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03076 Granular filtration in a fluidized bed
03
03
GASEOUS Sources,
Recovery,
recovery, treatment)
well area in Qiuliang Oilfields in Taibei Sag and characterized by low density, big dry coefficient, high ratios of iC4/nC.,, Cz/C3 and ‘HePHe of, ~5’~Cz>6’~C~ et al.
FUELS
Properties,
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
Treatment
99lo3a70 Amorphous zirconium alloy catalysts and their application to hydrocarbon reforming gases Hashimoto, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 263,400 [98 263,400] (Cl. BO1323/74), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/87,241, 24 Mar 1997, 9 pp. (In Japanese) Oxidation-reduction treatment was used to obtain amorphous zirconium alloy catalysts from amorphous alloy precursors containing 20-80 wt% zirconium and balance cobalt and/or nickel. The catalysts were reacted with hydrocarbon reforming gases in multi-step reaction tubes and water generated in the tubes was removed by cooling passages between the tubes. High-energy methane gases were obtained and the carbon monoxide in the reforming gases was detoxified. 99103071 Apparatus for dry desulfurization at high temperatures Tamamushi, F. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,536 [98 314,536] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/130,638, 21 May 1997, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Coarse gas is treated with a device for dust separation in an apparatus comprising a fluidized bed desulfurization tower and a regeneration tower with circulation of desulfurization agent. Fine-grain carbon contained in the treated gas is trapped with the desulfurization agent in the desulfurization tower and then oxidized in the regeneration tower. Preferably, zinc desulfurization agents are used and the device for dust separation is a cyclone separator. The desulfurization agent is regenerated with the heat generated by oxidation of carbon. The treated gas can be fed into gas turbines for power generation. 99lO3072 Apparatus for dry desulfurization of fuel gases at high temperatures Tamamushi, F. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,535 [98 314,535] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/125,281, 15 May 1997, 5 .PP. . (In ~ Japanese) A desulfurization tower and a regeneration tower make up the apparatus, both comprising two-phase fluidized beds. Iron-containing desulfurization agent is circulated between the lower phase of the towers and zinccontaining desulfurization agent is circulated between the upper phase of the towers. By utilizing the heat generated in the lower phase, the zinccontaining desulfurization agent can be regenerated by exothermic regeneration of the iron-containing desulfurization agent. The treated gas can be fed into gas turbines for power generation. 99103073 Circulation of combustion gases from a waste incineration unit into a coal-fired power plant Hunsinger, H. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,723,145 (Cl. F23K3/00), 10 Dee 1998, Appl. 19,723,145, 3 Jun 1997, 4 pp. (In German) In order to purify and treat the waste gases from incineration in the coal combustion chamber, a portion of the flue gas from a waste incineration unit is cycled to the main combustion chamber of a coal-fired furnace. The method results in the efficient removal of contaminant mercury, heavy metals, fly ash, HCI, NO, and SOz from the incineration combustion gases. Potential pollutants in the incineration combustion gases can thus be removed during initial coal combustion and in the flue gas treatment units of the power plant.
99lO3076 Granular filtration in a fluidized bed Mei, J. S. and Yue, P. C. Proc., Annu. Meet. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. [computer optical disk], 1998, 91, WA62A06/1-8. The Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) of the US Department of Energy developed a novel filtration concept for particulate clean-up. It is destined for hot gas clean-up and the removal of contaminants from hot fuel gases from coal gasification. The filtration system consists of a fine metal screen filter immersed in a fluidized bed of granular material, which separates fine particles from the gas stream passing through the bed. As only the in-flowing gas, not fine particle cohesive forces, maintains the granular layer at the screen surface, once the thickness and permeability of the granular layer are stabilized, it remains unchanged as long as the inflowing gas flow rate remains constant The weight of the particles and the turbulent nature of the fluidized bed limit the thickness of the granular layer on the filter, leading to self-cleaning. The granular-filtration testing system consisted of a set of three filter elements: a two-dimensional fluidized-bed, a continuous powder feeder, two laser-based in-line particle monitors and a continuous, solid-feed/bed-material withdrawal system. 99lO3077 Hot-gas filter testing with a transport gasifier Swanson, M. L. and Mann, M. D. Proc., Annu. Meet. