- Email: [email protected]
00906 Partial gasification of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite using solid heat carrier
01
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
99100902
A new form of sulfur in coal: the discovery of an iron-sulfur coordinatfon compound
99100909 Prediction of coke quality on the basis of tests in an experimental Carbotest installation
Baruah, M. K. and Gogoi, P. C. Fuel, 1998, 77, (9/10), 979-985. An iron-sulfur co-ordination compound in coal has been identified for the first time. The compound was isolated from a high sulfur Indian coal sample by extracting with tetrahydrofuran followed by methanol and ultimately separated by thin layer chromatography. Iron atoms are revealed to be bonded to thiophenic, aliphatic and inorganic sulfur atoms by the characterization of the compound by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and chemical analyses of iron and sulfur. Geochemical studies showed that the main sources of sulfur are inorganic and sulfur amino acids, mostly cysteine, cystine and methionine. This compound is considered to be a new form of sulfur because it is neither purely pyritic nor organic sulfur. The discovery of the iron-sulfur coordination compound is a great concern for the determination of the sulfur forms in coal and it has confirmed the nature and occurrence of secondary sulfur in coal.
Kosewska, M. Karho-Energochem.-Ekol., 1998, 43, (3). 102-104. (In Polish) In blast furnace technology, the mechanical strength of coke is a very important parameter for blowing coal dust into a blast-furnace. The Coke Reactivity Index and the Coke Strength after Reaction Index are used when estimating blast furnace coke quality. These are determined according to the procedure elaborated by Nippon Steel Corporation. The Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, which is considering the present and future needs of Polish cokemaking, is researching the influence of coal properties and the method of coal blend preparation on the value of Coke Strength after Reaction Index.
99/00910 Preliminary evaluation of the coal potential of the Lower Shire area (Republic of Malawi)
Zhongguo Kexue Jishu Daxue Xuebao. 1998, 28, (3), 351-355. (In Chinese) Different mechanisms cause the devolatilization of large and small coal particles in a fluidized bed. The simulation and experimental results were compared with good agreement.
Marteau, P. and Chipili, E. Chron. Rech. Min., 1908, 66, (530). 15-24. A core drilling operation was undertaken from September I989 to August 1990 in the Karoo basins of Lengwe and Mwabvi in southern Malawi, in order to evaluate the economic potential of the coal deposits. During ten months of effective drilling, 47 boreholes were drilled, totalling 2067 m at Lengwe and 2904.4 m at Mwabvi. In the Lengwe Basin, a coal-bearing level was identified in the ‘Coal Shales’ situated west of the Nkombedzi regional fault. The Coal Shales of the Mwabvi Basin are highly faulted and contain two coal-bearing levels in a narrow structure bordering the Nyamalambo regional fault which limits the Precambrian basement and the Karoo formations, where dips and thickness are very variable. The following results were obtained from coal analyses performed on 77 samples from Lengwe and 129 samples from Mwabvi: coal from Lengwe, ranked as low volatile bituminous, shows ash content on the whole greater than 50%; coal from Mwabvi, ranked as anthracite and semi-anthracite, shows an average ash content of 36% and can be improved to 28% by washing. with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The geological study of the two basins and the analysed results lead to the following conclusions: the Lengwe coalfield, in which poor quality coal occurs at considerable depth, is devoid of economic interest; at a first estimate, the Mwabvi coalfield contains 2.2 Mt of coal of less than 40% ash content at depths less than 100 m mineable in open pit; there are a further 2.5 Mt at depths greater than 100 m. Taking into account the proximity of transport infrastructures and of the main industrial consumers, the Mwabvi deposit shows potential for coal exploitation, further enhanced by possible improvement by washing.
99100906
99/00911 Preliminary study on the distribution laws of some volatile trace elements in coal of Guizhou Province, China
99100903
Novel contribution to the coal petrology
Volkova, I. B. Otechesrvennuya Geol., 1997, (ll), 37. (In Russian) Briefly characterized here is an atlas of petrology of Cineses coals.
A novel orthogonal microscope image analysis method for evaluating solvent-swelling behavior of single coal particles
99100904
Gao, H. A. er al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (5), 881-890. In order to observe and quantitatively evaluate the dynamic solvent-swelling behaviour and characteristics of coal particles separated using density gradient centrifugation technique, a novel orthogonal microscope image analysis method was developed. The results are presented.
Numerical simulation of large coal particle devola99loo905 tilization In a fluidlzed bed allowing for devolatilization heat Yu, H. et al.
