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02421 Characteristics of Chinese heavy crudes
02
99lO2411
Manufacture method and apparatus of coke for sintered ore preparation
Ishii, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 265,782 [98 265.7821, (Cl. ClOB57/00), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/73,632, 26 Mar 1997,4 pp. (In Japanese) A method to produce coke of optimal particle size distribution for the manufacture of sintered ores used in blast furnaces is described. It comprises crushing coke in stages by a pair of roll crushers, the pair of rolls vertically arranged with the upper roll having an interval between rolls which is greater than that of the lower roll. For each roll, overcrushing can be avoided.
Liquid fuels (sources, properties,
recovery)
complete range of burnout. A possible explanation for this linear decrease could be a growing fraction of non-combustible material in the char particle during burnout.
02
Manufacture method of coal briquets containing ironmaking dust
LIQUID
FUELS
99102412
Kato, K. and Komaki, I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 265,788 [98 265,788], (Cl. ClOL5/04), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/88,780, 24 Mar 1997, 4 pp. (In Japanese) A method for the manufacture of coal briquettes by mixing powdered coal (70-100 wt% of ~3 mm particle size) with l-10 wt% ironmaking dust is described. The dust was selected from one or more of blast-furnace dust, steelmaking dust and sintered dust. After the coal and dust has been mixed a binder is added and the mixture is heated and molded.
Manufacture of coke 99102413 Konda, T. and Kunimasa, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 279,951 [98 279,951], (Cl. ClOB57/04), 20 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/90,425, 9 Apr 1997, 5 pp. (In Japanese) A method for manufacture of coke is presented. Raw pulverized coal with a ~6% moisture content is feed into a coke oven. However, before it is fed into the coke oven the coal is classified into either fine coal or coarse coal. The coarse coal is heated by inert gas or steam. The fine coal is mixed with a binder to make lump coal which is then mixed with the heated coarse coal. Finally, the mixed coal together with steam is ready to be fed into the coke oven. Measuring coke properties in tuyere level and permeability of dead man by means of tuyere probes
99102414
Bachhofen, H.-J. ef al. Comm. Eur. Communifies, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 18360) 179-200. Tuyere probes were used to assess blast furnace coke properties and performance. The following conclusions could be drawn from the results: Although the mean grain size of high stabilized coke is smaller than the grain size of lower stabilized coke, the first coke causes a lower coke degradation by transit through the furnace compared with the latter coke. Additionally it was found that disintegration in the furnace centre is more than at the furnace wall. Also, feed coke with high CSR strength causes an expansion of the raceway zone to the furnace centre and leads to more homogenized furnace performance. Finally, the amount of coke fines in the tuyere level, especially in the transition zone, are decreased by low reactivity CR1 and high CSR strength of feed coke.
Multiunit modular plant for manufacture of fuel briquets from coal and solid wastes 99102415
Schulz, E. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,715,135, (Cl. ClOL5/06), 15 Ott 1998, Appl. 19.715.135, 13 Apr 1997, 4 pp. (In German) A multiunit modular plant for the manufacture of fuel briquettes is described. It is designed for bituminous or brown coal as well as for other briquettable solids and wastes such as agricultural waste and municipal waste. The nine possible modular units range from feedstock introduction through drying, separation, sieving, feed preparation, pressing, cooling and dust removal.
Permeability measurements of semi-technical coke oven charges
99102416
Nojima, Y. et al. Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 17436) l-101. (In German) A discussion of the relationship between the internal pressure of a coal charge in a coke oven and the coking pressure, in terms of the crack structure of the coal charge. The internal pressure of the coal is not constant, it increases with the distance from cracks and in the coke oven it decreases with increasing distance from the coke oven wall, then increases until it reaches a maximum in the middle of the coke oven. The locations of the zone of plastic deformation and the crack structure influence the porosity and thus permeability distribution of the coke.
