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02708 Overview of low-rank coal (LRC) drying
Oi
Solid fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
subjected to wet and dry physical cleaning methods to reduce the ash and sulfur content. Physical cleaned Bilina lignite and raw Ostrava bituminous coal were carbonized to reduce volatile matter content. Selected physical cleaned and carbonized coals were pelletized with a starch binder and calcium carbonate, the latter being added for sulfur capture. Following analysis of the pelletized coal products, the latter were evaluated for their potential application as district and home heating fuels. The results of this project indicate the opportunities for reducing sulfur dioxide, smoke and particulate emissions in Northern Bohemia, especially around Usti and Labem, by the proper cleaning treatment, briquetting, and utilization of Czech indigenous coals.
Zeta potential measurements on three clays from 98102702 Turkey and effects of clays on coal flotation
Hussain, S. A. et al. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 184, (2), 535-541. In order to study the effect of clays present during coal washing, coal and coal wastes were characterized. Coarse wastes from the Zonguldak Coal Washery (Turkey) contained kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. Obtained in almost pure form, these clays were subjected to zeta potential measurements to evaluate their properties in terms of their surface charge and point of zero charge (PZC) values. All three clay minerals were negative charged over the pH range 2.5-11. Chlorite and illite had PZC at pH 3 and pH 2.5, respectively, whereas kaolinite has no PZC. The effect of these clays in Zonguldak coal, wastes, and bla’ck waters on coal flotation was studied by floating artificial mixtures of Zonguldak clean coal (4.5 wt% ash) and individual clays. Flotation tests on coal-individual clay mixtures revealed that each clay influences coal flotation differently according to its type and amount. Illite had the worst effect on coal floated, followed by chlorite and kaolinite: the loss of yield in coal was 18% for kaolinite, 20% for chlorite, and 28% for illite.
Transport,
Storage
Characterization of chaotic dynamics in the spon98102703 taneous combustion of coal stockpiles Continillo, G. et al. Symp. (Int.) Comhust., /Proc.], 1996, 26, (I), 15851592. Some fundamental aspects of the spontaneous combustion of coal stockpiles have been studied by means of a transient, two-dimensional model in the presence of weak natural convection. The model includes mass, energy and momentum balance equations. The main assumptions in the model are: planar, two-dimensional symmetry, Boussinesq approximation for density changes in the gas-phase, quasi-steady conditions for momentum balance and negligible consumption of the solid reactant. Numerical simulation results are presented and discussed, illustrating the ignition process when as well as oscillating combustion achieving stationary combustions, conditions. In order to study the influence of the Rayleigh number on the dynamic behaviour of the system, it is varied. The use of non-linear analysis tools allows the characterization of the oscillating behaviour found. Such tools are: the calculation of the power spectra density of a samples time series and the estimation of the attractor dimension through the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm. The dynamics of the system become chaotic for a range of values of the Rayleigh number. Further increase of the natural convection parameter leads to more stable periodic, and eventually stationary, long-term behaviour.
Development of low rank coals upgrading and their 98102704 CWM producing technology Sugiyama, T. et al. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1996, 6, 95-107, 291. (In Japanese) The aim of this R&D aims is the development and demonstration of an economical clean coal fuel manufacturing technology to ensure safe transportation and storage. An 8.4 t/d pilot plant was completed in November 1994, and experimental operation for continuous tests has been carried out since December 1994. Two kinds of Indonesian sub-bituminous coals and an Australian brown coal were upgraded and slurried. Typical pilot test results, such as coal concentration of upgraded sub-bituminous CWM of 65% and 4,750 kcal/kg heating value, were better than expected. Subsequent combustion tests in a 2.5 t/h furnace and a 6tld gasification test were also successfully completed, showing very good combustibilities and reactivities, respectively. A feasibility study was done on the basis of 1000 MW power plant and CWM production plant. It was evaluated by the CIF value in Japan. The resulting CIF value was smaller than low sulfur oil and competitive in a certain condition.