Partial gasification using solid heat carrier
of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite
He, P. and Zhang, X. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1997,20, (3), 74-78. (In Chinese) A study, principally by experiment, of the partial gasification of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite using solid heat carrier. The use of the lignite is not on a large scale. The reserve of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite is very large, but the lignite has high moisture content, high ash content and low calorific value. The partial gasification using solid heat carrier was found to be suitable for gasification of the lignite.
99100907
Peat, a valuable natural resource in Europe
Lappalainen, E. and Sopo, R. Chron. Rech. Min., 1998, 66, (530), 3-13. In Europe, the present mire area is 957,000 km’. The amount of peat in this area totals 1500 Gm’, accounting for over 25% of the global peat resources. The amount of fixed carbon in the European mires is estimated at 75 Gt. Cutaway areas of around 10,000 km* have been used mainly for forestry and agriculture and a relatively small part of these areas has been regenerated. The area used for peat industry today is much smaller than it was in the 1970s and 1980s. Peat utilization in Europe has a long history: for centuries peat has been used for a variety of purposes. For over 100 years peat mining has been an industrial branch in many the European countries. Today, about 150 Mm3 of air-dried peat are produced annually. There are no detailed statistics on how much natural (in situ) peat is consumed to produce this amount of peat, but it can be estimated to be between around 350 and 370 Mm3. Around 50% of this peat is utilized in energy generation and the other 50% for horticulture or agriculture. However, the use of peat for chemical or mechanical processing is very limited. There are around 20 countries in Europe with a peat mining and peat processing industry and the multiplier effect of this branch annually grades up to more than 2 to 3 billion ECU.
99100906
The physical, thermal and phase identification studies of zirconia-fly ash material
Satapathy, L. N. Ceram. Int., 1998, 24, (8), 199-203. For its sintering characteristics the addition of zirconia in different proportions to one of Indian fly ash has been studied. The sintered product has been characterized for physical, thermal properties and phase identification studies. The density was increased with zirconia content and the percentage linear shrinkage remained almost constant. As observed, the major phase in the materials was zircon (ZrSi04). The other phases were mullite, fayalite, quartz and cristobalite. As the amount of zirconia increased in the matrix, the free silica was consumed by zirconia to form zircon. At 25% zirconia content, there was no free silica present. Revealing the decrease of per cent change in length with the addition of zirconia up to 25% in fly ash matrix were the thermal expansion studies.
96
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1999
Feng, X. et al. Huanjing Huaxue, 1998, 17, (2). 148-153. (In Chinese) The distribution laws was studied of some volatile harmful trace elements of the different coal types and coal layers from four large coal basins in Guizhou province. The elements included mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium, antimony, thallium and zinc. The study shows that the contents of the first six (mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium, antimony) in coal are higher than their Clarke values and that the contents of thallium and zinc are lower than their Clarke values. Additionally, the contents of mercury, arsenic, selenium and cadmium in coal of Guizhou province are much higher than those of north-east China and eastern Inner Mongolia. Cluster analysis of trace elements in coal produced the following results: arsenic, antimony and mercury existed in pyrite in coal, zinc and selenium mainly occurred in sphalerite, part of cadmium occurred in sulfide and the rest existed in silicate, most lead existed in silicate and the modes of occurrence of thallium in coal are very complex. 99100912 Preparation of activated C with high specific surface area from coal Zhang, S. and Zhao, F. Meifan Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (4). 46-53. (In Chinese) A review of the preparation of activated carbon with high specific surface area from coal with emphasis on the main raw materials (pitch and pitch coke), preparation with chemical activation method and affecting factors on properties of activated carbon with high specific surface area from coal.
Present status on kaolin develooments in China and the exploration and applications on coal seam kaolin from Nei Monaol
99100913
fro, i. eial. Neimenggu Dame Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban. 1998, 29, (3), 366-372. (In Chinese) A review is given on the reserves, yield, properties, uses, exploration and market situations on kaolin, particularly on coal seam kaolin in China. The disparity from advanced countries in kaolin explorations and applications are also reviewed. The proposals were made on developments and applications on coal seam kaolin from Nei Mongol China.
