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03273 Top-charging control of blast-furnace smelting for decreased coke consumption
77
Process heating, power and incineration
(energy applications in industry)
Simultaneous manufacture of molten pig iron and reducing gas
Process for producing a reduction gas for reduc96lO3262 tion of metal ore
98/03270
Kepplinger, L. W. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 01,587 (Cl. C21B13/14), 15 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 96/1,227, 10 Jul 1996, 21 pp. (In German) Containing hot CO and Hz the reduction gas is formed by gasification of carbon-containing materials, particularly coal, under the addition of 02 in a gasification zone and subsequently cooled to a reduction gas temperature suitable to the reduction process.
Gennari, U. and Schenk, J.-L. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 02,587 (Cl. C21B131 14), 22 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,252, 11 Jul 1996, 19 pp. (In German) A charging process for at least partially reduced metal-carrying materials containing a fine fraction into a smelting gasifier containing a molten metal bath is presented. The metal-carrying materials and carbonaceous materials are introduced into the melt gasifier above the gasification zone. The metalcarrying materials sink down to the smelting gasification zone and migrate to form a molten metal and produce a reduction gas by coal gasification. To prevent partial withdrawal of the metal-carrying materials from the melt gasifier during charging, in particular the fine particles, the metal-carrying materials are introduced into the gasifier at a vertical distance below a top by gravitational means and forming a strand. The free-falling strand is surrounded by a gas jacket from the formation level across a partial region of the fall height. In order to prevent expansion, the strand is supported in the partial region by the gas jacket.
Production of low-sulfur pig iron using coal with increased sulfur content
96iQ3263
Shatokha, V. I. and Shepetovskii, I. E. Metallurg., 1996, (6) 27-29. (In Russian) Analyses the influence of the sulfur content of coke on sulfur distribution between hot metal and slag. The change of the sulfur content of hot metal due to pulverized coal injection is predicted. 96103264
Production of reduction gas for reduction of metal
ore Kepplinger, L. W. Eda/. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 01,586 (Cl. C21B13/14), 15 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,225, 10 Jul 1996, 21 pp. (In German) A hot reduction gas containing CO and H2 for the reduction of fine-grained ore is produced via this process. The reduction gas is formed by gasification of carbon-containing materials, particularly coal, under addition of Oz in a gasification zone and subsequently cooled to a reduction gas temperature suitable to the reduction process. To produce a reduction gas of greater thermodynamic stability, Hz0 and/or CO> are added to eliminate the Boudouard and heterogeneous water gas reaction and related warming of the reduction gas.
Prospects for peat use in metallurgical processes 96163265 Grevtsev, N. V. et al. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Gorn. Zh., 1996, (516). 123-127. (In Russian) The possibilities of using peat and various carbon-containing waste materials in ironmaking and silicon smelting are discussed. Preparation of briquetted carbon-containing composites as fuel and reduction agent in blast furnaces are outlined. Pulverized coal and its improvement by surface 99103266 modification for transportability in blowing to furnaces Ono, R. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,256,014 [97,256,014] (Cl. C21B5/00), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 96/68,512,25 Mar 1996,30 pp. (In Japanese) The improved dry coal powders improved are attained by bonding watersoluble organic compounds having polar groups and optionally adhesion improvers to the surface of pulverized coal, whose raw material has average HGI >30, to have an index of uniform adhesion 53.5. Also discusses the operation of metallurgical or combustion furnaces by blowing the modified coal powders in dry condition.
Record production on U.S. Steel Gary Works’ No. 13 blast furnace with 450 pounds/THM co-injection rates
96103267
Schuett, K. J. and White, D. G. Iron Steelmaker, 1997, 24, (3), 65-68. In 1993, the use of coal injection on the No. 13 blast furnace decreased the coke rate 110 IbiTHM (hot metal produced), lowered the wind rate by 20% and tripled oxygen enrichment. In 1994 and 1995, the use of co-injection decreased the coke rate another 110 Ib/THM, lowered the wind rate 5% and oxygen enrichment was more than double that with coal injection. Coinjection increased the production rate by more than 1500 TPD. The improved performance with co-injection was largely attributable to more effective burden distribution.
