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zirconium catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
02 Liquid fuels (transport, refining, quality, storage)
Transport,
Refining, Quality, Storage
99101037 Cobalt/molybdenum/zirconium catalyst for FischerTropsch synthesis Wilson, G. R. and Carr, N. L. US 5.780.381 (Cl. 502-308; BOlJ23/28), 14 Jul 1998, US Appl. 485,351, 7 Jun 1995, 8 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.356.697, abandoned. A study of novel catalysts for a slurry reactor Fischer-Tropsch conversion process on a small diameter alumina support. The catalysts comprised of cobalt promoted with zirconium, molybdenum or zirconium and molybdenum. The catalysts while minimizing production of less desirable oxygencontaining products such as alcohols were highly selective for production of liquid hydrocarbons. The preferred catalysts contain from 5% to 35% cobalt and from 0.1% to 10% zirconium or zirconium and molybdenum. The preferred process is carried out in a one or more slurry bubble column reactor stages in series.
Corrosion in equipment for storage and transportation of petroleum products 99/0103a
Groysman, A. Kim., Handasa Kim., 1998, 32, 13-16, 18-20, 22-23. (In Hebrew) The analysis of the corrosion phenomena and mechanisms in the equipment of storage and transportation of petroleum products and crude oil is the aim of this paper, as‘well as anticorrosion preventative measures. This work is based on five years of investigations made in the Haifa Oil Refineries. The main causes of the severe corrosion in the equipment in contact with gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, diesel oil and fuel oil were defined. The floating roofs and shells of the gasoline storage tanks often suffer from severe electrochemical corrosion brought about by water and dissolved oxygen contained in the gasoline. The inner surface of fixed roofs in the tanks for storage of diesel oil and fuel oil are susceptible to attack by hydrogen sulfide and water vapour. Microbiological induced corrosion was the problem for the inner surface of the floor in the tanks for storage diesel oil, fuel oil, kerosene and crude oil. The corrosion state and corrosion rates of the aboveground storage tanks containing the petroleum products and crude oil were defined after 55 years of use. Technology measures, coatings (organic and metalized), corrosion inhibitors (water based and vapour phased inhibitors) and biocides were analysed as anticorrosion measures. Out of 40 coating systems examined in accelerated tests 30 were recommended for the protection of inner surface of storage tanks containing petroleum products.
99101039 Developments in distillate fuels specifications and strategies for meeting them Heckel, T. er al. Hart’s Fuel Technol. Manage., 1998, 8, (4), 35-36, 38-40. To demonstrate the performance of multi-functional catalysts for the MQD Unionfining integrated process for upgrading of diesel fuel and kerosene (jet fuel), a review of recent results from commercial units are given.
Dry quenching equipment for red-hot coke and 99lO1040 manufacture of-coke lsozaki, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,650 [98 130,650] (Cl. ClOB39/02), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/305,582, 31 Ott 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The manufacture of blast-furnace coke and coke dry quenching equipment (CDQ) for red-hot coke with high-production efficiency comprising of a quenching tower with a prechamber on top of a cooling chamber, equipped with upper air-injection inlets and a vertical centre pipe having a plurality of nozzles for injecting the air for homogeneously reheating and coking.
Environmentally friendly possibilities to compen99lO1041 sate octane deficiency resulting from benzene content reduction of motor gasolines Hancsok, J. et al. Per. Coal, 1998, 40, (l), 33-38. Aspects of the title subject are described and critically evaluated (use of oxygenates, light alkylates, isooctane fraction, selectively hydrogenated light cracked gasolines and reformates, isomerates etc.). Results from blending experiments with different fractions resulting from benzene saturating isomerization, MTBE and the usual gasoline blending components are discussed.
