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03576 Improved oil recovery by application of vibro-energy to waterflooded sandstones
02
02
LIQUID
FUELS
Sources, Properties, Recovery
96lQ3566
Characterization of biomass-based flash pyrolysis
oils Sipila, K. er al. Biomass and Noenergy, 1998, 14, (2) 103-113. Based on fractionation of biomass-based flash pyrolysis oils with water and on further extraction of the water-soluble fraction with diethylether, an analytical scheme for the characterization of the oils has been developed. The chemical composition of the fractions was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The physical and chemical natures of straw, pine and hardwood pyrolysis oils were determined and compared. Correlations between the physical properties and chemical composition of the oils were drawn. Further stabilization and upgrading tests of flash pyrolysis oils will use the characterization method.
Clean fuel-water-coal slurry 96lQ3567 Wan, B. Shiyou Lianzhi Yu Huagong, 1997, 28, (6), 38-40. (In Chinese) The development and feasibility of coal-water slurries as substitutes for residual fuel oils is discussed. Coal organic petrological features and hydrocarbon generating potentials of Longtan formation in Baohetang Mine, Shaodong County
96lO3566
MO, S. et al. Xiangtan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1997, 12, (4) 22-27. (In Chinese) The coal organic petrological features and hydrocarbon-generating potentials of Longtan Formation in Baohetang mine, Shaodong county, China, were analysed by means of anthracology and pyrolysed analysis. The coal organic matter in this region has high oil-generating potential and it is good coal-related oil source rock.
Compression-ignition 96lO3569 Tropsch syncrude
fuel properties of Fischer-
Suppes, G. J. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1998, 37, (S), 2029-2038. For use as blending components for compression-ignition fuels, the suitability of a C-z2 Fischer-Tropsch light syncrude-diesel distillate was evaluated. The syncrude diesel distillate showed exceptional cetane number, but exhibited a high pour temperature of 2°C. Of the other fuels blended with the diesel distillate to moderate the pour temperature, only gasoline and hexanes were effective in reducing the pour point. Because the compositions are likely to have low viscosities and low flash-point temps, it was suggested that these fuels should be used in fuel systems that do not use fuel circulation to cool the injector.
Effects of connate water on chemical flooding processes in porous media
Thibodeau, L. and Neale, G. H. _I. Perroleum Science and Engineering, 1998, 19, (314) 159-169. The effects of connate water on the unstable displacement patterns and fractional oil recoveries observed when simulated secondary and tertiary oil displacement processes were conducted in the laboratory were investigated. Three displacement systems were examined: a non-reacting system without surfactant (water displacing non-acidic paraffin oil), a non-reacting system with externally added surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate solution displacing non-acidic paraffin oil), and a reacting system with internally generated surfactant (sodium hydroxide solution displacing acidified paraffin oil). A consolidated porous medium constructed of fused glass beads was used to simulate the underground oil reservoir. Each of the three basic displacement processes was conducted both in the absence and presence of connate water, and at three different flow rates. The results obtained indicate that the presence of connate water can exert a significant influence on the displacement pattern with the non-reacting systems, particularly at low flow rates.
Experimentally 96103571 leum-generating rocks
simulated
catagenesis
of petro-
Velev, V. ef al. Geol. Miner. Resur., 1996, 3, (5/6), 13-14. (In Bulgarian) The paper reports on methods and an apparatus for low temperature decomposition of coals, bituminoids and other sediments developed for geochemical investigations, thus allowing precise determination of the quantity and composition of the generated products. Markers are used to define the degree of catagenic alteration of these organic matters, i.e. coal particles of huminite composition according to the standard coal classification. Within the scheme of petroleum generation this simulation corresponds to an early oil stage in the zone of protocatagenesis. By increasing the duration of the experiment and reactor temperature for weeks and months, the main phase of oil generation may be achieved.
