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01578 A case study: development of environmental protection measures for coke ovens
15
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
carbon emissions by more than 20 megatonnes annually. This corresponds to the emission reduction target for the electricity energy generation sector in the US Climate Change Action Plan. In the medium term, electricity with less carbon emissions per kWh than existing coal-based systems could be provided by a power generation system employing existing fuel cell technology. For the long term, power with still higher efficiency would be provided by an advanced version of fuel cell technology which is still in development. These fuel cell power generation systems are designed to capture carbon dioxide in pure form at the power station. If this were done and the by-product carbon dioxide were captured, the fuel cell systems would deliver power with negligible atmospheric carbon emissions.
Agent for removing acidic gas from incinerator flue gas and its production method
99101569
Sato S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 202,042 [98 202,042] (Cl. BOlD53/ 14), 4 Aug 1998, Appl. 97/8,678, 21 Jan 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese) An aqueous slurry of basic alkali earth metal compound and heavy metal stabilization agent at 0.1-50 wt% of solid concentration is used to produce the agent. It is suitable for neutralizing acidic gas and capturing heavy metals in fly ashes in the flue gas.
Alternative flue gas conditioning for Improved ESP performance on fly ash from low-sulfur coal
99101570
Durham, M. D. et al. PWR (Am. Sm. Mech. Eng.), 1997, 32, (2). 647-654. A proprietary flue gas conditioning agent has been commercialized by ADA Environmental Solutions to provide utilities and industries with a costeffective means to comply with environmental regulations on particulate emissions and opacity. This system decreases particle resistivity which improves the performance of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) with resistivity-related performance problems. A related development is that reducing SO* and NO, emissions from utility boilers as required by the Clean Air Act Amendments can substantially increase particulate emissions from existing ESP. In addition, several utilities have installed low-NO, burners which caused increased particulate emissions following combustion modification. Laboratory, pilot and full scale test programme results demonstrating the capability of this new technology are presented. Tests were conducted on hot- and cold-side ESP burning a variety of low-sulfur coals. Data showed reduced particle resistivity, increased ESP power and decreased opacity for different applications.
Anion scavengers for low-level radioactive waste 99101571 repository backfills Balsley, S. D. et al. J. Soil Confam., 1998, 7, (2), 125-141. Critical to the success of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) storage facilities would be the minimization of “‘I- and 99Tc04- transport to the biosphere. The authors experimental identify and classify potential sorbent materials for inclusion in LLRW backfills. For low-pH conditions (pH 4-5), copper sulfides and possibly imogolite-rich soils provide K,J’s (distribution coefficients) of roughly 10. ml/g for I- and 10’ ml/g for Tc04-. At near neutral pH, hydrotalcites, copper oxides, copper sulfides and lignite coal possess b’s on the order of 10’ ml/g for both I- and Tc04-. At high pH (pH > lo), such as might occur in a cementitious LLRW facility, calculated to be roughly lo* ml/g for both I- and Tc04- are calcium mono-sulfate aluminate G’s,
Apparatus for recovering slag from wastes and slag producing meitiod
99101572
Maruyama, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 202,225 [98 202,225] (Cl. B09B3/00), 4 Aug 1998, Appl. 97/20,885, 21 Jan 1997, 7 pp. (In Japanese) A slag recovering apparatus comprises a fluidized bed type gasification furnace and a melting furnace is presented. The gasification furnace gasifies wastes and the melting furnace is used to gasify and burn the discharged gaseous substances and char at higher temperature whilst converting incombustible or non-gasified substances into slag. A curing apparatus is connected with the melting furnace. There is also a heating mechanism to keeping the molten slag from the melting furnace warm and a mechanism separating the slag and metals. The slag is produced by introducing the molten slag from the melting furnace into the curing process, ageing the molten slag and discharging it. The curing apparatus prevents elution of harmful substances such as heavy metals, especially lead. 99101573
99/01575
Biodegradation of coal tar constituents in aquifer
sediments Bouwer, E. J. et al. Soil Aquifer Pollut., ]Int. Workshop], 1996, 173-190. Edited by Rubin, H. et al., Springer, Berlin, Germany. Addressed is the importance of mass transfer effects and chemical conditions to in-situ bioremediation, as they apply to a coal tar-polluted site presented as a case study. The site, formerly used as a manufactured gas plant, is polluted with mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As part of an on-going bioremediation feasibility study, experiments assessed the ability of sediment bacteria to mineralize “C-labelled forms of primary coal tar constituents under intrinsic and enhanced conditions. Modelling and experimental studies were combined to determine the effect of mass transfer rate on biodegradation performance. Substantial biodegradation was observed in the absence of nutrient amendments and was stimulated by adding oxygen, NH.++ and Pod’supplements. Experimental results suggested that enhanced aerobic bioremediation effectively reduced the pollutant mass at the manufactured gas plant site. Empirical data and numerical simulations suggested that the bioremediation rate, intrinsic or enhanced, was limited by pollutant sorption to aquifer sediment; consequently, in the biodegradation rate, the mass transfer rate is an important control.
