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03709 Comparative studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and single cell
06
fuel was believed to be the only available option for the thermal subcritical system. From the overall comparison, a fast neutron was concluded to be much better for the operation of the subcritical system.
Electrical power supply and utilization (scientific, technical)
among which Nafion 112 gave the optimal result. The 30-cell stack was evaluated at different humidities and temperatures. The potential-current and power-current curves, both for single cell and the stack, were analysed by computer simulation, whereby the kinetic and mass-transfer parameters were calculated. The long-term performance of the stack and the water production during long-term operation were also measured.
Economics, Policy, Supplies, Forecasts 99103710 Design of an adaptive nonlinear controller to improve stabilization of a power system A new approach to the use of genetic algorithms to solve the pressurized water reactor’s fuel management optimization problem
99lQ3705
Chapot, J. L. C. et al. Annals Nucl. Energy, 1999, 26, (7) 641-655. A genetic algorithm (GA) based system, coupling the computer codes GENESIS 5.0 and ANC through the interface ALGER has been developed aiming at pressurized water reactor’s (PWR) fuel management optimization. An innovative codification, the List Model (LM), has been incorporated into the system. LM avoids the use of heuristic crossover operators and only generates valid non-repetitive loading patterns in the reactor core. The LM has been used to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The results got for a benchmark problem were very satisfactory, in terms of precision and computational costs. The GENESIS/ ALGER/ANC system has been successfully tested in optimization studies for Angra 1 power plant reloads.
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION
Liao, T. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 1999, 21, (6), 433-441. This paper presents a novel adaptive non-linear controller, capable of combining the input-output linearization technique and Lyapunov stability theory. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptation law of the proposed controller is derived, along with the verification of the overall system’s stability. The controller’s performance in a simple power system (a single machine connected to infinite bus with unknown system parameters) is also examined using simulation studies. Those results confirm that the proposed adaptive controller yields a good dynamics performance regardless of the unknown system parameters.
99103711 Design of non-negatively interactive FACTS-based stabilizers in multi-machine power systems
Wang, H. F. Elec. Power Syst. Res., 1999, 50, (3) 169-174 A method for the design of a non-negatively interactive FACTS-based stabilizer in a multi-machine power system is proposed. It is demonstrated in the paper that the FACTS-based stabilizer can be designed to impose positive interactions upon other stabilizers in the power system through the correct selection of non-negatively interactive installing locations and feedback signals of the FACTS-based stabilizer and the proper setting of the phase angle of the FACTS-based stabilizer. An example power system is presented in the paper, where a TCSC-based stabilizer is designed, which is not only able to damp the target inter-area oscillation mode effectively. but also imposes a positive interaction with a PSS in the power system to damp a local oscillation mode.
99103712 Ion battery
Scientific, Technical The advanced lead-acid battery consortiuma worldwide cooperation brings rapid progress
99103706
Moseley, P. T. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 1-6. In recent years, the development of valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries has been carried forward rapidly through the collaborative efforts of a world-wide consortium of battery manufacturers and related elements of industry; the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC). This group has set aside its competitive instincts in order to achieve acceptable goals in respect of those parameters that are key factors controlling the marketability of electric vehicles (EVs): cost, cycle life, specific energy, specific power and rate of recharge. This paper provides an overview of the principal themes of the ALABC research and development programme.
99103707
Alkaline fuel cells for road traction
De Geeter, E. et al. 1. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 207-212. Until recently, alkaline fuel cells were the only type of fuel cell reliable enough to be used in space; now they are being neglected for road traction in favour of the supposed advantages of proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells. In practice, the alkaline cell is very well developed, simple to operate with a built-in cooling system, has excellent reliability and is inexpensive to manufacture, even in small quantities. The paper describes the development (the adoption of modern catalysts, system packaging) and operation of alkaline fuel cells when installed as on-board chargers within a range of rapidly refuelled, but zero-emission electric vehicles with immediate potential.
Characteristics of Li-ion battery anode controlled by coke from various coals
99lO3708
Korai, Y. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronbunshu, 1997, 34, 389390. (In Japanese) The authors studied the possibility of coke coal for an anode of a lithiumion battery by varying the rank of the coal and the preparation conditions of the coke. The influence of carbonization under normal and pressurized conditions and co-carbonization with synthetic pitch on the optical texture and the density of resultant coke was explored. Coke from Tanitoharum coal showed the largest discharge capacity among the coals and had characteristics of hard carbon which has a low voltage plateau in the discharge curve.
Comparative studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and single cell
99103709
Chu, D. and Jiang, R. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 226-234. A comparative investigation was carried out on the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a single cell and a 30-cell stack. Various types of Nafion membranes, such as Nafion 117, 115, 112 and 105, were tested as electrolyte within the single cell and at different temperatures,
Development of a BB-2590/U rechargeable lithium-
Juzkow, M. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 286-292. Under contract with the US Army CECOM, PolyStor has teamed with Hawker Eternacell (US) to develop a BB-2590/U rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The concept involves using commercially available ICR-18650 cylindrical lithium-ion cells. The individual cells have a high specific energy of 135 Wh kg-’ and an energy density of 335 Wh dm-‘. Electronic circuitry was developed to provide pack protection, charge equalization and battery management (fuel gauging). PolyStor’s rechargeable BB-2590/U battery provides 4.5 Ah at 28 V nominal or 9.0 Ah at 14 V nominal, translating into 108 Wh kg-’ and 150 Wh dm-“. The key developments are discussed in this paper.
