducing regions. I
98102478
Removal
of pollutants
from waste
gases
by
adsorption Rolke, D. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,620,129 (Cl. BOlDS3/04), 20 Nov 1997, Appl. 19,620,129, 18 May 1996, 4 pp. (In German) Purification of the waste gases is performed by passing them through a fixed or moving bed containing 5-80 wt% granular carbon-rich adsorbent and balance granular inert material at 20-200°C. The bulk density of the inert material is 80-300% of the bulk density of the carbonaceous material. The process removes heavy metals, heavy metal compounds and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from waste gases or polluted air. There is no occurrence of self-ignition, heating, or caking of the adsorbent. 98lo2479
Removal of toxic nonmetallic oxide gases from
gases Makina, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 00,335 [98 00,335] (Cl. BOlD53/62), 6 Jan 1998, Appl. 96/151,284, 12 Jun 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) In order to remove the oxides, gases containing toxic non-metallic oxide gases are contacted with peat moss. 98102480
Respirable airborne dust exposure levels In the New South Wales coal mining industry
Glover, D. and Cram, K. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 1997, 12, (12), 980987. For the New South Wales coal mining industry, airborne dust sampling methodology, instrumentation and exposure standards are discussed. Eleven years of results from personal dust monitoring of the mining industry work force, with particular emphasis on long-walls is also presented. The overall improvements to work force exposure levels, and the systems and techniques which led to these improvements, are also dealt with, as are respirable quartz levels, sources of respirable quartz, and difficulties of compliance with Coal Mine Regulation Act requirements. The non-punitive nature of the regulations and the mutual co-operation between manaeement and unions in the interoretation and use of monitoring programme results to achieve overall improvements in airborne dust levels throughout the industry are also examined. Also discussed is the use of wetting agents (surfactants) for dust suppression and roadway consolidation in both underground and open cut operations. Periodic health screening and results of epidemiological studies of the work force by
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998 223
Germany, regarding the personal protective equipment to be selected. For the Ruhrkohle Bergbau AG the author describes a volume of 25 million DM/year for consumption of personal safety equipment in coal mining. 98102488
Photochemical particles in atmosphere
degradation
of PAHs on smoke
Wang, W. et al. Zhongguo Huanjing Kexue, 1997, 17, (2) 97-102. (In Chinese) Selected oolvcvclic aromatic hvdrocarbons (PAHs). such as benzolalovrene, benzo[b]fluoranthrene, and fiuoranthrene‘ in coal smoke particle’s,- were studied using an indoor Teflon smog chamber to determine their photochemical behaviour. Experiments suggest that the photochemical reaction of PAHs is of first order. The rates of PAHs were obtained and the rate constants were proportional to light intensity and water vapour concentration. Temperature and PAH loading also influence PAH degradation rate. A model for PAH loss was developed on the basis of the results; the simulated results suggest that coal particle PAH half lives are several days in Winter and several hours in Summer.
Pollutant emissions from combustion plants 98lO2487 Riva. A. et al. Acaua Aria. 1997. (7). 30, 32. 34-36. (In Italian) A discussion concerning the type and amount of pollutants generated by various types of combustion processes using fossil fuels in relation to Italian pollution standards.
98lo2474
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
Radioactlve gas measurement in underground coal
mines Gua, Y. et al. Min. Sci. Technol., Proc. Int. Symp., 1996, 195-198. Edited by Guo, Y. and Galosinski, T. S., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Generally, radon and its radioactive noble gases exist in the natural world. Manv radiation orotection studies have demonstrated that radon and its daughters are thk main factors in the cause of lung cancer. Many countries, including China, have therefore gradually paid attention to the harm of radioactive gas in underground mines. However, little is known about radon and its potential harm in underground coal mines. A survey of radon in parts of Chinese underground coal mines and the technology of radon measurement in the pit is introduced. Using a scintillation method, the radon concentration undereround and in bulkheads in the DuErPine coal mine has been measured. On the basis of observation data, the harm from radiation is evaluated according to the Chinese standard for radiation protection. The results reveal that the radon concentration of ambient air in underground mines is low, but it is high in bulkheads. This research provides a scientific basis for decision-making concerning coal mine safety and labour protection. It also lays a foundation for applying nuclear detection technology in underground coal mining.
Reduction of dust emissions at coking plants 98io2475 Stefanenko, V. T. et al. Koks Khim., 1997, (8). 25-30. (In Russian) Local exhaust ventilation optimization in coking plants, especially at dry quenching of coke, is discussed. 98lO2478
98lO2488
The possibilities of the absorption of nitric oxides by dense fly ash suspensions. Part I
Sulkowski, W. et al. Chemical Inr. Ekol., 1997, 4, (3), 419-426. (In Polish) The potential of using fly ashes dense suspensions to reduce NO, concentrations in flue gases was studied. The fly ashes contained the lead, chromium, manganese and titanium which could benefit the reduction process of the NO, in the dense suspension of the fly ash. The emf values of the fly ashes indicated their high reduction properties. The nitrates were reduced to free nitrogen through the possible intermediate stage of the reduction to nitrites.