Biological monitoring of environmental beryllium 99107 576 Bylinska, E. and Sarosiek, J. Air Poll&. V, Inc. Conf. Air Pollut., 5th, 1997, 829-835. Edited by Power, H. et al., Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK. The environmental health criteria for beryllium was introduced by the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) in 1990. Today, general human population exposure is mainly confined to low levels of airborne beryllium from the combustion of fossil fuels. Where coal of very high beryllium content is burned, health problems may arise. In industrial urban agglomerations of Poland such as Wroclaw, technical monitoring of beryllium should be complemented with biological monitoring. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, concentrations of beryllium were determined in leaves from trees and in dust deposited on leaves collected from sampling sites with different degrees of air pollution. Czaja Mnium test revealed that the dust deposited at all sampling sites was toxic to experimental plants. Moreover, leaves showed disturbances in cationic equilibrium. The beryllium concentration in leaves is a good bioindicator of air pollution, with this element produced mostly by emission of dust from power stations. Concentration of beryllium in leaves is correlated with the concentration of sulfur and to a high degree reflects also concentration of SO* in air. This suggests a possibility to use the level of beryllium in tree leaves to evaluate pollution by this metal on a local scale, its spatial distribution in big cities and to detect the extent of dust emissions from main sources such as large power plants. 99107 577 Biological nitrogen removal from coke plant wastewater with external carbon addition Lee, M. W. and Park, J. M. Water Environ. Res., 1998, 70, (5), 1090-1095. The treatment of coke plant wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia and toxic compounds such as phenol and cyanide involved a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) system. The system was made up of carbon removal, nitrification and denitrification stages The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of complete ammonia removal from the coke plant wastewater using a sequential BNR process with external carbon addition. The external carbon source used in the denitrification stage after oxidation of phenol was sodium acetate and other carbonaceous compounds were used in the carbon-removal stage. The efficiency of denitrification was strongly affected by the loading rate of the external carbon source. The overall removal efficiency of major soluble pollutants in the wastewater was greater than 95% in the BNR system. The nitrification was markedly inhibited when a step input of phenol was introduced to check the stability of the overall system, because of the incomplete degradation of phenol in the carbon-removal stage. However, normal efficiency was regained in the nitrification stage within 18 days.
Application of micronized coal reburning for NO,
control Folsom, B. A. et al. EC (Am. Sot. Mechanical Eng.), 1997, 5, (l), 633-638. In order to meet RACT emissions this paper presents the application of micronized coal reburning to a cyclone-fired boiler requirements in New York State. Discussed in the paper are reburning technology and the application of the technology to an Eastman Kodak unit. Without adverse impact to the boiler the programme is designed to demonstrate the economical reduction of NO, emissions.
Autogenous smelting of nonferrous ores and concentrates using molten slag bath for coal gaslflcatlon In control of sulfur emls&ion
99101574
Mechev, V. U. er al. Russ. RU 2.093.593 (Cl. C22B7/04), 20 Ott 1997, Appl. 95,106,566, 25 Apr 1995. (In Rus&an).‘From Izobret&iya 1997, (29), 313. Title only translated.
156 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 7999
99101576 A case study: development of environmental protection measures for coke ovens Hodges, D. ENCOSTEEL: Steel Sustainable Dev., Conf. Pap., 1997, 233240. To manufacture iron in blast furnaces coke remains an essential ingredient. Applied have been new solutions to pollution problems of coke ovens with increased environmental requirements. A case study of the development of environmental protection measures for coke ovens at the Port Kembla Steelworks, Australia, is presented. As well as alternative methods of environmental improvement, the topics discussed include: legislation; air quality improvements; water quality improvements; other environmental considerations; workplace and community monitoring (workplace air, community ambient air, waterways).