Dispersants for coal aqueous slurries in pipeline 98102705 transports or long-term storage Tamaoki, S. and Iizuka, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,984 (97 48,984] (Cl. ClOLU32). 18 Feb 1997, Appl. 951199,354, 4 Aug 1995, 10 pp. (In Japanese) Comprising (30-95):(5-70) weight ratio of (a) m-cresolsulfonate alkali metal salt-formaldehyde condensate and (b) polyphosphate salts, the dispersants increases stability during pipeline transports or long-term storage.
252
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1998
98lO2706 Minyan, L.
99lo2707
Dustiness of coal shipped in China Bulk Solids Handl.,
1997, 17, (4). 541-543.
Explosion protection in powdered coal handling
Bours, R. Powder Handl. Process., 1996, 8, (3), 251-252. Discusses safety measures for the storage and firing system of powdered coal.
9aio2708
Overview of low-rank coal (LRC) drying
Willson, W. G. et al. Coal Prep., 1997, 18, (112). l-15. Operating temperature, drying environment and feed or product type generally characterize low-rank coal (LRC) drying processes. Within these broad categories, drying processes differ further according to the type of drying equipment and methods of quenching and stabilizing dried products. The quality of the products from a number of LRC drying processes that are commercial or were demonstrated at a pilot-scale was emphasized. Evaporative processes are usually the lowest cost and are preferred when the dried product is used immediately. This avoids the problems of moisture reabsorption, dust generation and spontaneous combustion associated with LRC transportation and long-term storage. Hydrothermal drying followed by low-rank coal-water fuel production is one of the most promising techniques for eliminating stability problems, while producing a value added fuel that will compete in the heavy oil market, not the steam coal market.
Transporting method for solid-liquid mixtures and transporting containers
9alo2709
Yanagimachi, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 20,283 [97 20.2831 (Cl. B63B25/08), 21 Jan 1997, Appl. 951173.407, IO Jul 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) A solid-liquid mixture transportation method, especially for coal-water mixtures (CWM), is presented. It uses a tanker ship for holding the liquid level and prevention of settling the solid deposits. It comprises transporting the mixture in a container comprising the packing material, which will hc not deformed when exerted by mechanical force during transport, at the upper part of the container, a floatable hanging ceiling which can be moved up and down and anchor chains for fixing the floatable ceiling after the loading of the CWM.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
98/027i 0 Basic research program for innovated coal utilization in Japan-BRAIN-C program Harada, M. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu. 1996. 6. 5X-71. 28X. (In Japanese) Established in October 1995, the BRAIN-C (Basic Research Association for Innovated Coal Utilization Programme) Project is a large research project involving industry, administrative agencies and academia. The programme aims to establish technologies to serve as the foundation for development of coal utilization technologies including fluidized bed combustion technology and coal gasification combined power generation technology. The development of existing coal utilization technology has started with the manufacture of a specific-type combustion furnace or gasification furnace. The furnace size has been increased for testing the behaviour of various types of coal in the furnace. However, if reaction mechanism and heat transfer characteristics of various types of coal can universally be described independently of the type of a furnace, it will be possible to design a furnace and quickly increase the size of the furnace on the basis of the description. Development of a simulator for this purpose requires knowledge of the minute properties of coal, coal reaction data and various types of modelling according to the properties and the data. Thus, the BRAIN-C Program was started in order to develop a simulator for coal utilization by integrating and systematizing various pieces of information serving as the foundation for pyrolysis, gasification and combustion technology.
9810271i
Coal: of present or past interest?
Maes, I. Chem. Msg., 1997, (1). 51-54. (In Dutch) Coal is reviewed as a national resource. Special emphasis is placed on anthracite as the final product of coalification. Topics discussed include formation of coal and anthracite, properties and composition of coal, model structures, classification of coals, and bituminous coal reserves in Belgium. The world-wide demand for anthracite, especially as a clean fuel for power generation, makes anthracite especially useful and valuable as a natural resource.