98lO3271
Simultaneous production of liquid pig iron and fuel
gas
Kepplinger, L. W. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 02,586 (Cl. C21813/14), 22 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,154, 28 Jun 1996, 26 pp. (In German) In a method of producing liquid pig iron or liquid steel precursors from charges consisting of iron ore and fluxes, the iron ore is reduced directly to sponge iron in two or more reduction stages using the fluidized bed method. The sponge iron is then melted in a smelting-gasification zone with carbonaceous materials and oxygenous gas added. A reducing gas containing CO and Hz is generated, introduced into the reducing zones of the reduction stages, reacted, drawn off as a top gas, and optionally supplied to a consumer. To achieve a uniform reduction of the iron ore with optimum utilization of the reducing gas, the iron ore in a first reduction stage is separated into two or more fractions having different grain-size distributions with the help of the reducing gas. Each fraction is reduced with the reducing gas in its own fluidized bed. The reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed containing the coarse-grained fraction, and the fine-grained fraction is separated. An additional reducing gas is introduced directly into the other fluidized bed. Reduced iron ore is withdrawn from both tluidizcd beds and the fine-grained and coarse-grained fractions reduced in the first reduction stage are reduced further in one or more additional reduction stage(s) that operate(s) in the same way as the first. The fine-grained fraction is fed from the last reduction stage into the smelting-gasification zone under agglomeration by addition of G, and the coarse-grained fraction is gravity-fed directly into the smelting-gasification zone.
Start-up of Stelco blast furnace pulverized coal injection facility
90lQ3272
Hyde, J. B. et al. Iron Steel Eng., 1998, 75, (I), 34-43. Successful pulverized coal injection has followed the resolution of conditions that included: transport line build-up through reduced pulverization; coal char carry-over by enhanced lance design and position; increased hot blast temperature, oxygen enrichment. tuyere velocity adjustment and a variety of other operating variables; reduced tuyerc burning by improved burden distribution; and enhanced furnace permeability by improved screening of raw materials. Current injection rates are close to 300 Ibinthm.
Top-charging control of blast-furnace smelting for decreased coke consumption
98lO3273
Mishin, P. P. et al. U.S.S.R. SU 1.100.938 (Cl. C2lBS/OO), 27 Sep 1996, Appl. 3,466,607, 7 Jul 1982. From Izobreteniya 1996, (27) 241. (In Russian)
Transport and accumulation of particles in a granular bed: application to the injection of pulverized coal in a blast furnace
96103274
Reopening of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace after a pause 96103266
Miyata, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,256,Oll [97,256,01 l] (Cl. C2lB5/00), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 96/68,687, 25 Mar 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) Before a pause in the coal injection, the amount of injected pulverized coal is reduced and the supply of coke is increased so that the thermal mass flow ratio is enhanced at the reopening of the injection. Slip, channelling, etc., are prevented at the reopening by this method.
Results of the DIOS pilot plant test and summary of 90iO3269 the joint research Sugiyama, T. and Kawaoka, K. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1996, 6, 242-254, 303. (In Japanese) An eight year research programme called the DIOS (Direct Iron Ore Smelting Reduction Process) was promoted by the Japan Iron and Steel Federation since 1988. The research program was conducted in a joint research project of the Centre for Coal Utilization, Japan and the Japan Iron and Steel Federation with a subsidy for promoting coal productions and utilization technologies from the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, MITI. In fiscal 1995, the testing operations with water cooled panels partially installed in the smelting reduction furnace of the DIOS pilot plant were conducted to total four campaigns and all of the testing operation of the pilot plant completed. According to the testing operations of the pilot plant, pig iron production technology with the direct use of fine and granular non-coking coal and iron ore was established. Along with the systems study, the feasibility study was conducted when both processes of a blast furnace and a DIOS were to be constructed on a green field basis.
302
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996
Bitaud, B. et al. Proc. World Filtr. Congr., 7th, 1996, 2, 693-698. An experimental study into particle retention in a bed of coke in a blast furnace is presented. Results of hold-up and pressure drop are used to model the phenomena occurring when fine particles are injected in the upward gas flow through a granular bed. The required correlation between the friction force on the moving particles due to the granular bed is established from the experimental results. Based on this, a process model which predicts the existence of the two flow regimes found in the experiments is developed.
Tuyere level coke characteristics in blast furnace with pulverized coal injection
98/03275
Chung, J.-K. and Hur, N.-S. ISIJ In?., 1997, 37, (2) 119-125. Large changes are experienced in the properties of coke during the ironmaking blast furnace operation. Pulverized coal injection into the blast furnace through tuyeres together with oxygen enrichment affects coke properties and blast furnace operation. Using coke at the tuyere level, coke samples were collected and analysed at various coal injection rates m both the conventional and co-axial oxygen enrichment processes. According to information obtained form coke sampling results, alkali affects the coke properties in the bird’s nest and dead-man, but in the bosh and raceway drum index of the coke varies with the operation conditions. The gas permeability resistance index in lower part of blast furnace and mean size of coke at the tuyere level were predicted and was in agreement with the measurements.
