- Email: [email protected]
03332 Use of heat pumps in evaporators
15
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
Thermodynamic characteristics of vapor compression heat pumps cycles
9m3331
Brodyanskii, V. M. and Serova, E. N. Kholod. Tekh., 1997, (7), 28-29. (In Russian) In the development and retrofitting of vapour compression refrigeration and heat pump installations cycles the peculiarities of the main processes that have to be taken into account are compared. External heat transfer in a condenser and evaporator, compressed working fluid in a compressor and working fluid expansion in a throttle are discussed.
98103332
Use of heat pumps in evaporators
desulfurized gas without alternating existing equipment and flow scheme and a rich sour gas for the downstream Claus sulfur recovery unit was also produced. Optimum operating conditions were also obtained.
Apportionment of pol cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emanating from coal carbonizat ron by gas chromatographyisotope ratio mass spectrometry
9alO3338
McRae, C. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3), 1703-1706. Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) was investigated to assess its potential in apportioning the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Stable isotopic ratios (6°C) of PAH fractions from coal pyrolysis and combustion were determined and compared to those from wood pyrolysis and diesel exhaust particulate. The 6’jC signatures of PAH from each of these sources differ to the extent of providing the basis for applying GC-IRMS to unequivocally attribute PAH arising from coal carbonization.
Koroteev, A. S. and Desyatov, A. V. Teploenergetika, 1997, (ll), 31-34. (In Russian) Various applications for heat pumps in evaporators are discussed. New constructions and commercial evaporators with heat pumps are described. The characteristics of thermodynamic processes in the evaporators are analysed. Test results are presented that are obtained in evaporators with special devices for tubulization of the streams. The new constructions are highly efficient.
98103339
15
Selvaraj, P. T. et al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1997, 42. (2). 755-760. In flue gas desulfurization, model coal synthesis gas is a low-cost feedstock for mixed sulfate reducing bacteria. With synthesis gas fed as microbubbles, productivity in an CSTR increased from 1.2 to 2.1 mmolih-I.
ENVIRONMENT
Biodesulfurization of flue gases using synthesis gas delivered as microbubbles
Cancer mortality among carbon workers in China: retrospective cohort study
98lO3340
Pollution,
Health
Protection,
Safety
Abatement of carbon dioxide in combined-cycle power plants with integrated coal gasification
98103333
Brand, V. Forfschr.-Eer. VDI, Reihe 6, 1996, 350, 1-122. (In German) Combined-cycle power plants with integrated coal gasification, CO2 retention methods in these plants, coal combined power plants with CO conversion and absorptive CO* scrubbing, fundamentals for calculation, and analysis of combined-cycle power plant with integrated coal gasification and CO2 retention.
Analysis and elimination 98103334 pounds in smoke from burning coal
of trace organic com-
Wang, X.-H. et al. Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 18, (I), 24-28. (In Chinese) The paper describes an analysis system of trace organic compounds in smoke from burning coal, which included concentration of organic compounds with an absorbent, super critical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for identification. Four kinds of adsorbents were compared. In extracting organic compounds in coal smoke, SFE was found to be superior to solvent extraction. More than 130 compounds were detected, including alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, phenols, polycyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. The possibility of elimination organic compounds by using CuO-Mn/A1207 catalysts was researched. It was shown that this kind of catalyst can eliminate most of the organic contaminants in smoke effectively and economically.
Anthropogenic changes of the isotopic composition of carbon in the atmosphere in the area of Upper Silesla
98103335
A. Z. et al. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Slask., Mat.-Fiz., 1996, 79, (In Polish) A significant decrease in ‘? concentrations vs clean air was indicated by radiocarbon measurements in annual tree rings from Upper Silesia, Poland. Known as Suesa Effect, this phenomenon, observed in large urban and industrial areas, is connected with pollution with non-active coal from fossil fuel combustion.
