02994 Chemical composition of the water-soluble fraction of the leaded gasolines in seawater

02 Operation method of coke oven 99102983 Fukuda, K. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 310,776 [98 310,776] (Cl. 24 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/124,201, 14 May 1997, 3 pp. (In ClOB57/00), Japanese) The opeiation of a chamber-type coke oven presented here comprises discharging coke manufactured from carbonization chamber, determining the combination of minimum swelling pressures of coal in adjacent carbonization chambers and adjusting the loading time of coal to adjacent carbonization chambers. 99102984 Petrographic observations of Gieseler semi-cokes from high volatile bituminous coals Fuel, 1999, 78, (4), 445-451. Hower, J. C. and Lloyd, W. G. A study was carried out on semi-cokes from Gieseler plastometry experiments on high volatile bituminous coals conducted under both ASTM 2639 (3”C/min temperature ramp) and isothermal conditions, the latter run at both varied temperatures and at fixed times at a single temperature to investigate their optical texture. Physical properties of activated carbon with coal 99102985 blend ratios and manufacturing conditions Kim, S. C. et al. Kongop Hwahak, 1998, 9, (6), 835-841. (In Korean) This paper addresses the manufacturing process of activated carbon (AC) by using an anthracite and bituminous coals which were regarded as appropriate for AC manufacturing. The physical properties of AC prepared with coal blends were characterized by ultimate and proximate analyses. The results revealed that the characteristics of manufactured AC were changed with manufacturing conditions and the ratios and types of coal blends. Powdered mixture fuels, their manufacture and 99102906 method for burning the fuels Azegami, N. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 287,890 [98 287,890] (Cl. ClOLS/46), 27 Ott 1998, GB Appl. 97/7,498, 14 Apr 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese) Containing fine carbon powder and fine trash powder, the powdered fuels are prepared by grinding trash, drying the powder (when necessary), mixing with Ca(OH)* and/or CaO, pelletizing the mixture, drying (if necessary), mixing the pellets with coal and pulverizing the pellet-coal mixture. Carbon powder burners are used to burn the fuel. 99102907 Preprocessing of coal for coke manufacture and manufacture of coke Kumagaya, A. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 287,882 [98 287,882] (Cl. ClOBS7/04), 27 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/93,961, 11 Apr 1997, 8 pp. (In Japanese) The pre-treatment of coal containing fine particles involves drying in a fluidized bed dryer, divided into chambers by partitions perpendicular to the flow direction of the coal. Each chamber in the dryer, except the last, is supplied with a high temperature drying gas from a gas dispersing plate under the coal layer, to dry the coal to rid it of surface water. The last chamber is supplied with a low-temperature gas to separate the fine particles. Coke is prepared from the pre-treated coal by storing the coal in hoppers before charging to the coke oven chambers. Present technologies for manufacture of high99102988 quality carbon adsorbents. Part I. Processes based on mineral raw materials Olontsev, V. F. Khim. Prom-st., 1997, (ll), 749-753. (In Russian) The paper explores the possibilities of obtaining active carbon by briquetting fine fractions of weakly caking coal, using coal tar pitch as a binder. Strength and yield of the active carbon were increased by addition of surfactants. The adsorption and physical-mechanical properties and characteristics of porous structure of the active carbon were examined. 99102989 Production method of needle coke having low thermal exoansion coefficient Kajiwara, O.-and Tashiro, H. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 316,972 [98 316,972] (Cl. ClOB57/04), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. __ 97/129,571,20 May 1997.4 PP. .. (In Japanese) The method is as follows: containing O-7 wt% quinoline insolubles and O-20 wt% toluene insolubles, the pitch is heated at 350-45o”C and atmospheric pressure to 30 kg/cm* to increase the contents of quinoline insolubles and toluene insolubles by 0.5-5 wt% and lo-30 wt%, respectively. Subsequently treated with a solvent to obtain a raw pitch 0.5-10 wt% toluene insolubles but no quinoline insolubles, it is then coked. 99102990 Raw material resources for the manufacture of a carbonaceous reducing agent for consumers who are not blastfurnace operators Ulanovskii, M. L. et al. Koks Khim., 1998, (8), 23-26. (In Russian) The paper studies the preparation of a carbon material with reduced chlorine, sulfur and sodium content for use as a reducing agent. The effect of the coal before and after removal of water-soluble compounds on coke quality was studied in a process development unit.