Fuel oil additives 99101042 Tsuru, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 158,665 [98 158,665] (Cl. ClOLli 24). 16 Jun 1998, Appl. 96/331,461, 26 Nov 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) A paper discussing the components of additives for low-quality fuel oils with improved dispersion capability of sludges. They contain more than one esterified compound, amine salt and amide of olefinic hydrocarbon-maleic anhydride copolymer, organic acids and amphoteric surfactants. High-performance method and plant for regenera99101043 tion of waste lubricating oils Boufahja, M. A. et al. PCT lnt. Appl. WO 98 26,031 (Cl. ClOM175/00), 18 Jun 1998, FR Appl. 96/15,380, 13 Dee 1996, 21 pp. (In French) For regeneration of waste lubricating oils with low content of fuel, fatty acids and chlorine-containing compounds a method and apparatus are disclosed. The waste lubricating waste oil is subjected to the following steps
successively: adding an aqueous solution of strong bases in two steps 0.5-3 wt% total with heating to 120-250°C between the two steps; dewatering and removing light hydrocarbons; removing and recuperating-gas oil (stripping); and removing impurities. The procedure is improved by a complementary addition of an aqueous solution of a strong base 0.1-l wt% (waste oil basis) following the step for dewatering and removal of light hydrocarbons. Distillation removes impurities from the treated waste lubricating oil.
Hydrotreating of different petroleum fractions by laboratory reactor simulation
99101044
Selakovic, 0. V. et al. Pet. Coal, 1998, 40, (l), 25-26. The possibility of hydrotreating jet fuel and two mixtures of light cycle oil and light gas oil on CoMoiAlrOs catalyst C-20 was investigated. It was searched for the optimum temperature for total sulfur and mercaptanesulfur removal using continuous laboratory reactor simulation. 99lO1045
IGCC
technology used in petroleum refining in-
dustry Xu, M. Gaoqiao Shihua, 1997, 12, (4) 25-27, 36. (In Chinese) The use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology in the petroleum refining industry is addressed in this review. Included in the report are: the process of IGCC technology, the property of equipment, the economic analysis, the environment and IGCC projects in construction. The use of IGCC technology offers a new method for the use of heavy oil with high sulfur content.
Improving pour point of paraffinic contacting with catalyst based on zeolite NU-86
99101046
charges by
Benazzi, E. and George, M. N. Fr. Demande FR 2,756,295 (Cl. ClOG45/ 64). 29 May 1998, Appl. 96/14,627, 27 Nov 1996, 15 pp. (In French) In this paper, a charge containing C ,r,, paraffins and boiling point 2280°C is contacted with a catalyst containing zeolite NU-86 and 21 hydrogenation-dehydrogenation element at 170-500°C l-250 bar, space velocity of 0.05-100/h and hydrogen/charge volume ratio of 50-2OOO:l. The catalyst improves the pour point and increases the viscosity index of mineral oils. The catalyst is also suitable for treatment of gas oils, synthetic oils, FischerTropsch paraffins, vacuum residues and hydrocracking residues.
Improving pour point of paraffinic charges by contacting with catalyst based on dealuminized zeolite NU-86
99101047
Benazzi, E. and George, M. N. Fr. Demande FR 2,756,296 (Cl. ClOG45/ 64). 29 May 1998, Appl. 96/14,628, 27 Nov 1996; 18 pp. (In French) In this paper, a charge containing C >,a paraffins and boiling point 2175°C is contacted with a catalyst containing 0.5-99.9 wt% zeolite NU-86 at 1705OO”C, l-250 bar, space velocity of 0.05-100/h and hydrogen/charge volume ratio of 50-2000:l. The catalyst contains silicon, 21 element (T) from a group with a Si/T atomic ratio of >20:1; and >l hydrogenationdehydrogenation element. The catalyst improves the pour point and increases the viscosity index of mineral oils. The catalyst is also suitable for treatment of eas oils. svnthetic oils. Fischer-Troosch oaraffins. vacuum . . residues and hyd;ocrack& residues.