Prediction and validation of burnout curves for 99102417 Giittelborn char using reaction kinetics determined in shock tube experiments
Moors, J. H. J. et al. Fuel, 78, (l), 25-29. Using a shock tube facility the combustion characteristics of pulverized char (cl0 IAm) were measured. A prediction was made for the burnout behaviour of a commercial sized char particle (75-90 pm) in different ambient conditions using a ‘pseudo kinetic’ approach. In this approach the kinetic rate of a surface containing micro pores is determined and these ‘pseudo kinetics’ are then applied to the larger particle not taking into account the micro pores. Comparison of the predictions with measurements done with an isothermal plug flow reactor showed this approach to be valid within experimental error for low burnout. A linear decrease of the kinetic reaction rate with burnout is shown to predict the burnout behaviour in the
Sources, Properties,
Recovery
Advances in hydrocarbon generatjon theory. I. zeneneition and evolution model for Immature 011s and hydro-
99102416
Huang, D. J. of Pet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3). 121-130. The wide existence of immature oils throughout the world, especially in China, broke through the hydrocarbon generation theory of kerogen thermal degradation. Studies have shown that soluble and insoluble organic matter are organically connected in the sedimentary rock, both contributing to hydrocarbon generation. In the diagenesis, kerogen cannot produce oils, so immature oils derive directly from the degradation of the soluble lipids. Hydrocarbon generation process by kerogen thermal degradation takes place mainly in the early catagenesis (R, = 0.5-1.2%). and the oils generated are normal. In the late catagenesis, hydrocarbon generation comes into wet gas stage (R, = 1.2-2.0%), with pyrobitumen and oils cracking into high mature light oils and wet gases, respectively. In this paper, the author presented a novel general model of hydrocarbon generation and evolution with soluble and insoluble organic matter both contributing to hydrocarbon generation.
Apparatus for lowering solidifying point of oily products obtained by thermal decomposition of waste plastics
99102419
Kobayashi, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 273,677 [98 273.6771. (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 13 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/79,573, 31 Mar 1997, 3 pp. (In Japanese) Oily products are obtained by thermal decomposition of waste plastics and condensing the gaseous decomposition products. The apparatus consists of a tank for adding a solidifying point-lowering agent, often polyalkyl (meth)acryalte, to these products. By lowering the solidifying point of the thermal depolymerization oily products, their handling properties, i.e. for transportation, storage and usage, are improved.
Application of the three-stage shrinking core model in the transport of reactive gas in the porous media
99lO2420
Chang, Y.-I. and Kuo, J.-A. J. of Pet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3) 3-15. A model describing the three-stage non-catalytic gas-solid reactions is presented in this paper. With the equations describing the relationship between the fractional conversion of solid reactant and the reaction time scale, two general features are obtained for this three-stage model. The theoretical prediction of the transport of gaseous reactant through the porous media of a fixed bed column using this three-stage model is also presented in this paper. 99102421 Characteristics of Chinese heavy crudes Wu, W. and Chen, J. J. ofPet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3) 25-30. Some special characters of Chinese heavy crudes and their influence on refining process and products were discussed. There are abundant reserves of heavy crudes in the world which are about 1.3 times those of light crudes. The production of heavy crudes in China is increasing from year to year. The Chinese refinery has been facing problems caused by a variety of heavy feedstocks.
Characterization and selectivity of RulMoOB catalysts for formatlon of oxygenates from CO + HP. Influence of temperature of reduction
99102422
Dufour, M. et al. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 545-550. Ru/MoOj catalysts containing 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% ruthenium were prepared using two kinds of Moos, and their reduction by hydrogen was analysed using XRD and TGA. Ruthenium catalyses the reduction of the Moos, forming a hydrogen molybdenum bronze first, completing the reduction to molybdenum metal at 773 K. When catalysts are reduced at 623 K or above they yield N 25-30% of Ci-Cs alcohols from syngas. The proportion of Cz or Cs alcohols decreases with reduction temperature, forming only methanol at 723 K. Alcohol synthesis is promoted by reduced MOO, species, either through an SMSI effect or through a dual-site mechanism. 99102423 The chemical and physical structure of petroleum: effects on recovery operations
Speight, J. G. .I. ofPet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3). 3-15. In a mixture as complex as petroleum, recovery chemistry can only be generalized because of the intricate and complex nature of the molecular species that make up the crude oil. It is this complexity that leads not only
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July
1999
255
99lO2411
Manufacture method and apparatus of coke for sintered ore preparation
Ishii, H. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 265,782 [98 265.7821, (Cl. ClOB57/00), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/73,632, 26 Mar 1997,4 pp. (In Japanese) A method to produce coke of optimal particle size distribution for the manufacture of sintered ores used in blast furnaces is described. It comprises crushing coke in stages by a pair of roll crushers, the pair of rolls vertically arranged with the upper roll having an interval between rolls which is greater than that of the lower roll. For each roll, overcrushing can be avoided.