Process heating, power and incineration
(energy applications in industry)
Simultaneous manufacture of molten pig iron and reducing gas
Process for producing a reduction gas for reduc96lO3262 tion of metal ore
98/03270
Kepplinger, L. W. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 01,587 (Cl. C21B13/14), 15 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 96/1,227, 10 Jul 1996, 21 pp. (In German) Containing hot CO and Hz the reduction gas is formed by gasification of carbon-containing materials, particularly coal, under the addition of 02 in a gasification zone and subsequently cooled to a reduction gas temperature suitable to the reduction process.
Gennari, U. and Schenk, J.-L. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 02,587 (Cl. C21B131 14), 22 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,252, 11 Jul 1996, 19 pp. (In German) A charging process for at least partially reduced metal-carrying materials containing a fine fraction into a smelting gasifier containing a molten metal bath is presented. The metal-carrying materials and carbonaceous materials are introduced into the melt gasifier above the gasification zone. The metalcarrying materials sink down to the smelting gasification zone and migrate to form a molten metal and produce a reduction gas by coal gasification. To prevent partial withdrawal of the metal-carrying materials from the melt gasifier during charging, in particular the fine particles, the metal-carrying materials are introduced into the gasifier at a vertical distance below a top by gravitational means and forming a strand. The free-falling strand is surrounded by a gas jacket from the formation level across a partial region of the fall height. In order to prevent expansion, the strand is supported in the partial region by the gas jacket.
Production of low-sulfur pig iron using coal with increased sulfur content
96iQ3263
Shatokha, V. I. and Shepetovskii, I. E. Metallurg., 1996, (6) 27-29. (In Russian) Analyses the influence of the sulfur content of coke on sulfur distribution between hot metal and slag. The change of the sulfur content of hot metal due to pulverized coal injection is predicted. 96103264
Production of reduction gas for reduction of metal
ore Kepplinger, L. W. Eda/. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 01,586 (Cl. C21B13/14), 15 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,225, 10 Jul 1996, 21 pp. (In German) A hot reduction gas containing CO and H2 for the reduction of fine-grained ore is produced via this process. The reduction gas is formed by gasification of carbon-containing materials, particularly coal, under addition of Oz in a gasification zone and subsequently cooled to a reduction gas temperature suitable to the reduction process. To produce a reduction gas of greater thermodynamic stability, Hz0 and/or CO> are added to eliminate the Boudouard and heterogeneous water gas reaction and related warming of the reduction gas.
Prospects for peat use in metallurgical processes 96163265 Grevtsev, N. V. et al. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Gorn. Zh., 1996, (516). 123-127. (In Russian) The possibilities of using peat and various carbon-containing waste materials in ironmaking and silicon smelting are discussed. Preparation of briquetted carbon-containing composites as fuel and reduction agent in blast furnaces are outlined. Pulverized coal and its improvement by surface 99103266 modification for transportability in blowing to furnaces Ono, R. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,256,014 [97,256,014] (Cl. C21B5/00), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 96/68,512,25 Mar 1996,30 pp. (In Japanese) The improved dry coal powders improved are attained by bonding watersoluble organic compounds having polar groups and optionally adhesion improvers to the surface of pulverized coal, whose raw material has average HGI >30, to have an index of uniform adhesion 53.5. Also discusses the operation of metallurgical or combustion furnaces by blowing the modified coal powders in dry condition.
Record production on U.S. Steel Gary Works’ No. 13 blast furnace with 450 pounds/THM co-injection rates
96103267
Schuett, K. J. and White, D. G. Iron Steelmaker, 1997, 24, (3), 65-68. In 1993, the use of coal injection on the No. 13 blast furnace decreased the coke rate 110 IbiTHM (hot metal produced), lowered the wind rate by 20% and tripled oxygen enrichment. In 1994 and 1995, the use of co-injection decreased the coke rate another 110 Ib/THM, lowered the wind rate 5% and oxygen enrichment was more than double that with coal injection. Coinjection increased the production rate by more than 1500 TPD. The improved performance with co-injection was largely attributable to more effective burden distribution.