99lO1048 properties Radicevic R. In bitumen, The type and temperature, leaching of concentration,
Investigation of the bitumenlpolyethylene
blends
2. et al. Pet. Coal, 1998, 40, (2), 100-101. low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as the modifier. concentration of LDPE was varied. The fracture point at low the softening point, the penetration properties and the oil blends were determined. With the increase of LDPE the properties of bitumen/LDPE blends are improved.
99101049 Liquid emulslon membrane technology and its application in separation of liquid hydrocarbons Guo, C. er al. Meitun Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (3), 40-48. (In Chinese) A review detailing liquid emulsion membrane technology and its application in separation of liquid hydrocarbons. Particular attention is paid to the principles, mathematical models and affecting factors of the liquid emulsion membrane process, the advantages and disadvantages of the liquid emulsion membrane separation technology and the application of the liquid emulsion membrane in the separation and refinement of the liquid hydrocarbons manufactured from coal tar.
99lO1050 Measurement combustors
of the mixing quality
in premix
Energy Cowers.
Manage., 1998, 39, (16-18) 1991-1999. Braun, H. et al. By mixing fuel and air in gas turbines low emission combustion can be achieved but this is a problematic process. In premixed combustors and fuel staged combustors the quality of the fuel-air mixture is the determinant parameter for the amount of emissions of nitric oxides (NO,). The nearly nerfect oreoaration of the fuel-air mixture is also a condition for troublefree opera&on in catalytic combustion. Prevaporization of liquid fuels hampers the process of mixing. So the investigative work at the Department of Steam and Gas Turbines at the University of Bochum concentrated on experiments with liquid fuels. The results confirmed that there is a great potential of reducing NO, emission even with liquid fuels and reveal the key role of prevaporization and mixing. The experiments were carried out at a premix combustion test rig at moderate pressure. The strong dependence of the pollutant emissions on the mixture was clearly revealed.
Fuel and Energy Abstrscts
March 1999
109
Transport,
Refining, Quality, Storage
99101037 Cobalt/molybdenum/zirconium catalyst for FischerTropsch synthesis Wilson, G. R. and Carr, N. L. US 5.780.381 (Cl. 502-308; BOlJ23/28), 14 Jul 1998, US Appl. 485,351, 7 Jun 1995, 8 pp. Cont.-in-part of U.S. Ser. No.356.697, abandoned. A study of novel catalysts for a slurry reactor Fischer-Tropsch conversion process on a small diameter alumina support. The catalysts comprised of cobalt promoted with zirconium, molybdenum or zirconium and molybdenum. The catalysts while minimizing production of less desirable oxygencontaining products such as alcohols were highly selective for production of liquid hydrocarbons. The preferred catalysts contain from 5% to 35% cobalt and from 0.1% to 10% zirconium or zirconium and molybdenum. The preferred process is carried out in a one or more slurry bubble column reactor stages in series.
Corrosion in equipment for storage and transportation of petroleum products 99/0103a
Groysman, A. Kim., Handasa Kim., 1998, 32, 13-16, 18-20, 22-23. (In Hebrew) The analysis of the corrosion phenomena and mechanisms in the equipment of storage and transportation of petroleum products and crude oil is the aim of this paper, as‘well as anticorrosion preventative measures. This work is based on five years of investigations made in the Haifa Oil Refineries. The main causes of the severe corrosion in the equipment in contact with gasoline, kerosene, crude oil, diesel oil and fuel oil were defined. The floating roofs and shells of the gasoline storage tanks often suffer from severe electrochemical corrosion brought about by water and dissolved oxygen contained in the gasoline. The inner surface of fixed roofs in the tanks for storage of diesel oil and fuel oil are susceptible to attack by hydrogen sulfide and water vapour. Microbiological induced corrosion was the problem for the inner surface of the floor in the tanks for storage diesel oil, fuel oil, kerosene and crude oil. The corrosion state and corrosion rates of the aboveground storage tanks containing the petroleum products and crude oil were defined after 55 years of use. Technology measures, coatings (organic and metalized), corrosion inhibitors (water based and vapour phased inhibitors) and biocides were analysed as anticorrosion measures. Out of 40 coating systems examined in accelerated tests 30 were recommended for the protection of inner surface of storage tanks containing petroleum products.