Liu, N. et al. .I. Occup. Health, 1997, 39, (4), 325-330. A retrospective cohort study was performed on a group of 6,635 male workers employed for more than I5 years during the period 1970-1985 in seven factories including the carbon plants and the potroom and carbon department in an aluminium reduction plant. The SMRs for lung cancer and liver cancer among the workers highly exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) were 4.30 @ < 0.01) and 2.25 @ < O.Ol), respectively. The SMRs for lung cancer and cancer of the oesophagus among moderately CTPV-exposed workers were 1.52 @ > 0.05) and 5.46 0, < O.Ol), respectively. Results showed that the numerous deaths from lung cancer were correlated with CTPV in the carbon-producing process in carbon plants. 98103341 Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases Loginov, A. J. et al. PCT lnt. Appl. WO 97 49,480 (Cl. BOIDS3/86). 31 Dee 1997, RU Appl. 96,112,394, 24 Jun 1996, 25 pp. (In Russian) The paper presents an invention which relates to the purification of exhaust gases from non-stationary internal combustion engines such as those used in petrol or diesel vehicles, as well as to the purification of industrial waste containing nitrogen oxide and products from the incomplete combustion of various fuels. A treatment using different layers of oxide catalysts which are applied on highly porous block supports and onto a carbon-black filter is used to purify the gases during different NO, reduction and oxidation stages. This method also uses oxide compositions of transition metals. compounds of the perovskite and zeolite type as well as modification agents free from platinum metals. In order to neutralize poor fuel effluents, complementary reduction reagents are added such as hydrocarbons for carbonating the support and filter surfaces or nitrogen-containing reducing agents after cooling the gases in a heat exchanger. This invention may be used to improve the efficiency and completeness of an economical gas purification process, as well as for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines in oxygen-excess conditions using a reserve of reducing reagents while warming up a cold engine.
Rakowski, 143-155.
Application of coalbed methane reservoir simulators for estimation of methane emissions in longwall mining
98lO3336
Zuber, M. D. Proc. Int. Mine Vent. Congr., 6th, 1997, 435-440. Edited by Ramani, R. V., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, Colorado. The use of a coalbed methane simulator that has been modified to account for the removal of grid blocks as a function of time to estimate gas emission and production for a variety for mine-associated problems is presented. The specialized features of the simulator are described. Example applications illustrate the models’ use in estimating methane emission rates during mine roadway development and longwall panel degassing by horizontal boreholes.
Application of selective desulfurlzation solvent in refinery gas desulfurizatlon unit
Characterization of coal wastes disposal sites, Balxo Jacui region, RS, Brazil
98103342
Binotto, R. B. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3). 1891-1894. Coal processing waste disposal sites were mapped and characterized. The coal waste and ash disposal sites showed acid pH, high sulfur contents and high concentrations of iron, zinc and lead. Manganese presents high mobility in some samples, mainly in the coal waste, confirming its high mobility potential related to other elements. In addition, the paper discusses environmental contamination regarding migration of acidic drainage waters to surface water and groundwater and impact on public health. 9alo3343 COa emission factors for Turkish coals Ozdogan, S. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97. Volume 3), 1743-1748. In an attempt to find correlations between COz emission factors and heating values, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents of coals, simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. Simple formulas were developed and their maximum and average errors are given.
98lo3337
Zhang, Q. et al. Shiyou Linnshi Yu Huagong, 1997, 28, (8), 47-50. (In Chin&e) The paper examined the application of a new selective Me diethanolamine desulfurization solvent replacing conventional manoethanolamine in refinery gas desulfurization units. It was possible to produce highly
398
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1998
98lQ3344 1989-l 994
COz emission intensities in developed countries
Sun, J. W. and Malaska, P. Energy, 1998, 23, (2), 105-112. A decomposition model is used to analyse changes in CO2 emission intensity in developed countries between 1980 and 1994. During this period, emission intensifies decreased by 33.26% from 788.7 u (1 u = 1 kg of
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
Thermodynamic characteristics of vapor compression heat pumps cycles
9m3331
Brodyanskii, V. M. and Serova, E. N. Kholod. Tekh., 1997, (7), 28-29. (In Russian) In the development and retrofitting of vapour compression refrigeration and heat pump installations cycles the peculiarities of the main processes that have to be taken into account are compared. External heat transfer in a condenser and evaporator, compressed working fluid in a compressor and working fluid expansion in a throttle are discussed.
