M2O3 catalyst

02

Liquidfuels (derived liquid fuels)

Transport,

Refining,

Quality,

Storage

Applications of catalytic inorganic membrane re99101863 actors to refinery products Armor, J. N. J. Membr. Sci., 1998, 147, (2), 217-233. This paper presents a review of the uses of catalytic membrane reactors in petroleum refineries, with emphasis on Hz permselectivity and separation in industrial processes. Hz production can be enhanced by using palladiumbased membranes for dehydrogenation, oxydehydrogenation and decomposition reactions. Permselective Hz membranes could be used for carrying out selective hydrogenations of organic substrates and coupled reactions. These membranes can also be used to enhance steam reforming reactions for the production of bulk Hz, the water gas shift reaction and the conversion of natural gas to synthesis gas and liquid fuels. Dense oxide membranes are also being developed for the selective oxidation of CHI to synthesis gas. The formation of carbon during steam reforming or dehydrogenation will complicate any successful commercial application of palladium membranes. In any of these applications it is important to understand production problems associated with metal membranes, the refinery demands for high-purity Hz and reactor fabrication problems. For all these applications, a discussion is made on the critical issues that need to be resolved for the commercial use of catalytic membrane reactors. Catalytic cracking reactions of tar components 99101864 over circulating ash of CFBB Lu, J. and Yue, G. Qinghua Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1998,38, (7), 66-69. (In Chinese) The Tsinghua University has suggested that decreasing the yield of tar is one of the keys for the partial coal gasification with the circulating fluidized bed technology. In this process, the circulating ash was the heat carrier from the combustor to the gasifier to pyrolyse the coal and the char was the fuel of the boiler. An experimental investigation of the catalytic cracking reactions of the two main components of tar (benzene and toluene) over circulating ash of CFBB in a fixed bed reactor was introduced. The kinetic parameters of the cracking reactions were measured and the catalytic mechanism was also discussed. The experimental results prove that the circulating ash has catalytic effects on the cracking reactions of tar as it caused the total yield of gas cracking products to increase. Dispersion stabilizers for carbonaceous powder 99lO1865 slurries Zenmyou, Y. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 237,471 [98 237,471] (Cl. ClOL1/32), 8 Sep 1998, Appl. 97137,845, 21 Feb 1997, 10 pp. (In Japanese) Dispersion stabilizers for the manufacture of long-term stable, highconcentration aqueous slurries of coal and oil coke powders for possible pipeline transport are described. The slurries contain; (a) formaldehyde condensates of polyoxyalkylene monoglycidyl ether, (b) monomers which are co-polymerizable with (a) and HCHO and (c) sulfonic group-forming compounds. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on properties of coal99101866 water slurry Li, Y. et al. Ranliao Huaxue Xuebao, 1998, 26, (2), 125-129. (In Chinese) An investigation took place into the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of coal-water slurry (CWS), such as slurry-ability, rheological behaviour and static stability, were investigated. Variation in the ultrasonic intensity ranged from 40 W/cm’ to 80 W/cm2 and treatment time from 2 to 10 min. Ultrasonic treatment markedly improved both the rheological behaviour and static stability of CWS, but it caused a slight increase in the apparent viscosity of CWS. The analysis of coal particle size distribution indicated that ultrasonic treatment resulted in a higher proportion of final coal which is beneficial as it improves the rheological behaviour and static stability of CWS. Multilayer composite membranes and their use in 99101867 partial oxidation of hydrocarbons Abeles, B. et al. PCT Int. Appl. WO 98 41,394 (Cl. B32B3/26), 24 Sep 1998, US Appl. 822,379, 20 Mar 1997, 21 pp. A description is given of a mixed ionic electronic conductor membrane, comprising a dense layer sandwiched between two porous layers. The dense membrane consists of a metallic oxide. The porous layers consist of an oxygen activation catalyst layer and a hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst layer. One porous layer, in contact with air, promotes the generation of oxygen ions. These oxygen ions diffuse through the dense layer to the second porous layer which is in contact with a hydrocarbon such as methane, resulting in the partial oxidation of the hydrocarbon. Role of petroleum products to meet Canada’s 99/oi a68 future transportation needs Palit, A. K. Prepr. Symp. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1998, 43, (3) 392-399. Both at present and in the foreseeable future, petroleum products will continue to play an important role in Canada’s transportation industry and in other sectors of the economy. In recent years, environmental, health and security of supply concerns have been raised about the role of petroleum products in the Canadian economy and so a review is given on these public