98102712 Colowyo grows investment in new equipment, better work practices and the expertise and clout of Kennecott Energy are seeing Colorado’s largest surface coal mine achieve its true potential Chadwick, J. Min. Msg., Kennecott Colorado Coal Colowyo Coal Co. L.P. investment that Kennecott
1997, 177, (4), 13-19. Co. acquired a general partnership interest in in 1994. The article details the expertise and Energy put into new equipment and better work
Solid fuels (economics,
business, marketing, policy)
subjected to wet and dry physical cleaning methods to reduce the ash and sulfur content. Physical cleaned Bilina lignite and raw Ostrava bituminous coal were carbonized to reduce volatile matter content. Selected physical cleaned and carbonized coals were pelletized with a starch binder and calcium carbonate, the latter being added for sulfur capture. Following analysis of the pelletized coal products, the latter were evaluated for their potential application as district and home heating fuels. The results of this project indicate the opportunities for reducing sulfur dioxide, smoke and particulate emissions in Northern Bohemia, especially around Usti and Labem, by the proper cleaning treatment, briquetting, and utilization of Czech indigenous coals.
Zeta potential measurements on three clays from 98102702 Turkey and effects of clays on coal flotation
Hussain, S. A. et al. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 184, (2), 535-541. In order to study the effect of clays present during coal washing, coal and coal wastes were characterized. Coarse wastes from the Zonguldak Coal Washery (Turkey) contained kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. Obtained in almost pure form, these clays were subjected to zeta potential measurements to evaluate their properties in terms of their surface charge and point of zero charge (PZC) values. All three clay minerals were negative charged over the pH range 2.5-11. Chlorite and illite had PZC at pH 3 and pH 2.5, respectively, whereas kaolinite has no PZC. The effect of these clays in Zonguldak coal, wastes, and bla’ck waters on coal flotation was studied by floating artificial mixtures of Zonguldak clean coal (4.5 wt% ash) and individual clays. Flotation tests on coal-individual clay mixtures revealed that each clay influences coal flotation differently according to its type and amount. Illite had the worst effect on coal floated, followed by chlorite and kaolinite: the loss of yield in coal was 18% for kaolinite, 20% for chlorite, and 28% for illite.
Transport,
Storage
Characterization of chaotic dynamics in the spon98102703 taneous combustion of coal stockpiles Continillo, G. et al. Symp. (Int.) Comhust., /Proc.], 1996, 26, (I), 15851592. Some fundamental aspects of the spontaneous combustion of coal stockpiles have been studied by means of a transient, two-dimensional model in the presence of weak natural convection. The model includes mass, energy and momentum balance equations. The main assumptions in the model are: planar, two-dimensional symmetry, Boussinesq approximation for density changes in the gas-phase, quasi-steady conditions for momentum balance and negligible consumption of the solid reactant. Numerical simulation results are presented and discussed, illustrating the ignition process when as well as oscillating combustion achieving stationary combustions, conditions. In order to study the influence of the Rayleigh number on the dynamic behaviour of the system, it is varied. The use of non-linear analysis tools allows the characterization of the oscillating behaviour found. Such tools are: the calculation of the power spectra density of a samples time series and the estimation of the attractor dimension through the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm. The dynamics of the system become chaotic for a range of values of the Rayleigh number. Further increase of the natural convection parameter leads to more stable periodic, and eventually stationary, long-term behaviour.
Development of low rank coals upgrading and their 98102704 CWM producing technology Sugiyama, T. et al. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1996, 6, 95-107, 291. (In Japanese) The aim of this R&D aims is the development and demonstration of an economical clean coal fuel manufacturing technology to ensure safe transportation and storage. An 8.4 t/d pilot plant was completed in November 1994, and experimental operation for continuous tests has been carried out since December 1994. Two kinds of Indonesian sub-bituminous coals and an Australian brown coal were upgraded and slurried. Typical pilot test results, such as coal concentration of upgraded sub-bituminous CWM of 65% and 4,750 kcal/kg heating value, were better than expected. Subsequent combustion tests in a 2.5 t/h furnace and a 6tld gasification test were also successfully completed, showing very good combustibilities and reactivities, respectively. A feasibility study was done on the basis of 1000 MW power plant and CWM production plant. It was evaluated by the CIF value in Japan. The resulting CIF value was smaller than low sulfur oil and competitive in a certain condition.
Dispersants for coal aqueous slurries in pipeline 98102705 transports or long-term storage Tamaoki, S. and Iizuka, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 48,984 (97 48,984] (Cl. ClOLU32). 18 Feb 1997, Appl. 951199,354, 4 Aug 1995, 10 pp. (In Japanese) Comprising (30-95):(5-70) weight ratio of (a) m-cresolsulfonate alkali metal salt-formaldehyde condensate and (b) polyphosphate salts, the dispersants increases stability during pipeline transports or long-term storage.