99103713 Development of coal gas production technology acceptable for fuel cells
Okutani, S. et al. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1998,8, 265-273. (In Japanese) The paper describes the pilot plant design of a coal gas manufacturing system of coal treatment capacity 150 t/day for fuel cell power generation. The system includes equipment for coal pretreatment, coal gasification, gas purification, gas turbine, gas combustion and air separation. 99103714
Development of solid oxide fuel cells for power
generation Takatsuka, H. et al. Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1999, 36, (I), 34-37. (In Japanese) Promising high plant efficiency for power stations, solid oxide fuel cells, developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., are described. Since March 1998, a pressurized 10 kW class tubular type SOFC has been operating at maximum output (21.0 kW), expected to complete a continuous run of L7000 hours. Moreover, a monoblock layer built type SOFC was operated at the maximum output of 5.1 kW in 1996 and under a continuous run of 1500 hours in 1998; development is currently underway on the next several 10 kW class module.
Electric field and right-of-way analysis of Kuwait high-voltage transmission systems
99lO3715
Ismail, H. M. and Abu-Gammaz, A. R. Elec. Power Syst. Res., 1999, 50, (3) 213-218. An intensive analysis is presented of the electric field resulting from the realistic high voltage ac systems existing in Kuwait. Two HV ac systems are modelled and analysed. One is a three-phase, double circuit, bundle conductor operating at 300 kV and the other system has an operating voltage of 132 kV. The electric field is calculated at the ground level to standardize the right-of-way (ROW) limits for those systems according to the maximum allowable electric field strength at the edge of ROW imposed by the staff regulatory. The analysis of two three-phase, 300 kV, double circuit, bundle conductors transmission lines adjacent to each other and running in parallel is also conducted. The effect of the spacing between the two lines on the maximum gradient at ground level is evaluated to set values to the ROW limits for this realistic system. Graphs are presented for a simple evaluation of the ROW for any value of the maximum allowable
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999 391
fuel was believed to be the only available option for the thermal subcritical system. From the overall comparison, a fast neutron was concluded to be much better for the operation of the subcritical system.
Electrical power supply and utilization (scientific, technical)
among which Nafion 112 gave the optimal result. The 30-cell stack was evaluated at different humidities and temperatures. The potential-current and power-current curves, both for single cell and the stack, were analysed by computer simulation, whereby the kinetic and mass-transfer parameters were calculated. The long-term performance of the stack and the water production during long-term operation were also measured.
Economics, Policy, Supplies, Forecasts 99103710 Design of an adaptive nonlinear controller to improve stabilization of a power system A new approach to the use of genetic algorithms to solve the pressurized water reactor’s fuel management optimization problem
99lQ3705
Chapot, J. L. C. et al. Annals Nucl. Energy, 1999, 26, (7) 641-655. A genetic algorithm (GA) based system, coupling the computer codes GENESIS 5.0 and ANC through the interface ALGER has been developed aiming at pressurized water reactor’s (PWR) fuel management optimization. An innovative codification, the List Model (LM), has been incorporated into the system. LM avoids the use of heuristic crossover operators and only generates valid non-repetitive loading patterns in the reactor core. The LM has been used to solve the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The results got for a benchmark problem were very satisfactory, in terms of precision and computational costs. The GENESIS/ ALGER/ANC system has been successfully tested in optimization studies for Angra 1 power plant reloads.
06
ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION
Liao, T. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 1999, 21, (6), 433-441. This paper presents a novel adaptive non-linear controller, capable of combining the input-output linearization technique and Lyapunov stability theory. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the adaptation law of the proposed controller is derived, along with the verification of the overall system’s stability. The controller’s performance in a simple power system (a single machine connected to infinite bus with unknown system parameters) is also examined using simulation studies. Those results confirm that the proposed adaptive controller yields a good dynamics performance regardless of the unknown system parameters.
99103711 Design of non-negatively interactive FACTS-based stabilizers in multi-machine power systems
Wang, H. F. Elec. Power Syst. Res., 1999, 50, (3) 169-174 A method for the design of a non-negatively interactive FACTS-based stabilizer in a multi-machine power system is proposed. It is demonstrated in the paper that the FACTS-based stabilizer can be designed to impose positive interactions upon other stabilizers in the power system through the correct selection of non-negatively interactive installing locations and feedback signals of the FACTS-based stabilizer and the proper setting of the phase angle of the FACTS-based stabilizer. An example power system is presented in the paper, where a TCSC-based stabilizer is designed, which is not only able to damp the target inter-area oscillation mode effectively. but also imposes a positive interaction with a PSS in the power system to damp a local oscillation mode.
