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03521 Improving coal quality by microwave treatment
01
Solid fuels (economics, business, marketing, policy)
Transport,
Current and future issues facing high-sulfur Midwestern coals
99lQ3526
Storage
Coal tar-resistant conveyer belts having surface layer comprising fluoropolymers or ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefins for transporting coal and coal tar
99lil3520
Tanahashi, H. and Nakayama, D. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 59,841 [99 59,841] (Cl. B65G15/32), 2 Mar 1999, Appl. 97/222,102, 19 Aug 1997, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The surface layer of the conveyer belts comprise fluoropolymers or ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefins and are useful for transporting coal or coal tars. A polyol-crosslinked fluoro rubber conveyer belt exhibited 5% volume expansion on immersion of the belt in coal tar for 168 h at 40°C.
99103521
lmprovlng coal quality by microwave treatment
Pal, B. K. Environ. Issues Waste Manage. Energy Miner. Prod., Proc. Int. Edited by Pasamehmetoglu, A. G. and Svmo.. Sfh,, 1998, 633-637. dzgknoglu, A., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Washing of high ash coals up to an optimum specific gravity of 1.5-1.6 reduces the fire risk. Microwave treatment followed by washing and isodynamic separation further increases the washability characteristics and reduces the liability towards aerial oxidation. Due to the conversion of pyrite to highly magnetically susceptible pyrrhotite and its removal by isodynamic separation, the incubation period increases drastically. Fuel ratio mostly remain unchanged and the calorific value increases by around 5%. This technique indicates the long standing storage/handling of high ash coals, just like a low ash one.
Rail transportation issues 99io3522 Fiscor, S. Coal Age, May 1999, 24-27. Each year, US rail carriers haul over 700 million tons of coal. Forecasts for Wyoming’s Powder River Basin predict a growth in production of as much as 450 million tons per year over the next ten years. Despite gains in efficiency, coal shippers claim the railway industry cannot keep up. Most coal companies cannot get their product to market without the railroads and coal represents, on average, 24% of rail revenues. Thus coal and rail companies are interdependent; yet they are polarized on the issues of rail rates and timely service. This year’s annual seminar of the National Mining Association’s Transportation Committee focused on transportation and distribution issues for the mining industry. The main concerns of the mining companies were rail access and competition issues, while market dominance, product and geographic competition, reciprocal switching and competitive access were introduced. Next year’s seminar will concentrate on establishing performance standards for railroads, producers and shippers with regard to rail shipments.
The storage of logging residue for fuel 99103523 Nurmi, J. Biomass & Eioenergy, 1999, 17, (l), 41-47. A study was carried out into the effect of storage on the fuelwood properties of Norway spruce logging residue. The characteristics under study included moisture and needle content and elemental composition. Storages included uncomminuted residue piles on the clear-cut left by single grip harvester, uncomminuted residue in large wind rows at road side landing and, as a third alternative, comminuted, compacted and noncompacted residue piles at a terminal.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
99103624
Chinese coal industry-gearing
up for the list
century
Fan, W. and Zhang, Y. J. Mines, Met. Fuels, 1997, 45, (11112) 321-325. As the primary energy source in China, coal accounts for 75% of the national energy consumption. Although China is relatively rich in coal resources, the proven reserves per capita are less than 50% of the world average and consumption rate is high. As the new century approaches, mining technology provides a chance to exploit and use the valuable resources cleanly and efficiently. The article reviews three aspects of technologies used in China, namely, technologies for the best use of the resources, technologies for clean coal extraction and utilization, as well as the technologies for increasing economic competition.
99103525 Coke outlook: low prices and no shortages Carter, R. A. Coal Age, May 1999, 32, 46-48. The global coke industry was addressed at the third annual Coke Outlook ‘99, held in New Orleans, USA.
376
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999
Bhagwat, S. B. Prepr. Symp. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1999, 44, (1) 51-55. Demand-side issues, regulatory issues, inter-fuel competition, the Kyoto agreement and the future of high-sulfur coal are discussed. An analysis of how these factors have affected high-sulfur coal in the past and how they will affect it in the future is presented.
Current trends in coal combustion product (CCP) production and use
99103527
Stewart, B. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., [computer optical disk] 1998, 15, 263-271. The paper presents CCP production data (>97 x 10h metric tons in 1997, representing an increase of 3% compared to 1997) by electric utilities and differentiated as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material. In addition, use data, differentiated as cement/concrete, flowable fill, structural fill, road base/sub-base, mineral filler, snow and ice control, blasting grit/ roofing granules, mining applications, wallboard, waste stabilization/ solidification, agriculture, etc., are discussed.
99103526
Development of mining and use of oil shale in
Russia Kashirskii, V. G. and Koval, A. A. The Volga region is emphasized.
99103529
Ugol’, 1998, (7) 51-52.