98103332
Use of heat pumps in evaporators
desulfurized gas without alternating existing equipment and flow scheme and a rich sour gas for the downstream Claus sulfur recovery unit was also produced. Optimum operating conditions were also obtained.
Apportionment of pol cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emanating from coal carbonizat ron by gas chromatographyisotope ratio mass spectrometry
9alO3338
McRae, C. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3), 1703-1706. Gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) was investigated to assess its potential in apportioning the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Stable isotopic ratios (6°C) of PAH fractions from coal pyrolysis and combustion were determined and compared to those from wood pyrolysis and diesel exhaust particulate. The 6’jC signatures of PAH from each of these sources differ to the extent of providing the basis for applying GC-IRMS to unequivocally attribute PAH arising from coal carbonization.
Koroteev, A. S. and Desyatov, A. V. Teploenergetika, 1997, (ll), 31-34. (In Russian) Various applications for heat pumps in evaporators are discussed. New constructions and commercial evaporators with heat pumps are described. The characteristics of thermodynamic processes in the evaporators are analysed. Test results are presented that are obtained in evaporators with special devices for tubulization of the streams. The new constructions are highly efficient.
98103339
15
Selvaraj, P. T. et al. Prepr. Pap. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1997, 42. (2). 755-760. In flue gas desulfurization, model coal synthesis gas is a low-cost feedstock for mixed sulfate reducing bacteria. With synthesis gas fed as microbubbles, productivity in an CSTR increased from 1.2 to 2.1 mmolih-I.
ENVIRONMENT
Biodesulfurization of flue gases using synthesis gas delivered as microbubbles
Cancer mortality among carbon workers in China: retrospective cohort study
98lO3340
Pollution,
Health
Protection,
Safety
Abatement of carbon dioxide in combined-cycle power plants with integrated coal gasification
98103333
Brand, V. Forfschr.-Eer. VDI, Reihe 6, 1996, 350, 1-122. (In German) Combined-cycle power plants with integrated coal gasification, CO2 retention methods in these plants, coal combined power plants with CO conversion and absorptive CO* scrubbing, fundamentals for calculation, and analysis of combined-cycle power plant with integrated coal gasification and CO2 retention.
Analysis and elimination 98103334 pounds in smoke from burning coal
of trace organic com-
Wang, X.-H. et al. Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao, 1997, 18, (I), 24-28. (In Chinese) The paper describes an analysis system of trace organic compounds in smoke from burning coal, which included concentration of organic compounds with an absorbent, super critical fluid extraction (SFE) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for identification. Four kinds of adsorbents were compared. In extracting organic compounds in coal smoke, SFE was found to be superior to solvent extraction. More than 130 compounds were detected, including alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters, phenols, polycyclic compounds and heterocyclic compounds. The possibility of elimination organic compounds by using CuO-Mn/A1207 catalysts was researched. It was shown that this kind of catalyst can eliminate most of the organic contaminants in smoke effectively and economically.
Anthropogenic changes of the isotopic composition of carbon in the atmosphere in the area of Upper Silesla
98103335
A. Z. et al. Zesz. Nauk. Politech. Slask., Mat.-Fiz., 1996, 79, (In Polish) A significant decrease in ‘? concentrations vs clean air was indicated by radiocarbon measurements in annual tree rings from Upper Silesia, Poland. Known as Suesa Effect, this phenomenon, observed in large urban and industrial areas, is connected with pollution with non-active coal from fossil fuel combustion.