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. [computer optical disk], 1998, 91st, WP62B03/1-WP62B03/10. A multi-year demonstration and development programme for the removal of particulates from gasification product gas using ceramic and porous metal candle filters is the basis of an initiative by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). The system incorporates a hotgas filter device, closely coupled to a transport reactor gasifier, in which filter elements are tested as a function of collection efficiency, filter pressure differential, filter cleanability and durability. The test takes place under the following conditions: nominally 540°C 120 psig, face velocities ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 ft/min and up to 19 candles of 1 or 1.5 m in length. Candles tested to date include Fibrosic candles from Industrial Filter & Pump Inc. (IF&P), SIC fibre ceramic filters from the 3M Company and iron aluminide metal and Vitropore ceramic filters from Pall Advanced Separations Systems. Particulate loading into the filter ranged from 4000 to 12,000 ppm, with a dsa of 6-14 pm. Carbon content in the filter ash varied between 40% and 60%. Several parameters are being evaluated for the effect on filter blinding, strength, porosity and cake release properties. 99193078 Investigation of processes of organic products synthesis from natural gas via syngas Mysov, V. M. et al. Stud. Surf Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 533-538. An investigation of the selectivity of syngas conversion for the synthesis of organic products such as aromatic hydrocarbons, di-Me ether and highoctane gasoline on bifunctional zeolite-containing catalysts in two-step processes. The influence of temperature (280-44o”C), pressure (40-80 atm) and syngas composition on the selectivity of hydrocarbon synthesis in a fixed bed flow-type reactor was studied. The routes of highly selective aromatics syntheses from mixtures of syngas + toluene and syngas + 2methylnaphthalene (2-MN) are described. The selectivity to p-xylene (7091%) and the one to p-ethyltoluenes (76-97%) via alkylation of toluene with syngas were achieved. Dimethylnaphthalenes were the main products in 2-MN alkylation with syngas. In all cases the selectivity depends upon molecular sieve effects of the zeolite component of the catalysts.
99103074 Coal gas purifying systems Koyama, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 287,887 [98 287,887] (Cl. ClOK1/20), 27 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/96,892, 15 Apr 1997, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Carbon-containing dust is removed from the high-temperature coal gas by a dry process, adding absorbents for corrosive gases in the dust-removed gas; heat from the absorbent containing gas is recovered and the gas is purified inside a heat exchanger. Solid particles containing the absorbent from the gas are recovered by a second dry process and the resultant gas is washed with water. Passed through the heat exchange pipes, filled with sulfurremoving agents, the sulfur compound is removed from the washed gas in the heat exchanger.
99103079 New catalysts and catalytic processes to produce hydrogen and syngas from natural gas and other light hydrocarbons Parmon, V. N. et al. Stud. Surf Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 677-684. Honeycomb catalysts for natural gas oxidation to syngas is a recently developed processes of moderate-temperature (450-650°C) catalytic pyrolysis of natural gas and/or light hydrocarbons into hydrogen and valuable carbonaceous materials. This, as well as partial oxidation of natural gas into syngas in high temperature solid oxide fuel-cell-like system, is reviewed. The advantages of the new processes against conventional ones were found to be in their ability to produce hydrogen completely free of carbon monoxide and to co-generate hydrogen or syngas with other valuable materials, chemicals or even electricity.
99i03075 Genetic type of natural gas in Turpan-Hami Basin Zeng, F. er al. Shiyou Yu Tianranqi Dizhi, 1998, 19, (2), 162-164. (In Chinese) The division of natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin encompasses four genetic types: oil gas, coal-formed gas, mixture source gas and biological remaking gas. Oil-type gas is mainly distributed in Tuokexun and Hami Sags and characterized by high 6i3Ca-6”Cz, high maturity, 6i3Cz<-2.88%. Coal-formed gas is enriched in Taibei Sag and characterized by low b”Ci, high 6i3Ca, 6i3C3 ratios, 513Ca>2.88% et al. Mixture source gas is distributed in Taibei Sag, Shanshan Oilfields and eastern Qiuling Oilfields, characterized by S’3C16i3C4 ‘reverse’ carbon isotopic; biological remaking gas is distributed only in Baha Oilfields and Ling four
99lQ3080 PAHs and related compounds at a former gasworks site Lundstedt, S. et al. Risk, Resow. Regul. Issues, Int. Conf. Rem. Chlorinated Recalcitrant compound, Zst, 1998, 7-12. Edited by Wickramanayake, G. B. and Hinchee, R. E. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. In this study soil from a former gasworks site was characterized with respect to PAHs and related compounds. The soil was extracted using Soxhlet and cleaned by passing it through a silica column. GC/MS was then used to analyse the concentrated samples. The analysis identified more than 40 compounds and groups of compounds, including PAHs, methylated PAHs, biphenyls, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene. Particular attention was given to the 16 US-EPA priority pollutant PAHs-their total soil
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1999
325
03
GASEOUS Sources,
Recovery,
recovery, treatment)
well area in Qiuliang Oilfields in Taibei Sag and characterized by low density, big dry coefficient, high ratios of iC4/nC.,, Cz/C3 and ‘HePHe of, ~5’~Cz>6’~C~ et al.