Environment
(pollution, health protection,
safety)
carbon emissions by more than 20 megatonnes annually. This corresponds to the emission reduction target for the electricity energy generation sector in the US Climate Change Action Plan. In the medium term, electricity with less carbon emissions per kWh than existing coal-based systems could be provided by a power generation system employing existing fuel cell technology. For the long term, power with still higher efficiency would be provided by an advanced version of fuel cell technology which is still in development. These fuel cell power generation systems are designed to capture carbon dioxide in pure form at the power station. If this were done and the by-product carbon dioxide were captured, the fuel cell systems would deliver power with negligible atmospheric carbon emissions.
Agent for removing acidic gas from incinerator flue gas and its production method
99101569
Sato S. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 202,042 [98 202,042] (Cl. BOlD53/ 14), 4 Aug 1998, Appl. 97/8,678, 21 Jan 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese) An aqueous slurry of basic alkali earth metal compound and heavy metal stabilization agent at 0.1-50 wt% of solid concentration is used to produce the agent. It is suitable for neutralizing acidic gas and capturing heavy metals in fly ashes in the flue gas.
Alternative flue gas conditioning for Improved ESP performance on fly ash from low-sulfur coal
99101570
Durham, M. D. et al. PWR (Am. Sm. Mech. Eng.), 1997, 32, (2). 647-654. A proprietary flue gas conditioning agent has been commercialized by ADA Environmental Solutions to provide utilities and industries with a costeffective means to comply with environmental regulations on particulate emissions and opacity. This system decreases particle resistivity which improves the performance of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) with resistivity-related performance problems. A related development is that reducing SO* and NO, emissions from utility boilers as required by the Clean Air Act Amendments can substantially increase particulate emissions from existing ESP. In addition, several utilities have installed low-NO, burners which caused increased particulate emissions following combustion modification. Laboratory, pilot and full scale test programme results demonstrating the capability of this new technology are presented. Tests were conducted on hot- and cold-side ESP burning a variety of low-sulfur coals. Data showed reduced particle resistivity, increased ESP power and decreased opacity for different applications.
Anion scavengers for low-level radioactive waste 99101571 repository backfills Balsley, S. D. et al. J. Soil Confam., 1998, 7, (2), 125-141. Critical to the success of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) storage facilities would be the minimization of “‘I- and 99Tc04- transport to the biosphere. The authors experimental identify and classify potential sorbent materials for inclusion in LLRW backfills. For low-pH conditions (pH 4-5), copper sulfides and possibly imogolite-rich soils provide K,J’s (distribution coefficients) of roughly 10. ml/g for I- and 10’ ml/g for Tc04-. At near neutral pH, hydrotalcites, copper oxides, copper sulfides and lignite coal possess b’s on the order of 10’ ml/g for both I- and Tc04-. At high pH (pH > lo), such as might occur in a cementitious LLRW facility, calculated to be roughly lo* ml/g for both I- and Tc04- are calcium mono-sulfate aluminate G’s,
Apparatus for recovering slag from wastes and slag producing meitiod
99101572
Maruyama, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 202,225 [98 202,225] (Cl. B09B3/00), 4 Aug 1998, Appl. 97/20,885, 21 Jan 1997, 7 pp. (In Japanese) A slag recovering apparatus comprises a fluidized bed type gasification furnace and a melting furnace is presented. The gasification furnace gasifies wastes and the melting furnace is used to gasify and burn the discharged gaseous substances and char at higher temperature whilst converting incombustible or non-gasified substances into slag. A curing apparatus is connected with the melting furnace. There is also a heating mechanism to keeping the molten slag from the melting furnace warm and a mechanism separating the slag and metals. The slag is produced by introducing the molten slag from the melting furnace into the curing process, ageing the molten slag and discharging it. The curing apparatus prevents elution of harmful substances such as heavy metals, especially lead. 99101573
99/01575
Biodegradation of coal tar constituents in aquifer
sediments Bouwer, E. J. et al. Soil Aquifer Pollut., ]Int. Workshop], 1996, 173-190. Edited by Rubin, H. et al., Springer, Berlin, Germany. Addressed is the importance of mass transfer effects and chemical conditions to in-situ bioremediation, as they apply to a coal tar-polluted site presented as a case study. The site, formerly used as a manufactured gas plant, is polluted with mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. As part of an on-going bioremediation feasibility study, experiments assessed the ability of sediment bacteria to mineralize “C-labelled forms of primary coal tar constituents under intrinsic and enhanced conditions. Modelling and experimental studies were combined to determine the effect of mass transfer rate on biodegradation performance. Substantial biodegradation was observed in the absence of nutrient amendments and was stimulated by adding oxygen, NH.++ and Pod’supplements. Experimental results suggested that enhanced aerobic bioremediation effectively reduced the pollutant mass at the manufactured gas plant site. Empirical data and numerical simulations suggested that the bioremediation rate, intrinsic or enhanced, was limited by pollutant sorption to aquifer sediment; consequently, in the biodegradation rate, the mass transfer rate is an important control.