Problems of air pollution in Estonia 98fO2489 Roots, 0. et al. Ekol. Khim., 1997, 6, (2), 128-135. Air pollution from stationary and mobile sources in Estonia forms the subject of this review. Topics discussed include: stationary sources, mobile sources, monitoring and legislation. Properties of mineral components of coals affecting environmental pollution by thermal power plants
98lo2470
Dik, E. P. et al. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Energ., 1997, (5), 65-73. (In Russian) Characterization of the mineral components of coal and coal ashes has been carried out. The role of the mineral components of coal in binding of sulfur is shown, along with data relating to the radioactivity of Russian coals. Coal ashes are demonstrated to be non-toxic to humans. Due to high mineralization, the production of ashes in Russian power plants is much higher than in developed countries. Possible applications for using coal combustion ashes are presented. 98102471
Prospect of microbiological technology for flue gas desulfurization
Wang, W. et al. Huanjing Wuran Yu Fangzhi, 1997, 19, (2), 28-30, 41. (In Chinese) The development of microbial processes for desulfurizing of coal before combustion, industrial flue gas and coal combustion flue gas is presented.
Provisions for safety and rescue of people during 98lo2472 fires in long cuttings Stekol’shchikov, G. G. and Kuz’minich, V. A. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti., 1996, (12), 25-28. (In Russian) Discusses fire safety in coal mines, including the evacuation of miners and fire fighting. 98102473
Pyrolysis gas of biomass and coal as a NO.reductive in a coal fired test facility
Rudiger, H. et al. Combust. Sci. Technol., 1996, 121, (l-6), 299-315. In pulverized coal combustion, pyrolysis gas from biomass and hard coal were used as reburn fuel in an attempt to lower NO, emissions. The results were compared with synthetic reburn fuel mixtures. NO, emissions were at a 200 mg/M’, minimum at 6% 02 in the flue gas. The main parameters are pyrolysis gas composition, stoichiometry and residence time in the reduction zone. Pyrolysis gas produced at =800-900°C reactor temperature, using coal as raw material, produced the best results. However, the pyrolysis temperature showed no distinct influence on NO, reduction using biomass as feedstock.. The nitrogen concentration, especially in the tar components of the pyrolysis gas, appears to have a positive effect on NO, reduction in the reburn zone.
Reduction of fly ash emissions at a thermal power plant in electric gas cleaning
Zykov, A. M. et al. Izv. Akad. Nauk, Energ., 1997, (5), 58-64. (In Russian) Discusses the causes of inefficient operation of the electrofilters at Russian power plants. Consideration is also given to the modernization of electrofilters with the aim of decreasing fly ash emissions.
Reduction of SOn emissions from a fluidized bed under staged combustion by fine limestone
98lo2477
Knan, W. Z. and Gibbs, B. M. Environ. Int., 1997, 23, (2), 227-236. The effects of operating variables on emissions of SOz in staged combustion with a stainless steel combustor. Fluidizing air was supplied through a multihole distributor. The experiments were carried out for fluidizing velocities of l-2 m/s.~bed temoerature of 830-880°C. 20-40% excess air. and bed particle sizes of 0.313 and 0.655 mm. The bed temperature, fluidizing velocity, and excess air level had a significant effect on SO2 emissions reduction during staged combustion. A-maximum reduction of 64% was obtained at 70:30 stage, 830°C bed temperature and 1.0 m/s fluidizine velocitv. The zero or neeative emissions reduction resulted from the balaice between the SOz pi&-up by limestone in the region where oxidizing conditions prevail and the release of SOz, already captured elsewhere in the combustor, from CaS04 in reducing regions. I
98102478
Removal
of pollutants
from waste
gases
by
adsorption Rolke, D. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,620,129 (Cl. BOlDS3/04), 20 Nov 1997, Appl. 19,620,129, 18 May 1996, 4 pp. (In German) Purification of the waste gases is performed by passing them through a fixed or moving bed containing 5-80 wt% granular carbon-rich adsorbent and balance granular inert material at 20-200°C. The bulk density of the inert material is 80-300% of the bulk density of the carbonaceous material. The process removes heavy metals, heavy metal compounds and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from waste gases or polluted air. There is no occurrence of self-ignition, heating, or caking of the adsorbent. 98lo2479
Removal of toxic nonmetallic oxide gases from
gases Makina, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 00,335 [98 00,335] (Cl. BOlD53/62), 6 Jan 1998, Appl. 96/151,284, 12 Jun 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) In order to remove the oxides, gases containing toxic non-metallic oxide gases are contacted with peat moss. 98102480
Respirable airborne dust exposure levels In the New South Wales coal mining industry
Glover, D. and Cram, K. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 1997, 12, (12), 980987. For the New South Wales coal mining industry, airborne dust sampling methodology, instrumentation and exposure standards are discussed. Eleven years of results from personal dust monitoring of the mining industry work force, with particular emphasis on long-walls is also presented. The overall improvements to work force exposure levels, and the systems and techniques which led to these improvements, are also dealt with, as are respirable quartz levels, sources of respirable quartz, and difficulties of compliance with Coal Mine Regulation Act requirements. The non-punitive nature of the regulations and the mutual co-operation between manaeement and unions in the interoretation and use of monitoring programme results to achieve overall improvements in airborne dust levels throughout the industry are also examined. Also discussed is the use of wetting agents (surfactants) for dust suppression and roadway consolidation in both underground and open cut operations. Periodic health screening and results of epidemiological studies of the work force by
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1998 223