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acid batteries: the case of Greece
78
Energy conversion and recycling
of adverse effects of energy use on the environment. The measures and their effectiveness differ greatly from country to country, without clear identification of the relevant cause-effect relations. This issue is examined using a multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) method based on preference disaggregation analysis. The method used is the UTADIS (utilitts additives discriminantes) method that has already been widely applied for financial management. The problem examined in this paper has been formulated following the segmentation approach where a number of countries are grouped into a set of predefined classes according to their energy intensities. The UTADIS method proceeds to the estimation of a set of additive utility functions referring to various indices characterizing the economic and energy structure of each country. The analysis is performed at three distinct points in time in order to check for consistency of results and investigate time-dependent phenomena. The results show to what extent each of the examined characteristics influences the countries’ energy effectiveness and may be further exploited in energy-policy making. They confirm that the UTADIS method is a powerful tool for examination of a wide range of real decision situations.
18
ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING
Coal gasifier and its operational method 99103462 Fukuta, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 311,502 [98 311,502] (Cl. F22B1/18), 24 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/122,339, 13 May 1997, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The recovery of heat from crude gas generated from a coal gasifier from the heat exchanger tube of a heat-recovery boiler. The surface of the heat exchanger tube is made of alloy steel containing >8 wt% chromium and a chromium oxide coating having HzS anti-corrosion property formed by injection of 20-50 ~01% steam to the crude gas after initial operation of the boiler.
362
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1999
Recycling of plastic wastes by coking in coal 99103463 blends Polaczek, J. er al. Plasr. Mussy, 1998, (5), 38-42. (In Russian) 99103464 Recycling of spent lead/acid batteries: the case of Greece Zabaniotou, A. et al. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1999, 25, (31 4), 301-317. The application of modern recycling technologies, in accordance with the aiming at the recovery of lead, European and Greek legislation, polypropylene and sulfuric acid from spent lead/acid batteries, forms the focus of this paper. The present state of their disposal and exploitation is also depicted. The international situation is reviewed, the general trends are marked and the main technologies related to lead/acid battery treatment are reported. General recommendations are given regarding the collection of spent batteries and the installation of a recycling plant in Greece. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to define the most significant parameters affecting the viability of a recycling scheme. The present study proves that a possible installation of a lead/acid batteries recycling process unit, treating 17,000 t/year (estimated total quantity) and situated in the industrial area of the greater Athens region, seems to be economically profitable.
Energy conversion and recycling
of adverse effects of energy use on the environment. The measures and their effectiveness differ greatly from country to country, without clear identification of the relevant cause-effect relations. This issue is examined using a multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) method based on preference disaggregation analysis. The method used is the UTADIS (utilitts additives discriminantes) method that has already been widely applied for financial management. The problem examined in this paper has been formulated following the segmentation approach where a number of countries are grouped into a set of predefined classes according to their energy intensities. The UTADIS method proceeds to the estimation of a set of additive utility functions referring to various indices characterizing the economic and energy structure of each country. The analysis is performed at three distinct points in time in order to check for consistency of results and investigate time-dependent phenomena. The results show to what extent each of the examined characteristics influences the countries’ energy effectiveness and may be further exploited in energy-policy making. They confirm that the UTADIS method is a powerful tool for examination of a wide range of real decision situations.
18
ENERGY CONVERSION AND RECYCLING
Coal gasifier and its operational method 99103462 Fukuta, Y. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 10 311,502 [98 311,502] (Cl. F22B1/18), 24 Nov 1998, Appl. 97/122,339, 13 May 1997, 6 pp. (In Japanese) The recovery of heat from crude gas generated from a coal gasifier from the heat exchanger tube of a heat-recovery boiler. The surface of the heat exchanger tube is made of alloy steel containing >8 wt% chromium and a chromium oxide coating having HzS anti-corrosion property formed by injection of 20-50 ~01% steam to the crude gas after initial operation of the boiler.
362
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
September
1999
Recycling of plastic wastes by coking in coal 99103463 blends Polaczek, J. er al. Plasr. Mussy, 1998, (5), 38-42. (In Russian) 99103464 Recycling of spent lead/acid batteries: the case of Greece Zabaniotou, A. et al. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1999, 25, (31 4), 301-317. The application of modern recycling technologies, in accordance with the aiming at the recovery of lead, European and Greek legislation, polypropylene and sulfuric acid from spent lead/acid batteries, forms the focus of this paper. The present state of their disposal and exploitation is also depicted. The international situation is reviewed, the general trends are marked and the main technologies related to lead/acid battery treatment are reported. General recommendations are given regarding the collection of spent batteries and the installation of a recycling plant in Greece. A sensitivity analysis is carried out in order to define the most significant parameters affecting the viability of a recycling scheme. The present study proves that a possible installation of a lead/acid batteries recycling process unit, treating 17,000 t/year (estimated total quantity) and situated in the industrial area of the greater Athens region, seems to be economically profitable.