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03448 Hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble-column reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
16
99fQ3445
Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation)
Fuel instabillty. (General review)
Pardede, R. Lembaran Publ. Lemigas, 1997, 31, (l), 32-36. (In Indonesian) The general problems of fuel instability, especially related to the broadened use of alternative fuel sources, are discussed. Emphasis was given to the role of chemical structure of the fuels, the heteroatom content, the process of cracking on fuel stability, and the mechanisms of instability of liquid fuels. 98lO3446
Have large fossil-fired plants gone the way of the
dinosaur? Makansi, J. Power, 1997, 141, (5), 35-36, 40. Large power plants are discussed, with emphasis innovation and performance.
on their
flexibility,
96lQ3453 pressures
The mechanism of the development
of coking
Walker, A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2). 601-604. Internal gas pressures can be measured with only 20 g of coal, using a small coking reactor. Gas release rates and the pressure necessary to maintain a constant nitrogen flow into the reactor via a central probe, indicate the presence of low-permeability layers on both sides of the plastic layer. On the coke side, that is considered particularly important in coking pressure generation. A comparison of internal gas pressures determined in the coking reactor and in the small oven is also given. gal03454 Method for charging coal into coke oven with indirectly adding water
gal03447 Heterogeneous gas-solid reactions: IV. Equipment Skala, D. and Kuzmanovic, B. Hem. Ind., 1997, 51, (11). 461-471. (In Serbian) Some examples of equipment for heterogeneous gas-solid reactions are analysed.
Igawa, K. and Matsui, T. 13.0411 (Cl. ClOB43/14), 14 (In Japanese) Coal is dropped and charged with water at the end of the the top of the coke oven.
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 13,041 [97 Jan 1997, Appl. 951163,756, 29 Jun 1995, 4 pp.
98/03446
Hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubblecolumn reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Mixed oxidant high temperature corrosion in gasigal03455 fiers and power plants
Jackson, N. B. et al. Proc. Annu. Inr. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 1226-1231. The paper discusses Sandia’s programme to develop, implement, and apply diagnostics for hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble-column reactors ‘(SBCRs) at industrially relevant conditions. Gas-liquid flow experiments are performed in an industrial-scale stainless steel vessel. Gamma-densitometry tomogography (GDT) is applied to make spatially resolved gas hold-up measurements. Both water and Drakeol 10 with air sparging are examined at ambient and elevated pressures. With gas superficial velocity and pressure Gas hold-up was found to increase and good agreement was discovered between the GDT values and differential pressure (DP) measurements.
Bakker, W. T. and Stringer, J. Marer. High Temp., 1997, 14, (2), 101-108. A critical review of data from long term exposure tests in several gasification plants. Exposure times ranged from 2000 to 20,000 h. All exposures were in syngas coolers of entrained slagging gasifiers, where the gas composition is not in equilibrium. Due to rapid cooling of the syngas, the high temperature (>lOOO”C) equilibrium is frozen in. Exposure temperatures ranged from 2.50-550°C. Most samples were exposed in water or steam-cooled loops. Introduction of low NO, burner systems, using overfire air, has resulted in accelerated corrosion in many US supercritical boilers, which is most likely to be due to an increase in the CO and H2S content of the flue gas near the waterwall and the presence of FeS deposits.
into the coke oven via a hopper and is sprayed charging and the water-added coal is filled on
Modified noble metal catalyst based calorimetric sensor for non-methane hydrocarbons
96103456
Improvement in heating efficiency of coke oven at CSC [China Steel Corporation] 96103449
Hong, M. et al. Kuangye, 1996, 40, (3), 48-61. (In Chinese) For a coke oven system consisting of three subsystems, a combustion management system was developed for setting the proper coking time and monitoring the thermal state of the coke oven in horizontal longitudinal and vertical directions. The management system was developed to control the average oven temperature to a suitable level and to diminish the deviations of temperature between each heating wall. In the first subsystem, a coking completion table, composed of production ratio, coal moisture and flue temperature, was established to set the target flue temperature. A reversed cooling curve was used in subsystem 2 to correlate the measured flue temperature, which was compared with an ideal transversal profile. A precise thermal states of battery heating was therefore induced. The subsystem 3, basically an on-line coke temperature measurement system, provided the needed information for coke oven heating in the vertical direction as well as monitoring the condition of the refractories. This subsystem consisted of two-colour pyrometers in an array installed at the coke car and associated computers for data collection, transmission, and analysis. The adoption of this coke oven combustion management system has resulted in a remarkable heating improvement.