Liquid fuels (sources, properties,
recovery)
complete range of burnout. A possible explanation for this linear decrease could be a growing fraction of non-combustible material in the char particle during burnout.
02
Manufacture method of coal briquets containing ironmaking dust
LIQUID
FUELS
99102412
Kato, K. and Komaki, I. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 265,788 [98 265,788], (Cl. ClOL5/04), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/88,780, 24 Mar 1997, 4 pp. (In Japanese) A method for the manufacture of coal briquettes by mixing powdered coal (70-100 wt% of ~3 mm particle size) with l-10 wt% ironmaking dust is described. The dust was selected from one or more of blast-furnace dust, steelmaking dust and sintered dust. After the coal and dust has been mixed a binder is added and the mixture is heated and molded.
Manufacture of coke 99102413 Konda, T. and Kunimasa, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 279,951 [98 279,951], (Cl. ClOB57/04), 20 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/90,425, 9 Apr 1997, 5 pp. (In Japanese) A method for manufacture of coke is presented. Raw pulverized coal with a ~6% moisture content is feed into a coke oven. However, before it is fed into the coke oven the coal is classified into either fine coal or coarse coal. The coarse coal is heated by inert gas or steam. The fine coal is mixed with a binder to make lump coal which is then mixed with the heated coarse coal. Finally, the mixed coal together with steam is ready to be fed into the coke oven. Measuring coke properties in tuyere level and permeability of dead man by means of tuyere probes
99102414
Bachhofen, H.-J. ef al. Comm. Eur. Communifies, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 18360) 179-200. Tuyere probes were used to assess blast furnace coke properties and performance. The following conclusions could be drawn from the results: Although the mean grain size of high stabilized coke is smaller than the grain size of lower stabilized coke, the first coke causes a lower coke degradation by transit through the furnace compared with the latter coke. Additionally it was found that disintegration in the furnace centre is more than at the furnace wall. Also, feed coke with high CSR strength causes an expansion of the raceway zone to the furnace centre and leads to more homogenized furnace performance. Finally, the amount of coke fines in the tuyere level, especially in the transition zone, are decreased by low reactivity CR1 and high CSR strength of feed coke.
Multiunit modular plant for manufacture of fuel briquets from coal and solid wastes 99102415
Schulz, E. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,715,135, (Cl. ClOL5/06), 15 Ott 1998, Appl. 19.715.135, 13 Apr 1997, 4 pp. (In German) A multiunit modular plant for the manufacture of fuel briquettes is described. It is designed for bituminous or brown coal as well as for other briquettable solids and wastes such as agricultural waste and municipal waste. The nine possible modular units range from feedstock introduction through drying, separation, sieving, feed preparation, pressing, cooling and dust removal.
Permeability measurements of semi-technical coke oven charges
99102416
Nojima, Y. et al. Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 17436) l-101. (In German) A discussion of the relationship between the internal pressure of a coal charge in a coke oven and the coking pressure, in terms of the crack structure of the coal charge. The internal pressure of the coal is not constant, it increases with the distance from cracks and in the coke oven it decreases with increasing distance from the coke oven wall, then increases until it reaches a maximum in the middle of the coke oven. The locations of the zone of plastic deformation and the crack structure influence the porosity and thus permeability distribution of the coke.