194

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

May 1999

concerns as well as actions taken by the petroleum industry. This paper discusses the currently announced major capital spending plans underway by the Canadian oil sands crude producers that will significantly increase the flow of Canadian ‘synthetic’ crude to the USA. An examination is made of properties of oil products produced from these synthetic crudes. In the future, market forces and quality requirements will determine how these synthetic crudes will be upgraded for their environmentally acceptable use as transportation fuels. 99101869 Supercritical-phase process for selective synthesis of heavier hydrocarbons from syngas over a Ru/MPOa catalyst Yan, S.-R. et al. J. Nat. Gas Chem., 1998, 7, (3), 229-235. Using a fixed-bed reactor Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Ru/A120X catalysts was carried out in a supercritical fluid medium. The effects of catalyst pore size, 1-tetradecene cofeeding and reaction temperature on the activity and product distribution were all investigated. 99iola70 Treatment of used vegetable oils Sumimoto, M. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 219,261 [98 219.2611 (Cl. ClOL1/08), 18 Aug 1998, Appl. 97142,959, 12 Feb 1997, 5 pp. (In Japanese) A treatment method for used vegetable oils from tempura cooking, etc. is presented. They are mixed with a predetermined portion of mineral fuel oils such as kerosene or light oils, centrifuged and passed through a filter cartridge to remove sludge. The filtrate is then settled to obtain a clean fuel useful for diesel engines. The use of hydrocracking process to produce high 99101a71 quality diesel oil from Brazilian’s high nitrogen feed-stocks Oddone, M. R. R. and Belato, D. A. S. Prepr. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Pet. Chem., 1998, 43, (4), 514-515. Using the results from two-step pilot plant testing, it is concluded that it is worthwhile to produce high quality products, using a hydrocracking process with vacuum gas oils or unstable blends of gas oils from Brazilian Crude as feedstocks, in spite of the high investment cost of the hydrocracking system.

Economics,

Business,

Marketing,

Policy

Change of the role of fuel oils as an effect of air 99io1872 quality regulations Aipad, D. and Steingaszner, P. Banyasz. Kohasz. Lapok, Kooiaj Foldgaz, 1998, 31, (l-3), l-7. (In Hungarian) The consumption of fuel oils containing sulfur and metals in high concentrations is undergoing a world-wide decrease according to statistics. The decrease demand is caused mainly by the high investment costs needed to build flue gas cleaning equipment necessary to clean flue gases from the combustion of HSFOs to meet emission regulations. As a consequence, fuel oil prices are weak and development work all over the world is in progress to find technologies to transform these cheap fuels into more valuable products, such as motor fuels, hydrogen, synthesis gas and power. The paper gives a survey on emission regulations abroad, the effect of these on international fuel markets and how oil companies met the challenge, followed by a description of the situation in Hungary. An account on modern technologies for transforming high sulfur fuel oils follows, including new combustion technologies, gasification, hydrogenation and coking. The report comes to the conclusion that in Hungary, delayed coking would be the most economical way to transform high sulfur fuel oils into some more valuable fields.

Derived

Liquid Fuels

99101 a73 Analysis of black substances, today and tomorrow. The value of gas chromatography in analysis of coal Satou, M. Nippon Enerugi Gakkaishi, 1998.77, (9), 909-915. (In Japanese) Gas chromatography can be used to analyse properties of heavy oils, such as liquefied coals. Boiling point, vapour pressure, evaporation, latent heat and distillation characteristics of heavy oils are discussed. 99101 a74 ANOVA analysis of two-stage coprocessing of lowdenslty polyethylene, coal, and petroleum residue Joo, H. K. et al. Energy Fuels, 1998, 12, (4), 704-714. By using two fractional factorial designs and analyses of variance (ANOVA), the sequencing of reactants and reaction parameters in the two-stage coprocessing of coal with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and petroleum residue was investigated. The experiments were designed to determine the sequence of reactants and the reaction conditions that were required to achieve the highest level of conversion of the solid reactants and to achieve a desirable product slate in terms of product solubility and boiling point distribution. The reaction system that yielded the highest amount of hexane solubles regardless of the reaction temperature sequence