lnnovatlon on the dust precipitation system of the 20tih coal powder furnace
Oh, S. ef al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 00,704 (Cl. GOlN25/00), 8 Jan 1998, US Appl. 673,887, 1 Jul 1996, 63 pp. Presents a modified (silicon-poisoned) noble metal catalyst based calorimetric sensor for sensing non-methane hydrocarbons at >2OO”C in an automotive exhaust gas stream. It includes a first sensing element with an output that provides a signal indicative of a concentration of non-methane hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A compensating sensing element has an output that provides a compensating signal indicative of a concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A circuit for combining the signal and the compensating signal provides a combined signal indicative of a measure of non-methane hydrocarbons in the automotive exhaust gas stream.
Molecular mass distribution of hydrocarbons in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a Co/SiOz.Zr’” catalyst
90iQ3457
Yakubovich, M. N. et al. Theoret. Exp. Chem., 1997, 33, (l), 45-48. Formed in the presence of the title catalyst, the distribution of hydrocarbons C-Cl6 is described by a concave curve (downward), characteristic of a model of chain propagation through two parallel pathways. A model for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was presented by analogy to radical polymerization.
gal03450
Li, D. et al. Huanjing Gongcheng, 1997, 15, (5), 28-31. (In Chinese) The problem of the former dust precipitation system of the 20t/h coal powder furnace in the Center Machine Works of Datong Coal-Mining Bureau, China, is analysed. After an innovative remediation, fume darkness and dust concentration are all down to the national standards.
Manufacturing of pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC) coal ash heat insulator by low temperature curing
90lo3451
Chen, Y. er al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3), 1923-1926. The influence of temperature, curing humidity and time on the manufacture of heat insulators from ash discharged from pressurized fluidized bed combustors by curing with steam at low temperatures was examined. The effect of the curing parameters on the density, thermal conductivity, bending and compressive strengths were measured. It was possible to produce various heat insulators for different purposes by changing the curing conditions.
Mathematical simulation for delayed coking furnace. III. Slmulation calculation of delayed coking furnace
98/03452
Sun, X. et al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (3), 78-87. (In Chinese) This paper provides diagrams and samples of simulation calculation for the coking furnace. The recirculation ratio of the flue gas flow, fuel combustion models, operating conditions and some other factors influencing heat transfer are discussed. The calculated results conform well with the experimental data, suggesting the developed mathematical model is reliable and applicable.
New commercial reactors for manufacture of derivatives of synthesis gas: ammonia and urea, methanol, and formaldehyde 98/03456
Sioli, G. ef al. Khim. Prom-St., 1997, (5). 365-377. (In Russian) Reactors for the production of ammonia, the contribution of UREA CASALE in the development of high-efficiency reactors for the production of urea, the development of reactors for synthesis of methanol and the contribution of Casale Chems. S. A. in leading development of adiabatic reactor for oxidation of methanol into formaldehyde are discussed.
96lO3459 Novel means for using online monitoring of conventional power producing systems Gabor, S. Energiogordalkodos 1997, 38, (9), 410-412. (In Hungarian) Discusses modelling of the neural networks of power plants in Hungary.
96lO3460 A numerical simulation of a jetting fluidized bed coal gasifier Bi, J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (4), 285-301. A jetting fluidized-bed coal gasifier with a conical distributor was numerically simulated, based on a steady-state model which took into account the hydrodynamics and mass heat transfer and reactions in the grid zone, bubble zone and freeboard zone of the gasifier. The temperatures of the particles and gas in the jet, compositions in the diluted phase and the dense phase, and some hydrodynamic characteristics were calculated and the effects of some operating conditions in the gasifier were investigated numerically. A drastic change is effected with height in the gas composition in the grid zone of the gasifier, which accompanies a marked variation of the particle temperature in the jet. The gasifying efficiency increases with
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996 317
99fQ3445
Fuel science and technology (fundamental science, analysis, instrumentation)
Fuel instabillty. (General review)
Pardede, R. Lembaran Publ. Lemigas, 1997, 31, (l), 32-36. (In Indonesian) The general problems of fuel instability, especially related to the broadened use of alternative fuel sources, are discussed. Emphasis was given to the role of chemical structure of the fuels, the heteroatom content, the process of cracking on fuel stability, and the mechanisms of instability of liquid fuels. 98lO3446
Have large fossil-fired plants gone the way of the
dinosaur? Makansi, J. Power, 1997, 141, (5), 35-36, 40. Large power plants are discussed, with emphasis innovation and performance.