Biological monitoring of environmental beryllium 99107 576 Bylinska, E. and Sarosiek, J. Air Poll&. V, Inc. Conf. Air Pollut., 5th, 1997, 829-835. Edited by Power, H. et al., Computational Mechanics Publications, Southampton, UK. The environmental health criteria for beryllium was introduced by the International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS) in 1990. Today, general human population exposure is mainly confined to low levels of airborne beryllium from the combustion of fossil fuels. Where coal of very high beryllium content is burned, health problems may arise. In industrial urban agglomerations of Poland such as Wroclaw, technical monitoring of beryllium should be complemented with biological monitoring. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, concentrations of beryllium were determined in leaves from trees and in dust deposited on leaves collected from sampling sites with different degrees of air pollution. Czaja Mnium test revealed that the dust deposited at all sampling sites was toxic to experimental plants. Moreover, leaves showed disturbances in cationic equilibrium. The beryllium concentration in leaves is a good bioindicator of air pollution, with this element produced mostly by emission of dust from power stations. Concentration of beryllium in leaves is correlated with the concentration of sulfur and to a high degree reflects also concentration of SO* in air. This suggests a possibility to use the level of beryllium in tree leaves to evaluate pollution by this metal on a local scale, its spatial distribution in big cities and to detect the extent of dust emissions from main sources such as large power plants. 99107 577 Biological nitrogen removal from coke plant wastewater with external carbon addition Lee, M. W. and Park, J. M. Water Environ. Res., 1998, 70, (5), 1090-1095. The treatment of coke plant wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia and toxic compounds such as phenol and cyanide involved a biological nitrogen removal (BNR) system. The system was made up of carbon removal, nitrification and denitrification stages The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of complete ammonia removal from the coke plant wastewater using a sequential BNR process with external carbon addition. The external carbon source used in the denitrification stage after oxidation of phenol was sodium acetate and other carbonaceous compounds were used in the carbon-removal stage. The efficiency of denitrification was strongly affected by the loading rate of the external carbon source. The overall removal efficiency of major soluble pollutants in the wastewater was greater than 95% in the BNR system. The nitrification was markedly inhibited when a step input of phenol was introduced to check the stability of the overall system, because of the incomplete degradation of phenol in the carbon-removal stage. However, normal efficiency was regained in the nitrification stage within 18 days.
Application of micronized coal reburning for NO,
control Folsom, B. A. et al. EC (Am. Sot. Mechanical Eng.), 1997, 5, (l), 633-638. In order to meet RACT emissions this paper presents the application of micronized coal reburning to a cyclone-fired boiler requirements in New York State. Discussed in the paper are reburning technology and the application of the technology to an Eastman Kodak unit. Without adverse impact to the boiler the programme is designed to demonstrate the economical reduction of NO, emissions.
Autogenous smelting of nonferrous ores and concentrates using molten slag bath for coal gaslflcatlon In control of sulfur emls&ion
99101574
Mechev, V. U. er al. Russ. RU 2.093.593 (Cl. C22B7/04), 20 Ott 1997, Appl. 95,106,566, 25 Apr 1995. (In Rus&an).‘From Izobret&iya 1997, (29), 313. Title only translated.
156 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
March 7999
99101576 A case study: development of environmental protection measures for coke ovens Hodges, D. ENCOSTEEL: Steel Sustainable Dev., Conf. Pap., 1997, 233240. To manufacture iron in blast furnaces coke remains an essential ingredient. Applied have been new solutions to pollution problems of coke ovens with increased environmental requirements. A case study of the development of environmental protection measures for coke ovens at the Port Kembla Steelworks, Australia, is presented. As well as alternative methods of environmental improvement, the topics discussed include: legislation; air quality improvements; water quality improvements; other environmental considerations; workplace and community monitoring (workplace air, community ambient air, waterways).