Prediction and validation of burnout curves for 99102417 Giittelborn char using reaction kinetics determined in shock tube experiments
Moors, J. H. J. et al. Fuel, 78, (l), 25-29. Using a shock tube facility the combustion characteristics of pulverized char (cl0 IAm) were measured. A prediction was made for the burnout behaviour of a commercial sized char particle (75-90 pm) in different ambient conditions using a ‘pseudo kinetic’ approach. In this approach the kinetic rate of a surface containing micro pores is determined and these ‘pseudo kinetics’ are then applied to the larger particle not taking into account the micro pores. Comparison of the predictions with measurements done with an isothermal plug flow reactor showed this approach to be valid within experimental error for low burnout. A linear decrease of the kinetic reaction rate with burnout is shown to predict the burnout behaviour in the
Sources, Properties,
Recovery
Advances in hydrocarbon generatjon theory. I. zeneneition and evolution model for Immature 011s and hydro-
99102416
Huang, D. J. of Pet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3). 121-130. The wide existence of immature oils throughout the world, especially in China, broke through the hydrocarbon generation theory of kerogen thermal degradation. Studies have shown that soluble and insoluble organic matter are organically connected in the sedimentary rock, both contributing to hydrocarbon generation. In the diagenesis, kerogen cannot produce oils, so immature oils derive directly from the degradation of the soluble lipids. Hydrocarbon generation process by kerogen thermal degradation takes place mainly in the early catagenesis (R, = 0.5-1.2%). and the oils generated are normal. In the late catagenesis, hydrocarbon generation comes into wet gas stage (R, = 1.2-2.0%), with pyrobitumen and oils cracking into high mature light oils and wet gases, respectively. In this paper, the author presented a novel general model of hydrocarbon generation and evolution with soluble and insoluble organic matter both contributing to hydrocarbon generation.
Apparatus for lowering solidifying point of oily products obtained by thermal decomposition of waste plastics
99102419
Kobayashi, M. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 273,677 [98 273.6771. (Cl. ClOGl/lO), 13 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/79,573, 31 Mar 1997, 3 pp. (In Japanese) Oily products are obtained by thermal decomposition of waste plastics and condensing the gaseous decomposition products. The apparatus consists of a tank for adding a solidifying point-lowering agent, often polyalkyl (meth)acryalte, to these products. By lowering the solidifying point of the thermal depolymerization oily products, their handling properties, i.e. for transportation, storage and usage, are improved.
Application of the three-stage shrinking core model in the transport of reactive gas in the porous media
99lO2420
Chang, Y.-I. and Kuo, J.-A. J. of Pet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3) 3-15. A model describing the three-stage non-catalytic gas-solid reactions is presented in this paper. With the equations describing the relationship between the fractional conversion of solid reactant and the reaction time scale, two general features are obtained for this three-stage model. The theoretical prediction of the transport of gaseous reactant through the porous media of a fixed bed column using this three-stage model is also presented in this paper. 99102421 Characteristics of Chinese heavy crudes Wu, W. and Chen, J. J. ofPet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3) 25-30. Some special characters of Chinese heavy crudes and their influence on refining process and products were discussed. There are abundant reserves of heavy crudes in the world which are about 1.3 times those of light crudes. The production of heavy crudes in China is increasing from year to year. The Chinese refinery has been facing problems caused by a variety of heavy feedstocks.
Characterization and selectivity of RulMoOB catalysts for formatlon of oxygenates from CO + HP. Influence of temperature of reduction
99102422
Dufour, M. et al. Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 545-550. Ru/MoOj catalysts containing 0.5, 1 and 2 wt% ruthenium were prepared using two kinds of Moos, and their reduction by hydrogen was analysed using XRD and TGA. Ruthenium catalyses the reduction of the Moos, forming a hydrogen molybdenum bronze first, completing the reduction to molybdenum metal at 773 K. When catalysts are reduced at 623 K or above they yield N 25-30% of Ci-Cs alcohols from syngas. The proportion of Cz or Cs alcohols decreases with reduction temperature, forming only methanol at 723 K. Alcohol synthesis is promoted by reduced MOO, species, either through an SMSI effect or through a dual-site mechanism. 99102423 The chemical and physical structure of petroleum: effects on recovery operations
Speight, J. G. .I. ofPet. Sci. & Eng., 1999, 22, (l-3). 3-15. In a mixture as complex as petroleum, recovery chemistry can only be generalized because of the intricate and complex nature of the molecular species that make up the crude oil. It is this complexity that leads not only
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July
1999
255