99100914
A
pressurized drop-tube furnace for coal reactivity
studies Ouyang, S. ef al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1998, 69, (8) 3036-3041. This paper presents the design and characterization of a pressurized droptube furnace for the investigation of coal devolatilization, gasification and combustion. Designed for high-temperature, isothermal operation in a developing laminar flow regime, the furnace can be operated at pressures up to 1600 kPa and temperatures up to 1673 K, with variable reaction time, particle feeding rate and inert and various oxidizing atmospheres. Particle
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
99100902
A new form of sulfur in coal: the discovery of an iron-sulfur coordinatfon compound
99100909 Prediction of coke quality on the basis of tests in an experimental Carbotest installation
Baruah, M. K. and Gogoi, P. C. Fuel, 1998, 77, (9/10), 979-985. An iron-sulfur co-ordination compound in coal has been identified for the first time. The compound was isolated from a high sulfur Indian coal sample by extracting with tetrahydrofuran followed by methanol and ultimately separated by thin layer chromatography. Iron atoms are revealed to be bonded to thiophenic, aliphatic and inorganic sulfur atoms by the characterization of the compound by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet and chemical analyses of iron and sulfur. Geochemical studies showed that the main sources of sulfur are inorganic and sulfur amino acids, mostly cysteine, cystine and methionine. This compound is considered to be a new form of sulfur because it is neither purely pyritic nor organic sulfur. The discovery of the iron-sulfur coordination compound is a great concern for the determination of the sulfur forms in coal and it has confirmed the nature and occurrence of secondary sulfur in coal.
Kosewska, M. Karho-Energochem.-Ekol., 1998, 43, (3). 102-104. (In Polish) In blast furnace technology, the mechanical strength of coke is a very important parameter for blowing coal dust into a blast-furnace. The Coke Reactivity Index and the Coke Strength after Reaction Index are used when estimating blast furnace coke quality. These are determined according to the procedure elaborated by Nippon Steel Corporation. The Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, which is considering the present and future needs of Polish cokemaking, is researching the influence of coal properties and the method of coal blend preparation on the value of Coke Strength after Reaction Index.
99/00910 Preliminary evaluation of the coal potential of the Lower Shire area (Republic of Malawi)
Zhongguo Kexue Jishu Daxue Xuebao. 1998, 28, (3), 351-355. (In Chinese) Different mechanisms cause the devolatilization of large and small coal particles in a fluidized bed. The simulation and experimental results were compared with good agreement.
Marteau, P. and Chipili, E. Chron. Rech. Min., 1908, 66, (530). 15-24. A core drilling operation was undertaken from September I989 to August 1990 in the Karoo basins of Lengwe and Mwabvi in southern Malawi, in order to evaluate the economic potential of the coal deposits. During ten months of effective drilling, 47 boreholes were drilled, totalling 2067 m at Lengwe and 2904.4 m at Mwabvi. In the Lengwe Basin, a coal-bearing level was identified in the ‘Coal Shales’ situated west of the Nkombedzi regional fault. The Coal Shales of the Mwabvi Basin are highly faulted and contain two coal-bearing levels in a narrow structure bordering the Nyamalambo regional fault which limits the Precambrian basement and the Karoo formations, where dips and thickness are very variable. The following results were obtained from coal analyses performed on 77 samples from Lengwe and 129 samples from Mwabvi: coal from Lengwe, ranked as low volatile bituminous, shows ash content on the whole greater than 50%; coal from Mwabvi, ranked as anthracite and semi-anthracite, shows an average ash content of 36% and can be improved to 28% by washing. with a recovery rate of 63.5%. The geological study of the two basins and the analysed results lead to the following conclusions: the Lengwe coalfield, in which poor quality coal occurs at considerable depth, is devoid of economic interest; at a first estimate, the Mwabvi coalfield contains 2.2 Mt of coal of less than 40% ash content at depths less than 100 m mineable in open pit; there are a further 2.5 Mt at depths greater than 100 m. Taking into account the proximity of transport infrastructures and of the main industrial consumers, the Mwabvi deposit shows potential for coal exploitation, further enhanced by possible improvement by washing.
99100906
99/00911 Preliminary study on the distribution laws of some volatile trace elements in coal of Guizhou Province, China
99100903
Novel contribution to the coal petrology
Volkova, I. B. Otechesrvennuya Geol., 1997, (ll), 37. (In Russian) Briefly characterized here is an atlas of petrology of Cineses coals.
A novel orthogonal microscope image analysis method for evaluating solvent-swelling behavior of single coal particles
99100904
Gao, H. A. er al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (5), 881-890. In order to observe and quantitatively evaluate the dynamic solvent-swelling behaviour and characteristics of coal particles separated using density gradient centrifugation technique, a novel orthogonal microscope image analysis method was developed. The results are presented.
Numerical simulation of large coal particle devola99loo905 tilization In a fluidlzed bed allowing for devolatilization heat Yu, H. et al.