on their
flexibility,
96lQ3453 pressures
The mechanism of the development
of coking
Walker, A. et al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9703, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 2). 601-604. Internal gas pressures can be measured with only 20 g of coal, using a small coking reactor. Gas release rates and the pressure necessary to maintain a constant nitrogen flow into the reactor via a central probe, indicate the presence of low-permeability layers on both sides of the plastic layer. On the coke side, that is considered particularly important in coking pressure generation. A comparison of internal gas pressures determined in the coking reactor and in the small oven is also given. gal03454 Method for charging coal into coke oven with indirectly adding water
gal03447 Heterogeneous gas-solid reactions: IV. Equipment Skala, D. and Kuzmanovic, B. Hem. Ind., 1997, 51, (11). 461-471. (In Serbian) Some examples of equipment for heterogeneous gas-solid reactions are analysed.
Igawa, K. and Matsui, T. 13.0411 (Cl. ClOB43/14), 14 (In Japanese) Coal is dropped and charged with water at the end of the the top of the coke oven.
Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 09 13,041 [97 Jan 1997, Appl. 951163,756, 29 Jun 1995, 4 pp.
98/03446
Hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubblecolumn reactors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Mixed oxidant high temperature corrosion in gasigal03455 fiers and power plants
Jackson, N. B. et al. Proc. Annu. Inr. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1996, 13, (2), 1226-1231. The paper discusses Sandia’s programme to develop, implement, and apply diagnostics for hydrodynamic characterization of slurry bubble-column reactors ‘(SBCRs) at industrially relevant conditions. Gas-liquid flow experiments are performed in an industrial-scale stainless steel vessel. Gamma-densitometry tomogography (GDT) is applied to make spatially resolved gas hold-up measurements. Both water and Drakeol 10 with air sparging are examined at ambient and elevated pressures. With gas superficial velocity and pressure Gas hold-up was found to increase and good agreement was discovered between the GDT values and differential pressure (DP) measurements.
Bakker, W. T. and Stringer, J. Marer. High Temp., 1997, 14, (2), 101-108. A critical review of data from long term exposure tests in several gasification plants. Exposure times ranged from 2000 to 20,000 h. All exposures were in syngas coolers of entrained slagging gasifiers, where the gas composition is not in equilibrium. Due to rapid cooling of the syngas, the high temperature (>lOOO”C) equilibrium is frozen in. Exposure temperatures ranged from 2.50-550°C. Most samples were exposed in water or steam-cooled loops. Introduction of low NO, burner systems, using overfire air, has resulted in accelerated corrosion in many US supercritical boilers, which is most likely to be due to an increase in the CO and H2S content of the flue gas near the waterwall and the presence of FeS deposits.
into the coke oven via a hopper and is sprayed charging and the water-added coal is filled on
Modified noble metal catalyst based calorimetric sensor for non-methane hydrocarbons
96103456
Improvement in heating efficiency of coke oven at CSC [China Steel Corporation] 96103449
Hong, M. et al. Kuangye, 1996, 40, (3), 48-61. (In Chinese) For a coke oven system consisting of three subsystems, a combustion management system was developed for setting the proper coking time and monitoring the thermal state of the coke oven in horizontal longitudinal and vertical directions. The management system was developed to control the average oven temperature to a suitable level and to diminish the deviations of temperature between each heating wall. In the first subsystem, a coking completion table, composed of production ratio, coal moisture and flue temperature, was established to set the target flue temperature. A reversed cooling curve was used in subsystem 2 to correlate the measured flue temperature, which was compared with an ideal transversal profile. A precise thermal states of battery heating was therefore induced. The subsystem 3, basically an on-line coke temperature measurement system, provided the needed information for coke oven heating in the vertical direction as well as monitoring the condition of the refractories. This subsystem consisted of two-colour pyrometers in an array installed at the coke car and associated computers for data collection, transmission, and analysis. The adoption of this coke oven combustion management system has resulted in a remarkable heating improvement.
