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BF3
01
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01
99101752 Coking and non-coking compositions in coals Qin, 2. et al. Meiran Zhuanhua, 1998, 21, (3), 47-50. (In Chinese) Carbon disulfide-N-2-pyrrolidinone (CSr-NMP) mixed solvent was used to extract five coals of different coal ranks. An examination was made of the relationship between their solubilities and coking properties. The results show that their solubilities are closely related to their coking properties. Therefore a concept of ‘coking composition’ and ‘non-coking composition’ is put forward, i.e. the extract from the coals with CSz-NMP acts as coking composition but the residue acts as non-coking composition.
SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning,
Properties
Acid catalyzed depolymerization of coal under mild 99l91745 conditions with superacid HFIBFB Shimizu. K. et al. Preor. Svmo. Am. Chem. Sot.. Div. Fuel Chem.. 1998. 43, (3), 6991702. - ’ ’ The solubilization of coals of various rank at 50-150°C and catalysed by superacid HF/BFs catalyst is studied in terms of coal chemical structure and oxygen-containing functional groups.
99101746 application
Adsorption
characteristics
of coal
and
its
Xu. L. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (2), 25-31. (In Chinese) This review, on the adsorption characteristics of coal ‘and its application, includes the adsorption characteristics of coal to methane and electron acceptor materials, the variance in structure and property of coal adsorbed material and the application of coal adsorption properties.
Adsorption characteristics of iodine and bromine on Baijiao anthracite coal
99101747
Xu, L. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (2) 190-192. (In Chinese) A systematic study has been carried out on the adsorption characteristics of Baijiao anthracite coal to iodine and bromine. Adsorption of iodine on coal conforms to Freundlich experimental equation or Langmuir model. Pore structure of coal adsorbed iodine in aqueous solution becomes blurred. The results obtained by experimental desorption, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy analysis show that the adsorption of iodine and bromine on coal is mainly a physical process.
99/01748
Apparatus for removing dioxins by active cokes
Mitarai, S. Kagaku Sochi, 1998, 40, (7), 34-37. (In Japanese) This paper presents a review on the characteristics of activated cokes and the structure and working efficiency of dioxin removing apparatus using the cokes.
Atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed 99101749 reduction study of high-sulfur coals reduced in a potassium/ liquid ammonia system
Kozlowski, M. et al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (6), 1142-1147. An atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed reduction study (APTPR) was performed on two high-sulfur coals. The studies were performed on both raw and potassium/liquid ammonia reduced samples. The potassium/liquid ammonia reduction of the coals induced conversion of sulfide and disulfide groups into thiol groups. Evidence for the presence of different types of thiols was provided by the AP-TPR studies performed with the reducing mixture. The possibility of cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bonds in thiophenes was indicated. The AP-TPR method showed a favourable effect of the reducing mixture on sulfur recovery. Additionally, the calcium compounds occurring in coal were found to be responsible for significant deformation of the kinetograms obtained. A supposition of sulfur being mainly bonded with the macromolecular part of coal was derived from the determination of the effect of extraction with dichloromethane on sulfur compounds in coal.
Coal as covalently and non-covalently cross-linked 99101750 macromolecular solid
Haynshi, J. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1583-1585. (In Japanese) There are two parts to this study. The first part is an evaluation of the network-based structure influence on depolymerization characteristics. The second part analyses the contribution of H-bonds of crosslinked structure for the elucidation of thermal decomposition reaction of coals.
Coal deposits in-retrogradational sequences of the 99iQl751 parallc Westphalian Jerada Basin (Morocco)
Essamoud, R. and Courel, L. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. Ilcr: Sci. Terre Planetes, 1998, 326, (12), 885-892. (In French) Analysis of detailed sedimentological data has provided information to define several orders of stacked genetic sequences in the Westphalian area of the Jerada Basin. Eight coal seams were formed in this paralic basin as distal facies passed laterally into proximal facies in retrogradational stages. Related to these stages are base level rises that curtailed detrital influx and induced the development of swamps and the preservation of organic matter below anoxic water levels. The base level variations can be attributed to active faulting along the basin margins and to sea level changes in the Paleo-Tethys.
194 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1999
99lOl753 Combustion-engineering ported coal by a coding system
characterization
of im-
Zelkowski, J. et al. VGB Krafrwerhstech., 1998, 78, (lo), 141-145. (In German) The determination of the combustion properties of coals was possible by conventional and newly developed specific laboratory methods. The results could be used to give each different coal a specific code. By the use of this coding, it was possible to assess the danger which could arise if imported coals which deviated from the boundary coal were used. The codes for some German and imported coals are given and it was shown that the described assessment of coals could lead to the utilization of foreign coal which were not previously fired.
99iQl754 Comprehensive ecological and geochemical investigation of coals Rikhvanov, L. P. et al. Ugol, 1998, (2), 54-57. (In Russian) This reviews the distribution of rare earth metals in coal deposits.