fuels
(sources,
propetties,
recovery)
96lo3572 Fast pyrolysis liquid characteristics Meier, D. and Scholze, B. Biomass GasifPyrolysis, [Conf.], 1997, 431-441. Edited by Kaltschmitt, M. and Bridgwater, A. V., CPL Press, Newbury, UK. High yields of a liquid product are produced by thermochemical conversion of woody biomass by fast pyrolysis. These liquids are useful as fuel in boilers or diesel engines or a source for various chemical feedstocks. Due to the simultaneously thermal degradation of the biopolymers cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, which constitute lignocellulosic biomass, the composition of the fast pyrolysis liquids is very complex. The paper presents results on the physico-chemical characterization of various fast pyrolysis liquids obtained from different processes, such as BTG, ENSYN, NREL, and FENOSA. A new fractionation technique has also been developed and applied to various oils which leads to the easy precipitation and filtration of the high molecular weight material. 9ala3573 Fuel in high-energy rocket propellants for high thrust and specific impulse Nichols, R. U.S. US 5,616,882 (Cl. 102-287; C06D5/02), 1 Apr 1997, US Appl. 353,854, 9 Dee 1994, 4 pp. The title fuel is composed of >5 wt% quadricyclane, its alkyl-substituted derivatives or their combinations, a fuel component selected from C,_zOalkanes, C,_za-alkenes, and C,_z,r-alkynes, RP-1 (a kerosene fraction), hexanes, n-hexane, kerosene, their mixture and an oxidizer for the fuel. Upon combination with an oxidizer, the rocket fuels provide a high energy density propellant and can permit increases of ~10 wt% in additional payload for rocket launch vehicles.
Group-type analyses of heavy petroleum fractions 96lo3574 by preparative liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry: analyses of aromatics by ring number of Liaohe vacuum gas oil, coker gas oil and heavy cycle oil Li, Y. er al. Fuel, 77, (4), 277-284. Using preparative liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (LC-SFS), Liaohe VGO, CGO and HCO were separated into saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, polyaromatics and resins. The analyses of aromatics by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS), respectively, confirmed that there were little overlaps between fractions. The order of monoaromatic contents of the three samples is VGO > CGO > HCO, while the reverse order is obtained for the polyaromatic contents of the three samples, HCO > CGO z VGO. When compared with the group-type results of the three samples by LC-SFS method, the MS group-type results of CGO and HCO appeared to be suspect.
History effects on oil recovery efficiency 96m3575 Furati, K. M. J. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1998, 19, (3/4), 295308.
The paper illustrates possible effects of saturation history in enhanced oil recovery through water and polymer flooding. It is demonstrated that favourable recoveries can be achieved via adjustment of the pre-injection conditions of reservoirs.
Improved oil recovery by application energy to waterflooded sandstones
96lO3576
Kouznetsov, 96/03570
Liquid
0. L. et al.
J. Petroleum
Science and Engineering,
of vibro1998, 19, (3/
4), 191-200.
In general, the final oil recovery of reservoirs after waterflooding does not exceed 50%. The problem of additional oil production in water-flooded oilfields, or after depletion, is therefore of major importance. A method of enhanced oil recovery based on the use of powerful surface-based vibroseismic sources is discussed here, and results of laboratory tests and their application at several oilfields in Russia and in other states formed from the former USSR are presented. Results of both laboratory and pilot-field testing of the proposed enhanced oil recovery method showed an increase in both oil recovery and the producing oil/water ratio. Oil recovery can be increased with this proposed vibro-seismic methodology, possibly in conjunction with application of direct electric current, chemical floods, etc.
Interpretive processing of a Walkaway Imaging a North Sea pre-Zechstein reservoir
96103577
Smidt, J. M. ef al.
.I. Petroleum
Science and Engineering,
VSP:
1998, 19, (3/4),
241-252.
A North Sea Rotliegendes reservoir was resolved with a three-component walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP). ‘Interpretive Processing’ was applied to the walkaway VSP, meaning that when applying conventional processing techniques, every accomplished step was interpreted and the interpreted information was used in the design of the next processing step. This data processing philosophy is significantly different from the ‘routine processing’ used in many VSP imaging efforts. During the processing, a presurvey reservoir model with lateral velocity variation was iteratively updated. Kirchhoff migration of the walkaway VSP, based on the updated velocity model, yielded better fault resolution at the reservoir level than the surface seismic section. In this case, interpretation of the Rotliegendes and pre-Permian structure was improved by the VSP image.