lnnovatlon on the dust precipitation system of the 20tih coal powder furnace
Oh, S. ef al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 00,704 (Cl. GOlN25/00), 8 Jan 1998, US Appl. 673,887, 1 Jul 1996, 63 pp. Presents a modified (silicon-poisoned) noble metal catalyst based calorimetric sensor for sensing non-methane hydrocarbons at >2OO”C in an automotive exhaust gas stream. It includes a first sensing element with an output that provides a signal indicative of a concentration of non-methane hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A compensating sensing element has an output that provides a compensating signal indicative of a concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A circuit for combining the signal and the compensating signal provides a combined signal indicative of a measure of non-methane hydrocarbons in the automotive exhaust gas stream.
Molecular mass distribution of hydrocarbons in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on a Co/SiOz.Zr’” catalyst
90iQ3457
Yakubovich, M. N. et al. Theoret. Exp. Chem., 1997, 33, (l), 45-48. Formed in the presence of the title catalyst, the distribution of hydrocarbons C-Cl6 is described by a concave curve (downward), characteristic of a model of chain propagation through two parallel pathways. A model for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was presented by analogy to radical polymerization.
gal03450
Li, D. et al. Huanjing Gongcheng, 1997, 15, (5), 28-31. (In Chinese) The problem of the former dust precipitation system of the 20t/h coal powder furnace in the Center Machine Works of Datong Coal-Mining Bureau, China, is analysed. After an innovative remediation, fume darkness and dust concentration are all down to the national standards.
Manufacturing of pressurized fluidized bed combustor (PFBC) coal ash heat insulator by low temperature curing
90lo3451
Chen, Y. er al. DGMK Tagungsber., 1997, 9704, (Proceedings ICCS ‘97, Volume 3), 1923-1926. The influence of temperature, curing humidity and time on the manufacture of heat insulators from ash discharged from pressurized fluidized bed combustors by curing with steam at low temperatures was examined. The effect of the curing parameters on the density, thermal conductivity, bending and compressive strengths were measured. It was possible to produce various heat insulators for different purposes by changing the curing conditions.
Mathematical simulation for delayed coking furnace. III. Slmulation calculation of delayed coking furnace
98/03452
Sun, X. et al. Shiyou Xuebao, Shiyou Jiagong, 1997, 13, (3), 78-87. (In Chinese) This paper provides diagrams and samples of simulation calculation for the coking furnace. The recirculation ratio of the flue gas flow, fuel combustion models, operating conditions and some other factors influencing heat transfer are discussed. The calculated results conform well with the experimental data, suggesting the developed mathematical model is reliable and applicable.
New commercial reactors for manufacture of derivatives of synthesis gas: ammonia and urea, methanol, and formaldehyde 98/03456
Sioli, G. ef al. Khim. Prom-St., 1997, (5). 365-377. (In Russian) Reactors for the production of ammonia, the contribution of UREA CASALE in the development of high-efficiency reactors for the production of urea, the development of reactors for synthesis of methanol and the contribution of Casale Chems. S. A. in leading development of adiabatic reactor for oxidation of methanol into formaldehyde are discussed.
96lO3459 Novel means for using online monitoring of conventional power producing systems Gabor, S. Energiogordalkodos 1997, 38, (9), 410-412. (In Hungarian) Discusses modelling of the neural networks of power plants in Hungary.
96lO3460 A numerical simulation of a jetting fluidized bed coal gasifier Bi, J. et al. Fuel, 1997, 76, (4), 285-301. A jetting fluidized-bed coal gasifier with a conical distributor was numerically simulated, based on a steady-state model which took into account the hydrodynamics and mass heat transfer and reactions in the grid zone, bubble zone and freeboard zone of the gasifier. The temperatures of the particles and gas in the jet, compositions in the diluted phase and the dense phase, and some hydrodynamic characteristics were calculated and the effects of some operating conditions in the gasifier were investigated numerically. A drastic change is effected with height in the gas composition in the grid zone of the gasifier, which accompanies a marked variation of the particle temperature in the jet. The gasifying efficiency increases with
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1996 317