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02733 Mathematical model for temperature field of oxygen—coal lance in the reduction smelter
11
Process heating, power and incineration (energy applicetions in industry)
99102726 Computer control of fuming furnace processes Wang, H. Youse Jinshu, 1997, 49, (4). 49-51. (In Chinese) A study of the computer control of fuming furnace processes. Fuming furnace thermal properties and control characteristics for tin smelting processes are discussed including a control scheme with the flow rate of coal and air/coal ratio as inputs and the temperature as output. The design of this a two-input, one-output fuzzy controller system is proposed.
Control of sand quality to improve surface finish of castings produced by air-impact molding
99102727
Hu, Y. er al. Zhuzao, 1998, (7), 37-38. (In Chinese) Analysis of molding sand quality was used as the basis of a study measures for improving the surface finish of castings produced by impact molding. Increasing the amount of new sand and coal dust found to improve the surface finish of the castings as was decreasing amount of moisture in the molding sand.
into airwas the
Determination of theoretically minimum coke con99102726 sumption in blast furnace smelting Yusfin, Y. et al. MetaNurg. (Moscow), 1998, (4), 22-25. (In Russian) To determine the theoretical minimum coke consumption in blast furnace iron smelting a calcination method was developed. The required minimum coke consumption is 340-410 kg/ton iron without partial replacement of coke by natural or reducing gas and/or coal powder injection.
Development of industrial biocoal for industrial furnaces and kilns 99102729
Wang, F. Gongye liare, 1998, (I), 33-35, 43. (In Chinese) A review of the development of industrial biocoal for industrial furnaces and kilns. Topics discussed include firing features of the industrial biocoal and the GXM 600-45 model high pressure briquetting machine used in the production.
Development of methods for removal of carcinogenlc substances from coal-derived electrode binders
99102730
Slyshkina, T. V. and Sukhorukov, V. I. Koks Khim., 1998, (6), 26-32. (In Russian) In this process, heat treatment at 250°C with air containing 0s is used to remove the carcinogenic components of coal tar binders used in carbon electrode manufacture. The optimum air consumption and 0s concentration was found to be 25.5 I/kg coal tar and 5%, respectively. Not only did the treatment reduce the concentration of carcinogenic substances in the coal tar by 12-40 times, but the quality of the binders also improved.
The influence of pitch quality on anode carbon 99102731 gasification
Patrick, J. Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 17441) l-36. Calcined petroleum coke, straight from a refinery, and four coal-tar pitches were used to produce anode carbons on pilot scale. To obtain information on the gasification behaviour of anode carbons, three basic test procedures were developed. In the first, small test pieces, 15 mm in diameter by 10 mm in height, cut from the larger carbon cylinders, were exposed to air at 550°C for one hour and then the friability of the surface of the surviving lumps was assessed. Oxidized samples suitable for studying the depth of the gasification attack, were obtained from the second gasification procedure. These samples were larger (43 mm in diameter by 40 mm in height) and were oxidized in a tube furnace in air at 550°C or in carbon dioxide at 1000°C for one hour. In the third procedure, cylindrical samples 15 mm in diameter by 15 mm in height were suspended from one arm of a continuously reading electromagnetic balance into an electric heated, vertical reaction tube through which a flow of air could be maintained. Observations included: the oxidized specimens had a highly porous, friable outer layer surrounding a stronger central core and low activation energy for oxidation in air at >55o”C. This indicates that at high temperature the oxidation of anode carbons is controlled by diffusion of the reactant within the porous structure of the carbon. Access of the reactant to the centre of the carbon is restricted so that the reaction there is less extensive than in the outer layer. Thus the outer layers become susceptible to mechanical loss of particulate carbon. Increases in the sodium or quinoline insoluble content of the coal-tar pitch used to produce the carbon enhance rates of gasification and exacerbate the particulate loss, leading to dusting, which in turn contributes to excess anode consumption.
Manufacture of pi iron with injection of fuels 99102732 (pulverized coal) through blast-f urnace tuyeres Garcia, L. et al. Rev. Metal. (Madrid), 1998,34, (3), 281-296. (In Spanish) Ironmaking technology involving coal injection by tuyeres in the blast furnace is reviewed. The article contains data on the countries which presently use this technology.