Liquid fuels (sources, properties,

recovety)

99102991 Semicokes from pitch pyrolysis: mechanisms and kinetics Marsh, H. et al. Carbon, 1999, 37, (3), 363-390. The paper reviews the literature of the kinetics and mechanisms of formation of anisotropic semi-cokes from petroleum residues. The concepts of mesophase, self-assembly of mesogens and liquid-crystals are described. Values are reported of reaction order rate constants and activation energies and the limitations of analytical methods are critically discussed. Stages in the transformation of pre-mesogen molecules to mesogen, to mesophase and the growth of mesophase are presented. The conclusions drawn are reported. 99102992 Use of Polish coals in a coal blend for coking in the Mariupol United Enterprises OAO Markochim Septovickij, M. S. el al. Karbo-Energochem.-Ekol., 1997, 42, (12), 393-396. (In Polish) Type 34 and 35 Polish coals (Polish classification) were tested and classified according to GOST 25543-88 as the coals of gas-fat and coking-fat quality. These coals can be used in blends with Ukrainian coals to produce good quality metallurgic coke. The test was carried out in industrial conditions at battery no. 5 of the Mariupol Union Markochim. The test showed that the optimum percentage of Polish coals in coal blend is 40% and the ratio of the type 34 coal to type 35 in the coal blend for coking should be equal to 1:(0.95-1.25). Since 1994, the Markochim Union has applied the coal blend with addition of Polish coals which led to an increase in the efficiency of coke production due to the shortening of the coking time.

02

LIQUID Sources,

FUELS

Properties,

Recovery

99102993 Characterization of the isolated wetting crude oil components with infrared spectroscopy Akhlaq, M. S. J. Petroleum Sci. & Engineering, 1999, 22, (4), 229-235. Wetting experiments on quartz sand and kaolin were performed with an asphaltene-rich oil and an two-step procedure was developed to improve the understanding of wettability. In the first step, those crude oil components were extracted, which preferentially wet solid surfaces. The extracted crude oil components were characterized in a second step. The composition of the fractions extracted with different solvents are different. The acetone fractions extracted from quartz sand are rich in compounds containing nitrogen, whereas the compounds containing sulfur predominate in the chloroform fraction extracted from quartz sand. IR spectroscopy of the extracted fractions shows that carbonyl compounds are abundant in the methanol/chloroform and acetone/chloroform fractions extracted from quartz sand. The chloroform fraction is poor in carbonyl group-containing compounds. In agreement with elemental analysis a strong signal for carbon-nitrogen groups in the IR spectra is found for acetone/chloroform and methanol/chloroform fractions, extracted from the quartz sand system. On the other hand, a significant, strong IR-peak representing S = 0 containing components is observed in the acetone and acetone/chloroform fractions, extracted from quartz sand. 99102994 Chemical composition of the water-soluble fraction of the leaded gasolines in seawater Saeed, T. and Al-Mutairi, M. Envir. Inr., 1999, 25, (l), 117-129. The chemical composition of the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of gasoline and high-octane gasoline (both leaded) in seawater was investigated. Volatile compounds present were analysed by purge and trap/gas chromatography (P&T/GC) and confirmed by GC/MS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by analysing the concentrated extract of WSF by single-ion monitoring. A total of 46 volatile compounds were identified in the WSF of gasoline, amounting to about 67 mg/l, while the WSF of high-octane gasoline consisted of 35 volatile compounds which added up to about 77 mgfl. Aromatic compounds were predominant and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) formed the bulk of the total dissolved components. The concentration of PAHs was higher in the WSF of gasoline (1.3 mg/l) as compared to the PAHs in the WSF of highoctane gasoline (about 1 mg/l). Naphthalene and methylated naphthalenes were the major components in the PAH fraction. The effect of temperature and mixing time on the composition of the WSF was also investigated. 99102995 Combined use of confocal laser scanning microscopy and PVT simulation for estimating the composition and physlcal properties of petroleum in fluid mclusions Aplin, A. C. et al. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1999, 16, (2), 97-110. A method to determine the composition and PVT properties of petroleum in individual petroleum fluid inclusions is detailed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used to generate three-dimensional images of single petroleum inclusions. Liquid petroleum fluoresces under laser, so the images readily distinguish the liquid and vapour within the inclusion and

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

September

1999

317