(In Russian)
Future of the IGCC technology. Scale, fuels, and
products Eurlings, J. T. G. M. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1999, 79, (4), 53-57. (In German) The main components, operational experiences and perspectives of integrated coal gasification combined-cycle plants (IGCC) are addressed. The case of the IGCC pilot olant in Butzeenheim/Netherlands and the case study IGCC 2000 are-used to exemp@ the experiences. A significant decrease of environmental impact is reached by the same cost level as conventional boiler plants for electricity generation. Costs per generated kilowatt hour can be further reduced if the specific fuel and final product flexibility of the IGCC plants are used.
99lO3530
Global environmental problems and clean coal
technology Kawaguchi, Y. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1998, 8, 1-19. (In Japanese) Japan’s energy supply and coal utilization conditions are discussed. Also addressed are the development and applications of clean coal technologies, including improving combustion efficiency, desulfurization and denitrogenation, multi-purpose coal conversion and coal ash usage. International co-operation and technology transfer for clean coal technology are also described.
9WO3531
Are IGCC power plants competitive?
Pruschek, R. et al. VGB Technical Ver. Grosskrafiwerksbetr., [Tagungsber.] VGB-TB, 1998, (VGB-TB 101) AnhangA4/1-13. The authors present a study on the efficiency enhancement and cost reductions of coal-based IGCC power plants. In comparison to modern PF steam power plants the IGCC 98 power plant is competitive. Also discussed in this work are future IGCC concepts and further efficiency improvement.
Key problems of scientific and technical progress in the Russian coal industry
99103532
Ruban, A. D. J. Mines, Met. Fuels, 1997, 45, (11/12), 326-332. The Russian coal industry and its restructuring programme is explored. Topics discussed included development and modernization of coal mining equipment and technology, priority directions in development of mining sciences, coal-bed methane recovery and use and environmental issues.
Performance enhancement in coal-fired thermal power plants. Part III: auxiliary power
99103633
Bratt, M. S. and Mandi, R. P. Int. I. Energy Res., 1999, 23, (9), 779-804. Auxiliary power in coal-fired power stations accounts for 7% (500 MW units) to 12% (30 MW units) of the gross generated power at the full plant load. The minimum AP varies between 4.5 and 9.0% for the same capacity range. The excessive power due to factors such as coal quality, excessive steam flow, internal leakage/ingress in equipment, inefficient drives, distribution network losses, reduced power quality, ageing, etc., is quantified. An experimental study has shown that 85.7% of the AP in excess of the design value can be traced to coal quality and its indirect effects. The AP can be minimized even below the design value by operational optimization, overhaul of equipment and revamping. The paper discusses in detail the techniques for restoration of the AP to the designed value and further improvements.
Solid fuels (economics, business, marketing, policy)
Transport,
Current and future issues facing high-sulfur Midwestern coals
99lQ3526
Storage
Coal tar-resistant conveyer belts having surface layer comprising fluoropolymers or ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefins for transporting coal and coal tar
99lil3520
Tanahashi, H. and Nakayama, D. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 11 59,841 [99 59,841] (Cl. B65G15/32), 2 Mar 1999, Appl. 97/222,102, 19 Aug 1997, 5 pp. (In Japanese) The surface layer of the conveyer belts comprise fluoropolymers or ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyolefins and are useful for transporting coal or coal tars. A polyol-crosslinked fluoro rubber conveyer belt exhibited 5% volume expansion on immersion of the belt in coal tar for 168 h at 40°C.
99103521
lmprovlng coal quality by microwave treatment
Pal, B. K. Environ. Issues Waste Manage. Energy Miner. Prod., Proc. Int. Edited by Pasamehmetoglu, A. G. and Svmo.. Sfh,, 1998, 633-637. dzgknoglu, A., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Washing of high ash coals up to an optimum specific gravity of 1.5-1.6 reduces the fire risk. Microwave treatment followed by washing and isodynamic separation further increases the washability characteristics and reduces the liability towards aerial oxidation. Due to the conversion of pyrite to highly magnetically susceptible pyrrhotite and its removal by isodynamic separation, the incubation period increases drastically. Fuel ratio mostly remain unchanged and the calorific value increases by around 5%. This technique indicates the long standing storage/handling of high ash coals, just like a low ash one.
Rail transportation issues 99io3522 Fiscor, S. Coal Age, May 1999, 24-27. Each year, US rail carriers haul over 700 million tons of coal. Forecasts for Wyoming’s Powder River Basin predict a growth in production of as much as 450 million tons per year over the next ten years. Despite gains in efficiency, coal shippers claim the railway industry cannot keep up. Most coal companies cannot get their product to market without the railroads and coal represents, on average, 24% of rail revenues. Thus coal and rail companies are interdependent; yet they are polarized on the issues of rail rates and timely service. This year’s annual seminar of the National Mining Association’s Transportation Committee focused on transportation and distribution issues for the mining industry. The main concerns of the mining companies were rail access and competition issues, while market dominance, product and geographic competition, reciprocal switching and competitive access were introduced. Next year’s seminar will concentrate on establishing performance standards for railroads, producers and shippers with regard to rail shipments.