Mathematical model for temperature field 99102733 oxygen-coal lance in the reduction smelter Guo, P. et al. Gangtie Yanjiu Xuebao, 1998, 10, (4), 5-8. (In Chinese)
of
The temperature distribution of the lance and its parameters are analysed, through establishing a two-dimensional model for the temperature field of the oxygen-coal lance in reduction smelter. Along the axial direction of the lance, travelling from front to back, the temperature gradient decreases
264
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1999
remarkably. And in the radial direction, the temperature decreases gradually from the outer layer to the inner layer. Increasing combustion temperature increases the temperature of the lance substantially whilst powder to gas ratio between the tubes has little effect on the temperature distribution of the lance. The influences of pulverized coal flow and oxygen flow on the temperature distribution of the lance are correlated with the oxygen to carbon effective ratio. 99102734 Method for manufacture of sintered iron ore One, K. and Kawakuchi, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 310, 828 [98 310, 8281, (Cl. C22Bl/20), 24 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/121, 898, 13 May 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese). In this method iron ore is fed into a pallet through a surge hopper and coke or coal is injected into the pallet through nozzles which are arranged along the height of the pallet. The temperature distribution of the sintered cake at the discharge end and/or the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the draft in the wind box determine the distribution of the sintering status along the pallet height. A UV camera is used for this. Powdered coke or coal injection is then adjusted according to the sintering status.
Method for using gases produced decomposition of solid fuel
99102735
by thermal
Ito, K. and Maesawa, A. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 296,048 [98 296,048], (Cl. BOlD53/56), 10 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/120,116, 24 Apr 1997, 3 pp. (In Japanese) A method for utilizing the gases produced by the thermal decomposition gasification of a solid fuel is presented. During the day the gases are used for electric power generation, whilst at night they can be used for NH4 production. Boiler flue gas from the power plant is mixed with NH4, the mixture is then radiated with an electron beam. The electric beam radiation removes NO, and SO, from the boiler flue gas. Additionally, a mixed fertilizer of (NH&SO4 and NH4-NOs is produced. The method is most applicable for combustible gases from coal gasification or petroleum residue gasification.
A new model for sintering in fluidized bed combustion processes
99102736
Seville, J. P. K. ef al. World Congr. Part. Technol. 3, [computer optical disk], 1998, 1005-1016. The problem of sintering in fluidized bed combustion is investigated. Previously, the ability of sintered aggregates to withstand the hydrodynamic forces imposed by the fluidized bed have been theoretically expressed In this paper, a new conceptual through force and energy balances. approach is proposed which is based on a comparison of the characteristic times for quiescent motion of particles in a bed and for the growth of sinter necks. A quantitative relationship between the gas velocity required to maintain fluidization and the temperature of the bed in terms of the surface viscosity of the particles in given by this theory. The theory has been tested using experimental results for the sintering behaviours of both model and real materials. The potential of the new approach is evaluated.
Operation of blast furnace using multiple powder fuels or liquid fuels
99102737
Oohara, S. and Sasaki, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 306,302 [98 306, 3021, (Cl. C21B5/00), 17 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/124,902,28 Apr 1997.5 pp. (In Japanese) Multiple powder fuels or liquid fuels are blown into a blast furnace through a tuyere. Pulverized coal is used as the powder fuel and the liquid fuel is either tar or heavy oil. It is proposed that the production cost of pig iron can be lowered by continuously using multiple fuel substitutes.
Prospects for complex wasteless slags processing at nonferrous metals facilities In Kazakhstan
99102739
Pavlov, A. V. Kompleksn. Ispol’z. Miner. Syr’ya, 1997, (2) 59-62. (In Russian) At a facility in Kazakhstan, non-ferrous metals (copper, lead, zinc and iron) were recovered from the slag by a coke filter heated in an electric furnace at 1700-1800°C. The recovery of the metals from the non-ferrous slag deposits not only increases the metal resources in Russia but also has positive environmental effects in the form of reduced pollution.
Recovery of valuable components from oil shales of Kysylkum region
99102739
Abdurakhmanov, A. et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Resp. Uzb., 1997, (5), 33-36. (In Russian) The chemical and phase compositions of combustible shales from the Kysylkum region (or Kazakhstan) are given in this article. Also, the possible recovery of their valuable components is explored. Organic and sulfurcontaining components were recovered by heat treatment at 250-450°C. Rare and precious metals were recovered from the heat treatment residue by hydrometallurgical methods. It is proposed that the hydrometallurgical residues can be used in cement manufacture.