99lOl755 of coal
Computer simulation of high dimensional structure
Takanohashi, T. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1589-1591. (In Japanese) A three dimensional computer simulation of a coal-solvent interaction is proposed. It shows the minimum energy structure of pyridine-soluble components found in coals.
99101756 The correspondence between loss of ‘H-NM signal intensity and mesophase growth during the thermal maturation of a petroleum pitch Parks, T. J. Carbon, 1998, 36, (12). 1729-1737. High temperature ‘H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was used to simultaneously monitor the hydrocarbon evolution and mesophase growth of samples of petroleum pitch (Ashland 240) as they were heated isothermally at 380, 400, 430 and 450°C. For all four temperatures the NMR signal indicated no mesophase formation until the signal intensity had dropped by 30%, which corresponded to 20% weight loss from the pitch. The correlation between the onset and increase in mesophase formation with signal intensity loss was found to be independent of temperature. This temperature independence for the petroleum pitch is in agreement with previous work by Honda et al. in 1970. Given the correlation between signal loss and mesophase formation, it is suggested that a relative measure of NMR signal intensity could be used to estimate mesophase content of petroleum pitch, during maturation.
99101757 Draglines, ball mills, commodity sampling and other industrial applications: modeling using object oriented discrete element methods Cleary, P. World Congr. Part. Technol. 3, [computer optical disk], 1998, 835-846. A sophisticated discrete element method was used to model four important industrial particle flow applications. Firstly, ball mill flow patterns were examined for several rotation rates and predictions of torque, power draw and liner wear are made from the findings. Secondly, the filling of dragline buckets in open cut coal mining was simulated to give fill times and bucket wear. Thirdly, sample bias produced by cutter sampling of material falling from a conveyor belt is analysed. Finally, segregation induced by idlers on a conveyor belt is discussed. Quantitative predictors are made for each application as a prelude to validation and the use of the code for design and optimization.
99101759 Effect of acid demineralization on the structure of organic matter of coals and inertinites and semicokes obtained from them Matuszewska, A. Karbo-&ergo&em.-Ekol., 1998, 43, (7), 226-231. (In Polish) Samples of coals, semi-cokes and inertinite concentrates were demineralized using HCI and HF. The samples were analysed before and after the demineralization by elementary analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. This process of ash removal by acids resulted in a profitable reduction of mineral substances in the examined samples as well as changes in their organic matter contents.
Solid fuels (sources, winning, properties)
01
99101752 Coking and non-coking compositions in coals Qin, 2. et al. Meiran Zhuanhua, 1998, 21, (3), 47-50. (In Chinese) Carbon disulfide-N-2-pyrrolidinone (CSr-NMP) mixed solvent was used to extract five coals of different coal ranks. An examination was made of the relationship between their solubilities and coking properties. The results show that their solubilities are closely related to their coking properties. Therefore a concept of ‘coking composition’ and ‘non-coking composition’ is put forward, i.e. the extract from the coals with CSz-NMP acts as coking composition but the residue acts as non-coking composition.
SOLID FUELS Sources, Winning,
Properties
Acid catalyzed depolymerization of coal under mild 99l91745 conditions with superacid HFIBFB Shimizu. K. et al. Preor. Svmo. Am. Chem. Sot.. Div. Fuel Chem.. 1998. 43, (3), 6991702. - ’ ’ The solubilization of coals of various rank at 50-150°C and catalysed by superacid HF/BFs catalyst is studied in terms of coal chemical structure and oxygen-containing functional groups.
99101746 application
Adsorption
characteristics
of coal
and
its
Xu. L. et al. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1997, 20, (2), 25-31. (In Chinese) This review, on the adsorption characteristics of coal ‘and its application, includes the adsorption characteristics of coal to methane and electron acceptor materials, the variance in structure and property of coal adsorbed material and the application of coal adsorption properties.
Adsorption characteristics of iodine and bromine on Baijiao anthracite coal
99101747
Xu, L. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (2) 190-192. (In Chinese) A systematic study has been carried out on the adsorption characteristics of Baijiao anthracite coal to iodine and bromine. Adsorption of iodine on coal conforms to Freundlich experimental equation or Langmuir model. Pore structure of coal adsorbed iodine in aqueous solution becomes blurred. The results obtained by experimental desorption, X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy analysis show that the adsorption of iodine and bromine on coal is mainly a physical process.
99/01748
Apparatus for removing dioxins by active cokes
Mitarai, S. Kagaku Sochi, 1998, 40, (7), 34-37. (In Japanese) This paper presents a review on the characteristics of activated cokes and the structure and working efficiency of dioxin removing apparatus using the cokes.
Atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed 99101749 reduction study of high-sulfur coals reduced in a potassium/ liquid ammonia system
Kozlowski, M. et al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (6), 1142-1147. An atmospheric-pressure temperature-programmed reduction study (APTPR) was performed on two high-sulfur coals. The studies were performed on both raw and potassium/liquid ammonia reduced samples. The potassium/liquid ammonia reduction of the coals induced conversion of sulfide and disulfide groups into thiol groups. Evidence for the presence of different types of thiols was provided by the AP-TPR studies performed with the reducing mixture. The possibility of cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bonds in thiophenes was indicated. The AP-TPR method showed a favourable effect of the reducing mixture on sulfur recovery. Additionally, the calcium compounds occurring in coal were found to be responsible for significant deformation of the kinetograms obtained. A supposition of sulfur being mainly bonded with the macromolecular part of coal was derived from the determination of the effect of extraction with dichloromethane on sulfur compounds in coal.
Coal as covalently and non-covalently cross-linked 99101750 macromolecular solid
Haynshi, J. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1583-1585. (In Japanese) There are two parts to this study. The first part is an evaluation of the network-based structure influence on depolymerization characteristics. The second part analyses the contribution of H-bonds of crosslinked structure for the elucidation of thermal decomposition reaction of coals.
Coal deposits in-retrogradational sequences of the 99iQl751 parallc Westphalian Jerada Basin (Morocco)
Essamoud, R. and Courel, L. C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. Ilcr: Sci. Terre Planetes, 1998, 326, (12), 885-892. (In French) Analysis of detailed sedimentological data has provided information to define several orders of stacked genetic sequences in the Westphalian area of the Jerada Basin. Eight coal seams were formed in this paralic basin as distal facies passed laterally into proximal facies in retrogradational stages. Related to these stages are base level rises that curtailed detrital influx and induced the development of swamps and the preservation of organic matter below anoxic water levels. The base level variations can be attributed to active faulting along the basin margins and to sea level changes in the Paleo-Tethys.
194 Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1999
99lOl753 Combustion-engineering ported coal by a coding system
characterization
of im-
Zelkowski, J. et al. VGB Krafrwerhstech., 1998, 78, (lo), 141-145. (In German) The determination of the combustion properties of coals was possible by conventional and newly developed specific laboratory methods. The results could be used to give each different coal a specific code. By the use of this coding, it was possible to assess the danger which could arise if imported coals which deviated from the boundary coal were used. The codes for some German and imported coals are given and it was shown that the described assessment of coals could lead to the utilization of foreign coal which were not previously fired.
99iQl754 Comprehensive ecological and geochemical investigation of coals Rikhvanov, L. P. et al. Ugol, 1998, (2), 54-57. (In Russian) This reviews the distribution of rare earth metals in coal deposits.
99lOl755 of coal
Computer simulation of high dimensional structure
Takanohashi, T. Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1998, 51, (lo), 1589-1591. (In Japanese) A three dimensional computer simulation of a coal-solvent interaction is proposed. It shows the minimum energy structure of pyridine-soluble components found in coals.
99101756 The correspondence between loss of ‘H-NM signal intensity and mesophase growth during the thermal maturation of a petroleum pitch Parks, T. J. Carbon, 1998, 36, (12). 1729-1737. High temperature ‘H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis was used to simultaneously monitor the hydrocarbon evolution and mesophase growth of samples of petroleum pitch (Ashland 240) as they were heated isothermally at 380, 400, 430 and 450°C. For all four temperatures the NMR signal indicated no mesophase formation until the signal intensity had dropped by 30%, which corresponded to 20% weight loss from the pitch. The correlation between the onset and increase in mesophase formation with signal intensity loss was found to be independent of temperature. This temperature independence for the petroleum pitch is in agreement with previous work by Honda et al. in 1970. Given the correlation between signal loss and mesophase formation, it is suggested that a relative measure of NMR signal intensity could be used to estimate mesophase content of petroleum pitch, during maturation.
99101757 Draglines, ball mills, commodity sampling and other industrial applications: modeling using object oriented discrete element methods Cleary, P. World Congr. Part. Technol. 3, [computer optical disk], 1998, 835-846. A sophisticated discrete element method was used to model four important industrial particle flow applications. Firstly, ball mill flow patterns were examined for several rotation rates and predictions of torque, power draw and liner wear are made from the findings. Secondly, the filling of dragline buckets in open cut coal mining was simulated to give fill times and bucket wear. Thirdly, sample bias produced by cutter sampling of material falling from a conveyor belt is analysed. Finally, segregation induced by idlers on a conveyor belt is discussed. Quantitative predictors are made for each application as a prelude to validation and the use of the code for design and optimization.
99101759 Effect of acid demineralization on the structure of organic matter of coals and inertinites and semicokes obtained from them Matuszewska, A. Karbo-&ergo&em.-Ekol., 1998, 43, (7), 226-231. (In Polish) Samples of coals, semi-cokes and inertinite concentrates were demineralized using HCI and HF. The samples were analysed before and after the demineralization by elementary analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. This process of ash removal by acids resulted in a profitable reduction of mineral substances in the examined samples as well as changes in their organic matter contents.