Partial gasification using solid heat carrier
of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite
He, P. and Zhang, X. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1997,20, (3), 74-78. (In Chinese) A study, principally by experiment, of the partial gasification of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite using solid heat carrier. The use of the lignite is not on a large scale. The reserve of Yunnan Zhaotong lignite is very large, but the lignite has high moisture content, high ash content and low calorific value. The partial gasification using solid heat carrier was found to be suitable for gasification of the lignite.
99100907
Peat, a valuable natural resource in Europe
Lappalainen, E. and Sopo, R. Chron. Rech. Min., 1998, 66, (530), 3-13. In Europe, the present mire area is 957,000 km’. The amount of peat in this area totals 1500 Gm’, accounting for over 25% of the global peat resources. The amount of fixed carbon in the European mires is estimated at 75 Gt. Cutaway areas of around 10,000 km* have been used mainly for forestry and agriculture and a relatively small part of these areas has been regenerated. The area used for peat industry today is much smaller than it was in the 1970s and 1980s. Peat utilization in Europe has a long history: for centuries peat has been used for a variety of purposes. For over 100 years peat mining has been an industrial branch in many the European countries. Today, about 150 Mm3 of air-dried peat are produced annually. There are no detailed statistics on how much natural (in situ) peat is consumed to produce this amount of peat, but it can be estimated to be between around 350 and 370 Mm3. Around 50% of this peat is utilized in energy generation and the other 50% for horticulture or agriculture. However, the use of peat for chemical or mechanical processing is very limited. There are around 20 countries in Europe with a peat mining and peat processing industry and the multiplier effect of this branch annually grades up to more than 2 to 3 billion ECU.
99100906
The physical, thermal and phase identification studies of zirconia-fly ash material
Satapathy, L. N. Ceram. Int., 1998, 24, (8), 199-203. For its sintering characteristics the addition of zirconia in different proportions to one of Indian fly ash has been studied. The sintered product has been characterized for physical, thermal properties and phase identification studies. The density was increased with zirconia content and the percentage linear shrinkage remained almost constant. As observed, the major phase in the materials was zircon (ZrSi04). The other phases were mullite, fayalite, quartz and cristobalite. As the amount of zirconia increased in the matrix, the free silica was consumed by zirconia to form zircon. At 25% zirconia content, there was no free silica present. Revealing the decrease of per cent change in length with the addition of zirconia up to 25% in fly ash matrix were the thermal expansion studies.
96
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 1999
Feng, X. et al. Huanjing Huaxue, 1998, 17, (2). 148-153. (In Chinese) The distribution laws was studied of some volatile harmful trace elements of the different coal types and coal layers from four large coal basins in Guizhou province. The elements included mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium, antimony, thallium and zinc. The study shows that the contents of the first six (mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium, antimony) in coal are higher than their Clarke values and that the contents of thallium and zinc are lower than their Clarke values. Additionally, the contents of mercury, arsenic, selenium and cadmium in coal of Guizhou province are much higher than those of north-east China and eastern Inner Mongolia. Cluster analysis of trace elements in coal produced the following results: arsenic, antimony and mercury existed in pyrite in coal, zinc and selenium mainly occurred in sphalerite, part of cadmium occurred in sulfide and the rest existed in silicate, most lead existed in silicate and the modes of occurrence of thallium in coal are very complex. 99100912 Preparation of activated C with high specific surface area from coal Zhang, S. and Zhao, F. Meifan Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (4). 46-53. (In Chinese) A review of the preparation of activated carbon with high specific surface area from coal with emphasis on the main raw materials (pitch and pitch coke), preparation with chemical activation method and affecting factors on properties of activated carbon with high specific surface area from coal.
Present status on kaolin develooments in China and the exploration and applications on coal seam kaolin from Nei Monaol
99100913
fro, i. eial. Neimenggu Dame Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban. 1998, 29, (3), 366-372. (In Chinese) A review is given on the reserves, yield, properties, uses, exploration and market situations on kaolin, particularly on coal seam kaolin in China. The disparity from advanced countries in kaolin explorations and applications are also reviewed. The proposals were made on developments and applications on coal seam kaolin from Nei Mongol China.
99100914
A
pressurized drop-tube furnace for coal reactivity
studies Ouyang, S. ef al. Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1998, 69, (8) 3036-3041. This paper presents the design and characterization of a pressurized droptube furnace for the investigation of coal devolatilization, gasification and combustion. Designed for high-temperature, isothermal operation in a developing laminar flow regime, the furnace can be operated at pressures up to 1600 kPa and temperatures up to 1673 K, with variable reaction time, particle feeding rate and inert and various oxidizing atmospheres. Particle