Process heating, power and incineration (energy applicetions in industry)
99102726 Computer control of fuming furnace processes Wang, H. Youse Jinshu, 1997, 49, (4). 49-51. (In Chinese) A study of the computer control of fuming furnace processes. Fuming furnace thermal properties and control characteristics for tin smelting processes are discussed including a control scheme with the flow rate of coal and air/coal ratio as inputs and the temperature as output. The design of this a two-input, one-output fuzzy controller system is proposed.
Control of sand quality to improve surface finish of castings produced by air-impact molding
99102727
Hu, Y. er al. Zhuzao, 1998, (7), 37-38. (In Chinese) Analysis of molding sand quality was used as the basis of a study measures for improving the surface finish of castings produced by impact molding. Increasing the amount of new sand and coal dust found to improve the surface finish of the castings as was decreasing amount of moisture in the molding sand.
into airwas the
Determination of theoretically minimum coke con99102726 sumption in blast furnace smelting Yusfin, Y. et al. MetaNurg. (Moscow), 1998, (4), 22-25. (In Russian) To determine the theoretical minimum coke consumption in blast furnace iron smelting a calcination method was developed. The required minimum coke consumption is 340-410 kg/ton iron without partial replacement of coke by natural or reducing gas and/or coal powder injection.
Development of industrial biocoal for industrial furnaces and kilns 99102729
Wang, F. Gongye liare, 1998, (I), 33-35, 43. (In Chinese) A review of the development of industrial biocoal for industrial furnaces and kilns. Topics discussed include firing features of the industrial biocoal and the GXM 600-45 model high pressure briquetting machine used in the production.
Development of methods for removal of carcinogenlc substances from coal-derived electrode binders
99102730
Slyshkina, T. V. and Sukhorukov, V. I. Koks Khim., 1998, (6), 26-32. (In Russian) In this process, heat treatment at 250°C with air containing 0s is used to remove the carcinogenic components of coal tar binders used in carbon electrode manufacture. The optimum air consumption and 0s concentration was found to be 25.5 I/kg coal tar and 5%, respectively. Not only did the treatment reduce the concentration of carcinogenic substances in the coal tar by 12-40 times, but the quality of the binders also improved.
The influence of pitch quality on anode carbon 99102731 gasification
Patrick, J. Comm. Eur. Communities, [Rep.] EUR, 1998, (EUR 17441) l-36. Calcined petroleum coke, straight from a refinery, and four coal-tar pitches were used to produce anode carbons on pilot scale. To obtain information on the gasification behaviour of anode carbons, three basic test procedures were developed. In the first, small test pieces, 15 mm in diameter by 10 mm in height, cut from the larger carbon cylinders, were exposed to air at 550°C for one hour and then the friability of the surface of the surviving lumps was assessed. Oxidized samples suitable for studying the depth of the gasification attack, were obtained from the second gasification procedure. These samples were larger (43 mm in diameter by 40 mm in height) and were oxidized in a tube furnace in air at 550°C or in carbon dioxide at 1000°C for one hour. In the third procedure, cylindrical samples 15 mm in diameter by 15 mm in height were suspended from one arm of a continuously reading electromagnetic balance into an electric heated, vertical reaction tube through which a flow of air could be maintained. Observations included: the oxidized specimens had a highly porous, friable outer layer surrounding a stronger central core and low activation energy for oxidation in air at >55o”C. This indicates that at high temperature the oxidation of anode carbons is controlled by diffusion of the reactant within the porous structure of the carbon. Access of the reactant to the centre of the carbon is restricted so that the reaction there is less extensive than in the outer layer. Thus the outer layers become susceptible to mechanical loss of particulate carbon. Increases in the sodium or quinoline insoluble content of the coal-tar pitch used to produce the carbon enhance rates of gasification and exacerbate the particulate loss, leading to dusting, which in turn contributes to excess anode consumption.
Manufacture of pi iron with injection of fuels 99102732 (pulverized coal) through blast-f urnace tuyeres Garcia, L. et al. Rev. Metal. (Madrid), 1998,34, (3), 281-296. (In Spanish) Ironmaking technology involving coal injection by tuyeres in the blast furnace is reviewed. The article contains data on the countries which presently use this technology.