Mining for oil 9BlO3576 George, R. L. Sci. Am., 1998, 278, (3), 84-85. The history of trends in synthetic crude petroleum and oil shale is presented in this review.
recovery
from oil sand
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1996 337
02
LIQUID
FUELS
Sources, Properties, Recovery
96lQ3566
Characterization of biomass-based flash pyrolysis
oils Sipila, K. er al. Biomass and Noenergy, 1998, 14, (2) 103-113. Based on fractionation of biomass-based flash pyrolysis oils with water and on further extraction of the water-soluble fraction with diethylether, an analytical scheme for the characterization of the oils has been developed. The chemical composition of the fractions was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The physical and chemical natures of straw, pine and hardwood pyrolysis oils were determined and compared. Correlations between the physical properties and chemical composition of the oils were drawn. Further stabilization and upgrading tests of flash pyrolysis oils will use the characterization method.
Clean fuel-water-coal slurry 96lQ3567 Wan, B. Shiyou Lianzhi Yu Huagong, 1997, 28, (6), 38-40. (In Chinese) The development and feasibility of coal-water slurries as substitutes for residual fuel oils is discussed. Coal organic petrological features and hydrocarbon generating potentials of Longtan formation in Baohetang Mine, Shaodong County
96lO3566
MO, S. et al. Xiangtan Kuangye Xueyuan Xuebao, 1997, 12, (4) 22-27. (In Chinese) The coal organic petrological features and hydrocarbon-generating potentials of Longtan Formation in Baohetang mine, Shaodong county, China, were analysed by means of anthracology and pyrolysed analysis. The coal organic matter in this region has high oil-generating potential and it is good coal-related oil source rock.
Compression-ignition 96lO3569 Tropsch syncrude
fuel properties of Fischer-
Suppes, G. J. et al. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1998, 37, (S), 2029-2038. For use as blending components for compression-ignition fuels, the suitability of a C-z2 Fischer-Tropsch light syncrude-diesel distillate was evaluated. The syncrude diesel distillate showed exceptional cetane number, but exhibited a high pour temperature of 2°C. Of the other fuels blended with the diesel distillate to moderate the pour temperature, only gasoline and hexanes were effective in reducing the pour point. Because the compositions are likely to have low viscosities and low flash-point temps, it was suggested that these fuels should be used in fuel systems that do not use fuel circulation to cool the injector.
Effects of connate water on chemical flooding processes in porous media
Thibodeau, L. and Neale, G. H. _I. Perroleum Science and Engineering, 1998, 19, (314) 159-169. The effects of connate water on the unstable displacement patterns and fractional oil recoveries observed when simulated secondary and tertiary oil displacement processes were conducted in the laboratory were investigated. Three displacement systems were examined: a non-reacting system without surfactant (water displacing non-acidic paraffin oil), a non-reacting system with externally added surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate solution displacing non-acidic paraffin oil), and a reacting system with internally generated surfactant (sodium hydroxide solution displacing acidified paraffin oil). A consolidated porous medium constructed of fused glass beads was used to simulate the underground oil reservoir. Each of the three basic displacement processes was conducted both in the absence and presence of connate water, and at three different flow rates. The results obtained indicate that the presence of connate water can exert a significant influence on the displacement pattern with the non-reacting systems, particularly at low flow rates.
Experimentally 96103571 leum-generating rocks
simulated
catagenesis
of petro-
Velev, V. ef al. Geol. Miner. Resur., 1996, 3, (5/6), 13-14. (In Bulgarian) The paper reports on methods and an apparatus for low temperature decomposition of coals, bituminoids and other sediments developed for geochemical investigations, thus allowing precise determination of the quantity and composition of the generated products. Markers are used to define the degree of catagenic alteration of these organic matters, i.e. coal particles of huminite composition according to the standard coal classification. Within the scheme of petroleum generation this simulation corresponds to an early oil stage in the zone of protocatagenesis. By increasing the duration of the experiment and reactor temperature for weeks and months, the main phase of oil generation may be achieved.