98lO3271
Simultaneous production of liquid pig iron and fuel
gas
Kepplinger, L. W. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 02,586 (Cl. C21813/14), 22 Jan 1998, AT Appl. 9611,154, 28 Jun 1996, 26 pp. (In German) In a method of producing liquid pig iron or liquid steel precursors from charges consisting of iron ore and fluxes, the iron ore is reduced directly to sponge iron in two or more reduction stages using the fluidized bed method. The sponge iron is then melted in a smelting-gasification zone with carbonaceous materials and oxygenous gas added. A reducing gas containing CO and Hz is generated, introduced into the reducing zones of the reduction stages, reacted, drawn off as a top gas, and optionally supplied to a consumer. To achieve a uniform reduction of the iron ore with optimum utilization of the reducing gas, the iron ore in a first reduction stage is separated into two or more fractions having different grain-size distributions with the help of the reducing gas. Each fraction is reduced with the reducing gas in its own fluidized bed. The reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed containing the coarse-grained fraction, and the fine-grained fraction is separated. An additional reducing gas is introduced directly into the other fluidized bed. Reduced iron ore is withdrawn from both tluidizcd beds and the fine-grained and coarse-grained fractions reduced in the first reduction stage are reduced further in one or more additional reduction stage(s) that operate(s) in the same way as the first. The fine-grained fraction is fed from the last reduction stage into the smelting-gasification zone under agglomeration by addition of G, and the coarse-grained fraction is gravity-fed directly into the smelting-gasification zone.
Start-up of Stelco blast furnace pulverized coal injection facility
90lQ3272
Hyde, J. B. et al. Iron Steel Eng., 1998, 75, (I), 34-43. Successful pulverized coal injection has followed the resolution of conditions that included: transport line build-up through reduced pulverization; coal char carry-over by enhanced lance design and position; increased hot blast temperature, oxygen enrichment. tuyere velocity adjustment and a variety of other operating variables; reduced tuyerc burning by improved burden distribution; and enhanced furnace permeability by improved screening of raw materials. Current injection rates are close to 300 Ibinthm.
Top-charging control of blast-furnace smelting for decreased coke consumption
98lO3273
Mishin, P. P. et al. U.S.S.R. SU 1.100.938 (Cl. C2lBS/OO), 27 Sep 1996, Appl. 3,466,607, 7 Jul 1982. From Izobreteniya 1996, (27) 241. (In Russian)
Transport and accumulation of particles in a granular bed: application to the injection of pulverized coal in a blast furnace
96103274
Reopening of pulverized coal injection in blast furnace after a pause 96103266
Miyata, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09,256,Oll [97,256,01 l] (Cl. C2lB5/00), 30 Sep 1997, Appl. 96/68,687, 25 Mar 1996,6 pp. (In Japanese) Before a pause in the coal injection, the amount of injected pulverized coal is reduced and the supply of coke is increased so that the thermal mass flow ratio is enhanced at the reopening of the injection. Slip, channelling, etc., are prevented at the reopening by this method.
Results of the DIOS pilot plant test and summary of 90iO3269 the joint research Sugiyama, T. and Kawaoka, K. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1996, 6, 242-254, 303. (In Japanese) An eight year research programme called the DIOS (Direct Iron Ore Smelting Reduction Process) was promoted by the Japan Iron and Steel Federation since 1988. The research program was conducted in a joint research project of the Centre for Coal Utilization, Japan and the Japan Iron and Steel Federation with a subsidy for promoting coal productions and utilization technologies from the Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, MITI. In fiscal 1995, the testing operations with water cooled panels partially installed in the smelting reduction furnace of the DIOS pilot plant were conducted to total four campaigns and all of the testing operation of the pilot plant completed. According to the testing operations of the pilot plant, pig iron production technology with the direct use of fine and granular non-coking coal and iron ore was established. Along with the systems study, the feasibility study was conducted when both processes of a blast furnace and a DIOS were to be constructed on a green field basis.
302
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996
Bitaud, B. et al. Proc. World Filtr. Congr., 7th, 1996, 2, 693-698. An experimental study into particle retention in a bed of coke in a blast furnace is presented. Results of hold-up and pressure drop are used to model the phenomena occurring when fine particles are injected in the upward gas flow through a granular bed. The required correlation between the friction force on the moving particles due to the granular bed is established from the experimental results. Based on this, a process model which predicts the existence of the two flow regimes found in the experiments is developed.
Tuyere level coke characteristics in blast furnace with pulverized coal injection
98/03275
Chung, J.-K. and Hur, N.-S. ISIJ In?., 1997, 37, (2) 119-125. Large changes are experienced in the properties of coke during the ironmaking blast furnace operation. Pulverized coal injection into the blast furnace through tuyeres together with oxygen enrichment affects coke properties and blast furnace operation. Using coke at the tuyere level, coke samples were collected and analysed at various coal injection rates m both the conventional and co-axial oxygen enrichment processes. According to information obtained form coke sampling results, alkali affects the coke properties in the bird’s nest and dead-man, but in the bosh and raceway drum index of the coke varies with the operation conditions. The gas permeability resistance index in lower part of blast furnace and mean size of coke at the tuyere level were predicted and was in agreement with the measurements.