The storage of logging residue for fuel 99103523 Nurmi, J. Biomass & Eioenergy, 1999, 17, (l), 41-47. A study was carried out into the effect of storage on the fuelwood properties of Norway spruce logging residue. The characteristics under study included moisture and needle content and elemental composition. Storages included uncomminuted residue piles on the clear-cut left by single grip harvester, uncomminuted residue in large wind rows at road side landing and, as a third alternative, comminuted, compacted and noncompacted residue piles at a terminal.
Economics, Business, Marketing, Policy
99103624
Chinese coal industry-gearing
up for the list
century
Fan, W. and Zhang, Y. J. Mines, Met. Fuels, 1997, 45, (11112) 321-325. As the primary energy source in China, coal accounts for 75% of the national energy consumption. Although China is relatively rich in coal resources, the proven reserves per capita are less than 50% of the world average and consumption rate is high. As the new century approaches, mining technology provides a chance to exploit and use the valuable resources cleanly and efficiently. The article reviews three aspects of technologies used in China, namely, technologies for the best use of the resources, technologies for clean coal extraction and utilization, as well as the technologies for increasing economic competition.
99103525 Coke outlook: low prices and no shortages Carter, R. A. Coal Age, May 1999, 32, 46-48. The global coke industry was addressed at the third annual Coke Outlook ‘99, held in New Orleans, USA.
376
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999
Bhagwat, S. B. Prepr. Symp. Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1999, 44, (1) 51-55. Demand-side issues, regulatory issues, inter-fuel competition, the Kyoto agreement and the future of high-sulfur coal are discussed. An analysis of how these factors have affected high-sulfur coal in the past and how they will affect it in the future is presented.
Current trends in coal combustion product (CCP) production and use
99103527
Stewart, B. Proc. Annu. Int. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., [computer optical disk] 1998, 15, 263-271. The paper presents CCP production data (>97 x 10h metric tons in 1997, representing an increase of 3% compared to 1997) by electric utilities and differentiated as fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, FGD material. In addition, use data, differentiated as cement/concrete, flowable fill, structural fill, road base/sub-base, mineral filler, snow and ice control, blasting grit/ roofing granules, mining applications, wallboard, waste stabilization/ solidification, agriculture, etc., are discussed.
99103526
Development of mining and use of oil shale in
Russia Kashirskii, V. G. and Koval, A. A. The Volga region is emphasized.
99103529
Ugol’, 1998, (7) 51-52.
(In Russian)
Future of the IGCC technology. Scale, fuels, and
products Eurlings, J. T. G. M. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1999, 79, (4), 53-57. (In German) The main components, operational experiences and perspectives of integrated coal gasification combined-cycle plants (IGCC) are addressed. The case of the IGCC pilot olant in Butzeenheim/Netherlands and the case study IGCC 2000 are-used to exemp@ the experiences. A significant decrease of environmental impact is reached by the same cost level as conventional boiler plants for electricity generation. Costs per generated kilowatt hour can be further reduced if the specific fuel and final product flexibility of the IGCC plants are used.
99lO3530
Global environmental problems and clean coal
technology Kawaguchi, Y. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1998, 8, 1-19. (In Japanese) Japan’s energy supply and coal utilization conditions are discussed. Also addressed are the development and applications of clean coal technologies, including improving combustion efficiency, desulfurization and denitrogenation, multi-purpose coal conversion and coal ash usage. International co-operation and technology transfer for clean coal technology are also described.
9WO3531
Are IGCC power plants competitive?
Pruschek, R. et al. VGB Technical Ver. Grosskrafiwerksbetr., [Tagungsber.] VGB-TB, 1998, (VGB-TB 101) AnhangA4/1-13. The authors present a study on the efficiency enhancement and cost reductions of coal-based IGCC power plants. In comparison to modern PF steam power plants the IGCC 98 power plant is competitive. Also discussed in this work are future IGCC concepts and further efficiency improvement.
Key problems of scientific and technical progress in the Russian coal industry
99103532
Ruban, A. D. J. Mines, Met. Fuels, 1997, 45, (11/12), 326-332. The Russian coal industry and its restructuring programme is explored. Topics discussed included development and modernization of coal mining equipment and technology, priority directions in development of mining sciences, coal-bed methane recovery and use and environmental issues.
Performance enhancement in coal-fired thermal power plants. Part III: auxiliary power
99103633
Bratt, M. S. and Mandi, R. P. Int. I. Energy Res., 1999, 23, (9), 779-804. Auxiliary power in coal-fired power stations accounts for 7% (500 MW units) to 12% (30 MW units) of the gross generated power at the full plant load. The minimum AP varies between 4.5 and 9.0% for the same capacity range. The excessive power due to factors such as coal quality, excessive steam flow, internal leakage/ingress in equipment, inefficient drives, distribution network losses, reduced power quality, ageing, etc., is quantified. An experimental study has shown that 85.7% of the AP in excess of the design value can be traced to coal quality and its indirect effects. The AP can be minimized even below the design value by operational optimization, overhaul of equipment and revamping. The paper discusses in detail the techniques for restoration of the AP to the designed value and further improvements.