FUELS
Properties,
Gaseous fuels (sources, properties,
Treatment
99lo3a70 Amorphous zirconium alloy catalysts and their application to hydrocarbon reforming gases Hashimoto, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 263,400 [98 263,400] (Cl. BO1323/74), 6 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/87,241, 24 Mar 1997, 9 pp. (In Japanese) Oxidation-reduction treatment was used to obtain amorphous zirconium alloy catalysts from amorphous alloy precursors containing 20-80 wt% zirconium and balance cobalt and/or nickel. The catalysts were reacted with hydrocarbon reforming gases in multi-step reaction tubes and water generated in the tubes was removed by cooling passages between the tubes. High-energy methane gases were obtained and the carbon monoxide in the reforming gases was detoxified. 99103071 Apparatus for dry desulfurization at high temperatures Tamamushi, F. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,536 [98 314,536] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/130,638, 21 May 1997, 4 pp. (In Japanese) Coarse gas is treated with a device for dust separation in an apparatus comprising a fluidized bed desulfurization tower and a regeneration tower with circulation of desulfurization agent. Fine-grain carbon contained in the treated gas is trapped with the desulfurization agent in the desulfurization tower and then oxidized in the regeneration tower. Preferably, zinc desulfurization agents are used and the device for dust separation is a cyclone separator. The desulfurization agent is regenerated with the heat generated by oxidation of carbon. The treated gas can be fed into gas turbines for power generation. 99lO3072 Apparatus for dry desulfurization of fuel gases at high temperatures Tamamushi, F. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 314,535 [98 314,535] (Cl. BOlD53/14), 2 Dee 1998, Appl. 97/125,281, 15 May 1997, 5 .PP. . (In ~ Japanese) A desulfurization tower and a regeneration tower make up the apparatus, both comprising two-phase fluidized beds. Iron-containing desulfurization agent is circulated between the lower phase of the towers and zinccontaining desulfurization agent is circulated between the upper phase of the towers. By utilizing the heat generated in the lower phase, the zinccontaining desulfurization agent can be regenerated by exothermic regeneration of the iron-containing desulfurization agent. The treated gas can be fed into gas turbines for power generation. 99103073 Circulation of combustion gases from a waste incineration unit into a coal-fired power plant Hunsinger, H. et al. Ger. Offen. DE 19,723,145 (Cl. F23K3/00), 10 Dee 1998, Appl. 19,723,145, 3 Jun 1997, 4 pp. (In German) In order to purify and treat the waste gases from incineration in the coal combustion chamber, a portion of the flue gas from a waste incineration unit is cycled to the main combustion chamber of a coal-fired furnace. The method results in the efficient removal of contaminant mercury, heavy metals, fly ash, HCI, NO, and SOz from the incineration combustion gases. Potential pollutants in the incineration combustion gases can thus be removed during initial coal combustion and in the flue gas treatment units of the power plant.
99lO3076 Granular filtration in a fluidized bed Mei, J. S. and Yue, P. C. Proc., Annu. Meet. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. [computer optical disk], 1998, 91, WA62A06/1-8. The Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC) of the US Department of Energy developed a novel filtration concept for particulate clean-up. It is destined for hot gas clean-up and the removal of contaminants from hot fuel gases from coal gasification. The filtration system consists of a fine metal screen filter immersed in a fluidized bed of granular material, which separates fine particles from the gas stream passing through the bed. As only the in-flowing gas, not fine particle cohesive forces, maintains the granular layer at the screen surface, once the thickness and permeability of the granular layer are stabilized, it remains unchanged as long as the inflowing gas flow rate remains constant The weight of the particles and the turbulent nature of the fluidized bed limit the thickness of the granular layer on the filter, leading to self-cleaning. The granular-filtration testing system consisted of a set of three filter elements: a two-dimensional fluidized-bed, a continuous powder feeder, two laser-based in-line particle monitors and a continuous, solid-feed/bed-material withdrawal system. 99lO3077 Hot-gas filter testing with a transport gasifier Swanson, M. L. and Mann, M. D. Proc., Annu. Meet. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. [computer optical disk], 1998, 91st, WP62B03/1-WP62B03/10. A multi-year demonstration and development programme for the removal of particulates from gasification product gas using ceramic and porous metal candle filters is the basis of an initiative by the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). The system incorporates a hotgas filter device, closely coupled to a transport reactor gasifier, in which filter elements are tested as a function of collection efficiency, filter pressure differential, filter cleanability and durability. The test takes place under the following conditions: nominally 540°C 120 psig, face velocities ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 ft/min and up to 19 candles of 1 or 1.5 m in length. Candles tested to date include Fibrosic candles from Industrial Filter & Pump Inc. (IF&P), SIC fibre ceramic filters from the 3M Company and iron aluminide metal and Vitropore ceramic filters from Pall Advanced Separations Systems. Particulate loading into the filter ranged from 4000 to 12,000 ppm, with a dsa of 6-14 pm. Carbon content in the filter ash varied between 40% and 60%. Several parameters are being evaluated for the effect on filter blinding, strength, porosity and cake release properties. 99193078 Investigation of processes of organic products synthesis from natural gas via syngas Mysov, V. M. et al. Stud. Surf Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 533-538. An investigation of the selectivity of syngas conversion for the synthesis of organic products such as aromatic hydrocarbons, di-Me ether and highoctane gasoline on bifunctional zeolite-containing catalysts in two-step processes. The influence of temperature (280-44o”C), pressure (40-80 atm) and syngas composition on the selectivity of hydrocarbon synthesis in a fixed bed flow-type reactor was studied. The routes of highly selective aromatics syntheses from mixtures of syngas + toluene and syngas + 2methylnaphthalene (2-MN) are described. The selectivity to p-xylene (7091%) and the one to p-ethyltoluenes (76-97%) via alkylation of toluene with syngas were achieved. Dimethylnaphthalenes were the main products in 2-MN alkylation with syngas. In all cases the selectivity depends upon molecular sieve effects of the zeolite component of the catalysts.
99103074 Coal gas purifying systems Koyama, S. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 287,887 [98 287,887] (Cl. ClOK1/20), 27 Ott 1998, Appl. 97/96,892, 15 Apr 1997, 7 pp. (In Japanese) Carbon-containing dust is removed from the high-temperature coal gas by a dry process, adding absorbents for corrosive gases in the dust-removed gas; heat from the absorbent containing gas is recovered and the gas is purified inside a heat exchanger. Solid particles containing the absorbent from the gas are recovered by a second dry process and the resultant gas is washed with water. Passed through the heat exchange pipes, filled with sulfurremoving agents, the sulfur compound is removed from the washed gas in the heat exchanger.
99103079 New catalysts and catalytic processes to produce hydrogen and syngas from natural gas and other light hydrocarbons Parmon, V. N. et al. Stud. Surf Sci. Catal., 1998, 119, (Natural Gas Conversion V), 677-684. Honeycomb catalysts for natural gas oxidation to syngas is a recently developed processes of moderate-temperature (450-650°C) catalytic pyrolysis of natural gas and/or light hydrocarbons into hydrogen and valuable carbonaceous materials. This, as well as partial oxidation of natural gas into syngas in high temperature solid oxide fuel-cell-like system, is reviewed. The advantages of the new processes against conventional ones were found to be in their ability to produce hydrogen completely free of carbon monoxide and to co-generate hydrogen or syngas with other valuable materials, chemicals or even electricity.
99i03075 Genetic type of natural gas in Turpan-Hami Basin Zeng, F. er al. Shiyou Yu Tianranqi Dizhi, 1998, 19, (2), 162-164. (In Chinese) The division of natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin encompasses four genetic types: oil gas, coal-formed gas, mixture source gas and biological remaking gas. Oil-type gas is mainly distributed in Tuokexun and Hami Sags and characterized by high 6i3Ca-6”Cz, high maturity, 6i3Cz<-2.88%. Coal-formed gas is enriched in Taibei Sag and characterized by low b”Ci, high 6i3Ca, 6i3C3 ratios, 513Ca>2.88% et al. Mixture source gas is distributed in Taibei Sag, Shanshan Oilfields and eastern Qiuling Oilfields, characterized by S’3C1
99lQ3080 PAHs and related compounds at a former gasworks site Lundstedt, S. et al. Risk, Resow. Regul. Issues, Int. Conf. Rem. Chlorinated Recalcitrant compound, Zst, 1998, 7-12. Edited by Wickramanayake, G. B. and Hinchee, R. E. Battelle Press, Columbus, Ohio. In this study soil from a former gasworks site was characterized with respect to PAHs and related compounds. The soil was extracted using Soxhlet and cleaned by passing it through a silica column. GC/MS was then used to analyse the concentrated samples. The analysis identified more than 40 compounds and groups of compounds, including PAHs, methylated PAHs, biphenyls, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene. Particular attention was given to the 16 US-EPA priority pollutant PAHs-their total soil
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1999
325