99101039 Developments in distillate fuels specifications and strategies for meeting them Heckel, T. er al. Hart’s Fuel Technol. Manage., 1998, 8, (4), 35-36, 38-40. To demonstrate the performance of multi-functional catalysts for the MQD Unionfining integrated process for upgrading of diesel fuel and kerosene (jet fuel), a review of recent results from commercial units are given.
Dry quenching equipment for red-hot coke and 99lO1040 manufacture of-coke lsozaki, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 130,650 [98 130,650] (Cl. ClOB39/02), 19 May 1998, Appl. 96/305,582, 31 Ott 1996, 7 pp. (In Japanese) The manufacture of blast-furnace coke and coke dry quenching equipment (CDQ) for red-hot coke with high-production efficiency comprising of a quenching tower with a prechamber on top of a cooling chamber, equipped with upper air-injection inlets and a vertical centre pipe having a plurality of nozzles for injecting the air for homogeneously reheating and coking.
Environmentally friendly possibilities to compen99lO1041 sate octane deficiency resulting from benzene content reduction of motor gasolines Hancsok, J. et al. Per. Coal, 1998, 40, (l), 33-38. Aspects of the title subject are described and critically evaluated (use of oxygenates, light alkylates, isooctane fraction, selectively hydrogenated light cracked gasolines and reformates, isomerates etc.). Results from blending experiments with different fractions resulting from benzene saturating isomerization, MTBE and the usual gasoline blending components are discussed.
Fuel oil additives 99101042 Tsuru, S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 158,665 [98 158,665] (Cl. ClOLli 24). 16 Jun 1998, Appl. 96/331,461, 26 Nov 1996, 4 pp. (In Japanese) A paper discussing the components of additives for low-quality fuel oils with improved dispersion capability of sludges. They contain more than one esterified compound, amine salt and amide of olefinic hydrocarbon-maleic anhydride copolymer, organic acids and amphoteric surfactants. High-performance method and plant for regenera99101043 tion of waste lubricating oils Boufahja, M. A. et al. PCT lnt. Appl. WO 98 26,031 (Cl. ClOM175/00), 18 Jun 1998, FR Appl. 96/15,380, 13 Dee 1996, 21 pp. (In French) For regeneration of waste lubricating oils with low content of fuel, fatty acids and chlorine-containing compounds a method and apparatus are disclosed. The waste lubricating waste oil is subjected to the following steps
successively: adding an aqueous solution of strong bases in two steps 0.5-3 wt% total with heating to 120-250°C between the two steps; dewatering and removing light hydrocarbons; removing and recuperating-gas oil (stripping); and removing impurities. The procedure is improved by a complementary addition of an aqueous solution of a strong base 0.1-l wt% (waste oil basis) following the step for dewatering and removal of light hydrocarbons. Distillation removes impurities from the treated waste lubricating oil.
Hydrotreating of different petroleum fractions by laboratory reactor simulation
99101044
Selakovic, 0. V. et al. Pet. Coal, 1998, 40, (l), 25-26. The possibility of hydrotreating jet fuel and two mixtures of light cycle oil and light gas oil on CoMoiAlrOs catalyst C-20 was investigated. It was searched for the optimum temperature for total sulfur and mercaptanesulfur removal using continuous laboratory reactor simulation. 99lO1045
IGCC
technology used in petroleum refining in-
dustry Xu, M. Gaoqiao Shihua, 1997, 12, (4) 25-27, 36. (In Chinese) The use of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology in the petroleum refining industry is addressed in this review. Included in the report are: the process of IGCC technology, the property of equipment, the economic analysis, the environment and IGCC projects in construction. The use of IGCC technology offers a new method for the use of heavy oil with high sulfur content.