99103712 Ion battery
Scientific, Technical The advanced lead-acid battery consortiuma worldwide cooperation brings rapid progress
99103706
Moseley, P. T. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 1-6. In recent years, the development of valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries has been carried forward rapidly through the collaborative efforts of a world-wide consortium of battery manufacturers and related elements of industry; the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC). This group has set aside its competitive instincts in order to achieve acceptable goals in respect of those parameters that are key factors controlling the marketability of electric vehicles (EVs): cost, cycle life, specific energy, specific power and rate of recharge. This paper provides an overview of the principal themes of the ALABC research and development programme.
99103707
Alkaline fuel cells for road traction
De Geeter, E. et al. 1. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 207-212. Until recently, alkaline fuel cells were the only type of fuel cell reliable enough to be used in space; now they are being neglected for road traction in favour of the supposed advantages of proton exchange membrane (PEM) cells. In practice, the alkaline cell is very well developed, simple to operate with a built-in cooling system, has excellent reliability and is inexpensive to manufacture, even in small quantities. The paper describes the development (the adoption of modern catalysts, system packaging) and operation of alkaline fuel cells when installed as on-board chargers within a range of rapidly refuelled, but zero-emission electric vehicles with immediate potential.
Characteristics of Li-ion battery anode controlled by coke from various coals
99lO3708
Korai, Y. et al. Sekitan Kagaku Kaigi Happy0 Ronbunshu, 1997, 34, 389390. (In Japanese) The authors studied the possibility of coke coal for an anode of a lithiumion battery by varying the rank of the coal and the preparation conditions of the coke. The influence of carbonization under normal and pressurized conditions and co-carbonization with synthetic pitch on the optical texture and the density of resultant coke was explored. Coke from Tanitoharum coal showed the largest discharge capacity among the coals and had characteristics of hard carbon which has a low voltage plateau in the discharge curve.
Comparative studies of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack and single cell
99103709
Chu, D. and Jiang, R. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 226-234. A comparative investigation was carried out on the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) as a single cell and a 30-cell stack. Various types of Nafion membranes, such as Nafion 117, 115, 112 and 105, were tested as electrolyte within the single cell and at different temperatures,
Development of a BB-2590/U rechargeable lithium-
Juzkow, M. J. Power Sources, 1999, 80, (l/2), 286-292. Under contract with the US Army CECOM, PolyStor has teamed with Hawker Eternacell (US) to develop a BB-2590/U rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The concept involves using commercially available ICR-18650 cylindrical lithium-ion cells. The individual cells have a high specific energy of 135 Wh kg-’ and an energy density of 335 Wh dm-‘. Electronic circuitry was developed to provide pack protection, charge equalization and battery management (fuel gauging). PolyStor’s rechargeable BB-2590/U battery provides 4.5 Ah at 28 V nominal or 9.0 Ah at 14 V nominal, translating into 108 Wh kg-’ and 150 Wh dm-“. The key developments are discussed in this paper.
99103713 Development of coal gas production technology acceptable for fuel cells
Okutani, S. et al. Sekitan Riyo Gijutsu Kaigi Koenshu, 1998,8, 265-273. (In Japanese) The paper describes the pilot plant design of a coal gas manufacturing system of coal treatment capacity 150 t/day for fuel cell power generation. The system includes equipment for coal pretreatment, coal gasification, gas purification, gas turbine, gas combustion and air separation. 99103714
Development of solid oxide fuel cells for power
generation Takatsuka, H. et al. Mitsubishi Juko Giho, 1999, 36, (I), 34-37. (In Japanese) Promising high plant efficiency for power stations, solid oxide fuel cells, developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd., are described. Since March 1998, a pressurized 10 kW class tubular type SOFC has been operating at maximum output (21.0 kW), expected to complete a continuous run of L7000 hours. Moreover, a monoblock layer built type SOFC was operated at the maximum output of 5.1 kW in 1996 and under a continuous run of 1500 hours in 1998; development is currently underway on the next several 10 kW class module.
Electric field and right-of-way analysis of Kuwait high-voltage transmission systems
99lO3715
Ismail, H. M. and Abu-Gammaz, A. R. Elec. Power Syst. Res., 1999, 50, (3) 213-218. An intensive analysis is presented of the electric field resulting from the realistic high voltage ac systems existing in Kuwait. Two HV ac systems are modelled and analysed. One is a three-phase, double circuit, bundle conductor operating at 300 kV and the other system has an operating voltage of 132 kV. The electric field is calculated at the ground level to standardize the right-of-way (ROW) limits for those systems according to the maximum allowable electric field strength at the edge of ROW imposed by the staff regulatory. The analysis of two three-phase, 300 kV, double circuit, bundle conductors transmission lines adjacent to each other and running in parallel is also conducted. The effect of the spacing between the two lines on the maximum gradient at ground level is evaluated to set values to the ROW limits for this realistic system. Graphs are presented for a simple evaluation of the ROW for any value of the maximum allowable
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
November 1999 391