Mathematical model for temperature field 99102733 oxygen-coal lance in the reduction smelter Guo, P. et al. Gangtie Yanjiu Xuebao, 1998, 10, (4), 5-8. (In Chinese)
of
The temperature distribution of the lance and its parameters are analysed, through establishing a two-dimensional model for the temperature field of the oxygen-coal lance in reduction smelter. Along the axial direction of the lance, travelling from front to back, the temperature gradient decreases
264
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
July 1999
remarkably. And in the radial direction, the temperature decreases gradually from the outer layer to the inner layer. Increasing combustion temperature increases the temperature of the lance substantially whilst powder to gas ratio between the tubes has little effect on the temperature distribution of the lance. The influences of pulverized coal flow and oxygen flow on the temperature distribution of the lance are correlated with the oxygen to carbon effective ratio. 99102734 Method for manufacture of sintered iron ore One, K. and Kawakuchi, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 310, 828 [98 310, 8281, (Cl. C22Bl/20), 24 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/121, 898, 13 May 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese). In this method iron ore is fed into a pallet through a surge hopper and coke or coal is injected into the pallet through nozzles which are arranged along the height of the pallet. The temperature distribution of the sintered cake at the discharge end and/or the concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen in the draft in the wind box determine the distribution of the sintering status along the pallet height. A UV camera is used for this. Powdered coke or coal injection is then adjusted according to the sintering status.
Method for using gases produced decomposition of solid fuel
99102735
by thermal
Ito, K. and Maesawa, A. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 296,048 [98 296,048], (Cl. BOlD53/56), 10 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/120,116, 24 Apr 1997, 3 pp. (In Japanese) A method for utilizing the gases produced by the thermal decomposition gasification of a solid fuel is presented. During the day the gases are used for electric power generation, whilst at night they can be used for NH4 production. Boiler flue gas from the power plant is mixed with NH4, the mixture is then radiated with an electron beam. The electric beam radiation removes NO, and SO, from the boiler flue gas. Additionally, a mixed fertilizer of (NH&SO4 and NH4-NOs is produced. The method is most applicable for combustible gases from coal gasification or petroleum residue gasification.
A new model for sintering in fluidized bed combustion processes
99102736
Seville, J. P. K. ef al. World Congr. Part. Technol. 3, [computer optical disk], 1998, 1005-1016. The problem of sintering in fluidized bed combustion is investigated. Previously, the ability of sintered aggregates to withstand the hydrodynamic forces imposed by the fluidized bed have been theoretically expressed In this paper, a new conceptual through force and energy balances. approach is proposed which is based on a comparison of the characteristic times for quiescent motion of particles in a bed and for the growth of sinter necks. A quantitative relationship between the gas velocity required to maintain fluidization and the temperature of the bed in terms of the surface viscosity of the particles in given by this theory. The theory has been tested using experimental results for the sintering behaviours of both model and real materials. The potential of the new approach is evaluated.
Operation of blast furnace using multiple powder fuels or liquid fuels
99102737
Oohara, S. and Sasaki, T. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 306,302 [98 306, 3021, (Cl. C21B5/00), 17 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/124,902,28 Apr 1997.5 pp. (In Japanese) Multiple powder fuels or liquid fuels are blown into a blast furnace through a tuyere. Pulverized coal is used as the powder fuel and the liquid fuel is either tar or heavy oil. It is proposed that the production cost of pig iron can be lowered by continuously using multiple fuel substitutes.
Prospects for complex wasteless slags processing at nonferrous metals facilities In Kazakhstan
99102739
Pavlov, A. V. Kompleksn. Ispol’z. Miner. Syr’ya, 1997, (2) 59-62. (In Russian) At a facility in Kazakhstan, non-ferrous metals (copper, lead, zinc and iron) were recovered from the slag by a coke filter heated in an electric furnace at 1700-1800°C. The recovery of the metals from the non-ferrous slag deposits not only increases the metal resources in Russia but also has positive environmental effects in the form of reduced pollution.
Recovery of valuable components from oil shales of Kysylkum region
99102739
Abdurakhmanov, A. et al. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Resp. Uzb., 1997, (5), 33-36. (In Russian) The chemical and phase compositions of combustible shales from the Kysylkum region (or Kazakhstan) are given in this article. Also, the possible recovery of their valuable components is explored. Organic and sulfurcontaining components were recovered by heat treatment at 250-450°C. Rare and precious metals were recovered from the heat treatment residue by hydrometallurgical methods. It is proposed that the hydrometallurgical residues can be used in cement manufacture.