fuels
(sources,
propetties,
recovery)
96lo3572 Fast pyrolysis liquid characteristics Meier, D. and Scholze, B. Biomass GasifPyrolysis, [Conf.], 1997, 431-441. Edited by Kaltschmitt, M. and Bridgwater, A. V., CPL Press, Newbury, UK. High yields of a liquid product are produced by thermochemical conversion of woody biomass by fast pyrolysis. These liquids are useful as fuel in boilers or diesel engines or a source for various chemical feedstocks. Due to the simultaneously thermal degradation of the biopolymers cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, which constitute lignocellulosic biomass, the composition of the fast pyrolysis liquids is very complex. The paper presents results on the physico-chemical characterization of various fast pyrolysis liquids obtained from different processes, such as BTG, ENSYN, NREL, and FENOSA. A new fractionation technique has also been developed and applied to various oils which leads to the easy precipitation and filtration of the high molecular weight material. 9ala3573 Fuel in high-energy rocket propellants for high thrust and specific impulse Nichols, R. U.S. US 5,616,882 (Cl. 102-287; C06D5/02), 1 Apr 1997, US Appl. 353,854, 9 Dee 1994, 4 pp. The title fuel is composed of >5 wt% quadricyclane, its alkyl-substituted derivatives or their combinations, a fuel component selected from C,_zOalkanes, C,_za-alkenes, and C,_z,r-alkynes, RP-1 (a kerosene fraction), hexanes, n-hexane, kerosene, their mixture and an oxidizer for the fuel. Upon combination with an oxidizer, the rocket fuels provide a high energy density propellant and can permit increases of ~10 wt% in additional payload for rocket launch vehicles.
Group-type analyses of heavy petroleum fractions 96lo3574 by preparative liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry: analyses of aromatics by ring number of Liaohe vacuum gas oil, coker gas oil and heavy cycle oil Li, Y. er al. Fuel, 77, (4), 277-284. Using preparative liquid chromatography and synchronous fluorescence spectrometry (LC-SFS), Liaohe VGO, CGO and HCO were separated into saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, polyaromatics and resins. The analyses of aromatics by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS), respectively, confirmed that there were little overlaps between fractions. The order of monoaromatic contents of the three samples is VGO > CGO > HCO, while the reverse order is obtained for the polyaromatic contents of the three samples, HCO > CGO z VGO. When compared with the group-type results of the three samples by LC-SFS method, the MS group-type results of CGO and HCO appeared to be suspect.
History effects on oil recovery efficiency 96m3575 Furati, K. M. J. Petroleum Science and Engineering, 1998, 19, (3/4), 295308.
The paper illustrates possible effects of saturation history in enhanced oil recovery through water and polymer flooding. It is demonstrated that favourable recoveries can be achieved via adjustment of the pre-injection conditions of reservoirs.
Improved oil recovery by application energy to waterflooded sandstones
96lO3576
Kouznetsov, 96/03570
Liquid
0. L. et al.
J. Petroleum
Science and Engineering,
of vibro1998, 19, (3/
4), 191-200.
In general, the final oil recovery of reservoirs after waterflooding does not exceed 50%. The problem of additional oil production in water-flooded oilfields, or after depletion, is therefore of major importance. A method of enhanced oil recovery based on the use of powerful surface-based vibroseismic sources is discussed here, and results of laboratory tests and their application at several oilfields in Russia and in other states formed from the former USSR are presented. Results of both laboratory and pilot-field testing of the proposed enhanced oil recovery method showed an increase in both oil recovery and the producing oil/water ratio. Oil recovery can be increased with this proposed vibro-seismic methodology, possibly in conjunction with application of direct electric current, chemical floods, etc.
Interpretive processing of a Walkaway Imaging a North Sea pre-Zechstein reservoir
96103577
Smidt, J. M. ef al.
.I. Petroleum
Science and Engineering,
VSP:
1998, 19, (3/4),
241-252.
A North Sea Rotliegendes reservoir was resolved with a three-component walkaway vertical seismic profile (VSP). ‘Interpretive Processing’ was applied to the walkaway VSP, meaning that when applying conventional processing techniques, every accomplished step was interpreted and the interpreted information was used in the design of the next processing step. This data processing philosophy is significantly different from the ‘routine processing’ used in many VSP imaging efforts. During the processing, a presurvey reservoir model with lateral velocity variation was iteratively updated. Kirchhoff migration of the walkaway VSP, based on the updated velocity model, yielded better fault resolution at the reservoir level than the surface seismic section. In this case, interpretation of the Rotliegendes and pre-Permian structure was improved by the VSP image.
Mining for oil 9BlO3576 George, R. L. Sci. Am., 1998, 278, (3), 84-85. The history of trends in synthetic crude petroleum and oil shale is presented in this review.
recovery
from oil sand
Fuel and Energy Abstracts September 1996 337