Liu, N. et al. .I. Occup. Health, 1997, 39, (4), 325-330. A retrospective cohort study was performed on a group of 6,635 male workers employed for more than I5 years during the period 1970-1985 in seven factories including the carbon plants and the potroom and carbon department in an aluminium reduction plant. The SMRs for lung cancer and liver cancer among the workers highly exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) were 4.30 @ < 0.01) and 2.25 @ < O.Ol), respectively. The SMRs for lung cancer and cancer of the oesophagus among moderately CTPV-exposed workers were 1.52 @ > 0.05) and 5.46 0, < O.Ol), respectively. Results showed that the numerous deaths from lung cancer were correlated with CTPV in the carbon-producing process in carbon plants. 98103341 Catalyst for purifying exhaust gases Loginov, A. J. et al. PCT lnt. Appl. WO 97 49,480 (Cl. BOIDS3/86). 31 Dee 1997, RU Appl. 96,112,394, 24 Jun 1996, 25 pp. (In Russian) The paper presents an invention which relates to the purification of exhaust gases from non-stationary internal combustion engines such as those used in petrol or diesel vehicles, as well as to the purification of industrial waste containing nitrogen oxide and products from the incomplete combustion of various fuels. A treatment using different layers of oxide catalysts which are applied on highly porous block supports and onto a carbon-black filter is used to purify the gases during different NO, reduction and oxidation stages. This method also uses oxide compositions of transition metals. compounds of the perovskite and zeolite type as well as modification agents free from platinum metals. In order to neutralize poor fuel effluents, complementary reduction reagents are added such as hydrocarbons for carbonating the support and filter surfaces or nitrogen-containing reducing agents after cooling the gases in a heat exchanger. This invention may be used to improve the efficiency and completeness of an economical gas purification process, as well as for purifying exhaust gases from internal combustion engines in oxygen-excess conditions using a reserve of reducing reagents while warming up a cold engine.
Rakowski, 143-155.
Application of coalbed methane reservoir simulators for estimation of methane emissions in longwall mining
98lO3336
Zuber, M. D. Proc. Int. Mine Vent. Congr., 6th, 1997, 435-440. Edited by Ramani, R. V., Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, Colorado. The use of a coalbed methane simulator that has been modified to account for the removal of grid blocks as a function of time to estimate gas emission and production for a variety for mine-associated problems is presented. The specialized features of the simulator are described. Example applications illustrate the models’ use in estimating methane emission rates during mine roadway development and longwall panel degassing by horizontal boreholes.
Application of selective desulfurlzation solvent in refinery gas desulfurizatlon unit
Characterization of coal wastes disposal sites, Balxo Jacui region, RS, Brazil
98103342
Binotto, R. B. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3). 1891-1894. Coal processing waste disposal sites were mapped and characterized. The coal waste and ash disposal sites showed acid pH, high sulfur contents and high concentrations of iron, zinc and lead. Manganese presents high mobility in some samples, mainly in the coal waste, confirming its high mobility potential related to other elements. In addition, the paper discusses environmental contamination regarding migration of acidic drainage waters to surface water and groundwater and impact on public health. 9alo3343 COa emission factors for Turkish coals Ozdogan, S. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97. Volume 3), 1743-1748. In an attempt to find correlations between COz emission factors and heating values, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents of coals, simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. Simple formulas were developed and their maximum and average errors are given.
98lo3337
Zhang, Q. et al. Shiyou Linnshi Yu Huagong, 1997, 28, (8), 47-50. (In Chin&e) The paper examined the application of a new selective Me diethanolamine desulfurization solvent replacing conventional manoethanolamine in refinery gas desulfurization units. It was possible to produce highly
398
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1998
98lQ3344 1989-l 994
COz emission intensities in developed countries
Sun, J. W. and Malaska, P. Energy, 1998, 23, (2), 105-112. A decomposition model is used to analyse changes in CO2 emission intensity in developed countries between 1980 and 1994. During this period, emission intensifies decreased by 33.26% from 788.7 u (1 u = 1 kg of