252
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1998
98lO2706 Minyan, L.
99lo2707
Dustiness of coal shipped in China Bulk Solids Handl.,
1997, 17, (4). 541-543.
Explosion protection in powdered coal handling
Bours, R. Powder Handl. Process., 1996, 8, (3), 251-252. Discusses safety measures for the storage and firing system of powdered coal.
9aio2708
Overview of low-rank coal (LRC) drying
Willson, W. G. et al. Coal Prep., 1997, 18, (112). l-15. Operating temperature, drying environment and feed or product type generally characterize low-rank coal (LRC) drying processes. Within these broad categories, drying processes differ further according to the type of drying equipment and methods of quenching and stabilizing dried products. The quality of the products from a number of LRC drying processes that are commercial or were demonstrated at a pilot-scale was emphasized. Evaporative processes are usually the lowest cost and are preferred when the dried product is used immediately. This avoids the problems of moisture reabsorption, dust generation and spontaneous combustion associated with LRC transportation and long-term storage. Hydrothermal drying followed by low-rank coal-water fuel production is one of the most promising techniques for eliminating stability problems, while producing a value added fuel that will compete in the heavy oil market, not the steam coal market.
Transporting method for solid-liquid mixtures and transporting containers
9alo2709
Yanagimachi, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 20,283 [97 20.2831 (Cl. B63B25/08), 21 Jan 1997, Appl. 951173.407, IO Jul 1995, 5 pp. (In Japanese) A solid-liquid mixture transportation method, especially for coal-water mixtures (CWM), is presented. It uses a tanker ship for holding the liquid level and prevention of settling the solid deposits. It comprises transporting the mixture in a container comprising the packing material, which will hc not deformed when exerted by mechanical force during transport, at the upper part of the container, a floatable hanging ceiling which can be moved up and down and anchor chains for fixing the floatable ceiling after the loading of the CWM.
Economics,
Business,
Marketing,
Policy
98/027i 0 Basic research program for innovated coal utilization in Japan-BRAIN-C program Harada, M. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu. 1996. 6. 5X-71. 28X. (In Japanese) Established in October 1995, the BRAIN-C (Basic Research Association for Innovated Coal Utilization Programme) Project is a large research project involving industry, administrative agencies and academia. The programme aims to establish technologies to serve as the foundation for development of coal utilization technologies including fluidized bed combustion technology and coal gasification combined power generation technology. The development of existing coal utilization technology has started with the manufacture of a specific-type combustion furnace or gasification furnace. The furnace size has been increased for testing the behaviour of various types of coal in the furnace. However, if reaction mechanism and heat transfer characteristics of various types of coal can universally be described independently of the type of a furnace, it will be possible to design a furnace and quickly increase the size of the furnace on the basis of the description. Development of a simulator for this purpose requires knowledge of the minute properties of coal, coal reaction data and various types of modelling according to the properties and the data. Thus, the BRAIN-C Program was started in order to develop a simulator for coal utilization by integrating and systematizing various pieces of information serving as the foundation for pyrolysis, gasification and combustion technology.
9810271i
Coal: of present or past interest?
Maes, I. Chem. Msg., 1997, (1). 51-54. (In Dutch) Coal is reviewed as a national resource. Special emphasis is placed on anthracite as the final product of coalification. Topics discussed include formation of coal and anthracite, properties and composition of coal, model structures, classification of coals, and bituminous coal reserves in Belgium. The world-wide demand for anthracite, especially as a clean fuel for power generation, makes anthracite especially useful and valuable as a natural resource.
98102712 Colowyo grows investment in new equipment, better work practices and the expertise and clout of Kennecott Energy are seeing Colorado’s largest surface coal mine achieve its true potential Chadwick, J. Min. Msg., Kennecott Colorado Coal Colowyo Coal Co. L.P. investment that Kennecott
1997, 177, (4), 13-19. Co. acquired a general partnership interest in in 1994. The article details the expertise and Energy put into new equipment and better work