Improving pour point of paraffinic contacting with catalyst based on zeolite NU-86
99101046
charges by
Benazzi, E. and George, M. N. Fr. Demande FR 2,756,295 (Cl. ClOG45/ 64). 29 May 1998, Appl. 96/14,627, 27 Nov 1996, 15 pp. (In French) In this paper, a charge containing C ,r,, paraffins and boiling point 2280°C is contacted with a catalyst containing zeolite NU-86 and 21 hydrogenation-dehydrogenation element at 170-500°C l-250 bar, space velocity of 0.05-100/h and hydrogen/charge volume ratio of 50-2OOO:l. The catalyst improves the pour point and increases the viscosity index of mineral oils. The catalyst is also suitable for treatment of gas oils, synthetic oils, FischerTropsch paraffins, vacuum residues and hydrocracking residues.
Improving pour point of paraffinic charges by contacting with catalyst based on dealuminized zeolite NU-86
99101047
Benazzi, E. and George, M. N. Fr. Demande FR 2,756,296 (Cl. ClOG45/ 64). 29 May 1998, Appl. 96/14,628, 27 Nov 1996; 18 pp. (In French) In this paper, a charge containing C >,a paraffins and boiling point 2175°C is contacted with a catalyst containing 0.5-99.9 wt% zeolite NU-86 at 1705OO”C, l-250 bar, space velocity of 0.05-100/h and hydrogen/charge volume ratio of 50-2000:l. The catalyst contains silicon, 21 element (T) from a group with a Si/T atomic ratio of >20:1; and >l hydrogenationdehydrogenation element. The catalyst improves the pour point and increases the viscosity index of mineral oils. The catalyst is also suitable for treatment of eas oils. svnthetic oils. Fischer-Troosch oaraffins. vacuum . . residues and hyd;ocrack& residues.
99lO1048 properties Radicevic R. In bitumen, The type and temperature, leaching of concentration,
Investigation of the bitumenlpolyethylene
blends
2. et al. Pet. Coal, 1998, 40, (2), 100-101. low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as the modifier. concentration of LDPE was varied. The fracture point at low the softening point, the penetration properties and the oil blends were determined. With the increase of LDPE the properties of bitumen/LDPE blends are improved.
99101049 Liquid emulslon membrane technology and its application in separation of liquid hydrocarbons Guo, C. er al. Meitun Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (3), 40-48. (In Chinese) A review detailing liquid emulsion membrane technology and its application in separation of liquid hydrocarbons. Particular attention is paid to the principles, mathematical models and affecting factors of the liquid emulsion membrane process, the advantages and disadvantages of the liquid emulsion membrane separation technology and the application of the liquid emulsion membrane in the separation and refinement of the liquid hydrocarbons manufactured from coal tar.
99lO1050 Measurement combustors
of the mixing quality
in premix
Energy Cowers.
Manage., 1998, 39, (16-18) 1991-1999. Braun, H. et al. By mixing fuel and air in gas turbines low emission combustion can be achieved but this is a problematic process. In premixed combustors and fuel staged combustors the quality of the fuel-air mixture is the determinant parameter for the amount of emissions of nitric oxides (NO,). The nearly nerfect oreoaration of the fuel-air mixture is also a condition for troublefree opera&on in catalytic combustion. Prevaporization of liquid fuels hampers the process of mixing. So the investigative work at the Department of Steam and Gas Turbines at the University of Bochum concentrated on experiments with liquid fuels. The results confirmed that there is a great potential of reducing NO, emission even with liquid fuels and reveal the key role of prevaporization and mixing. The experiments were carried out at a premix combustion test rig at moderate pressure. The strong dependence of the pollutant emissions on the mixture was clearly revealed.
Fuel and Energy Abstrscts
March 1999
109