A case-control study of serum vitamins A, E, and C in lung cancer patients

119

ABSTRACTS Prevention

A case-control LcCardcur

Screening

for lung

Epler

New

GR.

Boslon.

cancer.

England

MA 02120.

Prcvcntion cancer

Patients

risk are smokers,

who

especially

l/ill

Avenue.

patients

with

the best methodofdecrcasing

lung

cullcr

asbestosis;

smoke adult\

cancer:

mortality

Man-made

perday for

and patients

Stand

Unrversity.

J Work

Reviews bctwccn fibers.

exposure

and

crmcat

cwdcnce

etiology.

cocxposurc

to otbcr

Moreover,

Avenue

pomt

cancer

relate

agents

lA2.

lung

of exposure

the avadable

data, augmentation

studies

cllminatc

cancer

mcrcased

Ished

indicate powbly

associated

with

Cigarette

smoking

and exposure

DT, Thompson and

College

Public

Background. is of

great

by

Yale

Cl

can cause lung the spouse

Kaprio

Ilelsinki.

mcreasing

reanalyses

Of

and new

to env~ronmcntal

cancer,

has been

the most

Methods.

assoclatcd

with

conducted

a population-based

smoked.

In order

exposure

number

Lifetime

Exposure multiplying

lung

canccr

during (odds

ratio,

during

childhood

of case-control our findmgs mately to high

an increase

and adolescence

studies regardmg

t 7percent of levels

adolcscencc.

household

exposure

m risk.

Conclusions.

methodologic

problems

of environmental exposure

durmg

lung cancers among

of exposure

on expo-

both

has been a smoker.

pairs.

In the Finmsh twin

to cigarette

early

lift

twin

of 2488 twin

ol~totat

mortality

and lung

cancer

of smokmg

cotwins

of athcrosclcrosis for thccausal and lung

A critical

found

thcu

only

panel

for clgarettc

due to coronary members

was also found

m the Finnish

dtfferof adult

smoking.

heart disease

of dlscordant cotwms;

MZ

increased

on 21 -year follow-up

lncidcnce

role of smoking

small

of discordant

out in 1975 permrt-

nonsmoking

in Sweden.

m

and the other

twins

study carried

factors,

test of this

of disease

a population-based

pairs discordant

than

pans

constnutionat

common

of occurrence

that the smoking

risk

an attcmatwc

one IS a smoker

and mortahty

mdicatc

role of tobacco

or other

studies

pairs, a questionnaire

of

ago. The

and nonsmoking

Cohort,

Umversi~y

disease,

and disease.

Initial

ted Identification

of

data and nonmvaswc

sample

prowde

in the cdology

confirmatory

ofcoronary

heart

cancer.

of

the

Albin

and referents

M, Attewell

Lund.

Arh

Total

Hig Rada Toksikol

and cause-specific

(RR)

between for

mtesunal

(RR

=

mortality

with

time

monotonic

workers, were found

1.3) cancers. was better

data for the 1907

after

1985 period workers

(N =

Poisson regression

modelling.

The

was stgnificantly

increased

(1.3)

as was

mortality

from

Tbe

trend

fitted

with

non-malignant

but not statiscally

for respiratory

of a period

one starting

Universiry Hosppltal.

of male asbestos-cement

mortality

one, because

H

L, Wetinder

1988;39:461-7.

disease (RR = 2.2). Numerically,

raised ratios

of asbestos-cement

and Pathology,

mortality

cohorts

total

signifi-

(RR = 1.6) and gastro-

in the rate ratio a curved

of mcreased

line,

for

than

total wtth

a

risk up to the 1950%

1970.

was not

possibility

of

the results

Investigation,

treatment

the Yorkshire

Region

smoke.

Nonetheless,

Connolly

CK,

suggest

that approxi-

Ifospital,

Norrhallerron

during

K, Johansson

(N = 726), using

the exposed

respiratory cantly,

in cohorts

1907 and 1985

R, Jakobsson

and referents

among

mortality between

ofOccupational Medicine

Depar~mem

and another

constituted

on average, The

and etiology

and cause-specific

rate ratio

1.16 lo

did not increase

Total

workers

of

who had never

which

Epidemiology

t908)

the risk

Interval,

nonsmokers smoke

decades

are genetic

of smoking

are at higher

for a causal

the pattern

Anatyscs

were compared

to 25 or more

may influence

tobacco

several

Twin

Ilealrh,

lYYO:39:25-34.

heart

(MZ) twin pairs in which

m the mortality

dwasc

of Public

coronary

heart

pairs

Gcmcllot

to smoking

cows

by

by the number

subjects

of to&l

with

had never

Householdexposureoflessthan

Exposure to a spouse’s smoking,

bias and other

with

smoked

determined

confldencc

less than one third recall

is WC

and analyzed.

doubled

risk of lung cancer. associated

who

exposure

of the control

ofexposure.

lung A) is

of this cancer

had never

compiled

Household

95 percent

15 percent

lung

cancer

and adolescence

2.07;

mcasurc

of ‘smoker-years’,

Results.

with

(vitamin

Smoking

information

were

have

of 191 patients

of years m each residence

smokedrcportedthislevet 25 smoker-years

lung

60

the household,

who

m&ding

smoke

childhood

3.68). Approxtmately

wthin study

without

m terms

in the household.

smoker-years

used

cancer

histories

tobacco

tbc number

smokers

lung

of persons

residcntlal

was mcasurcd

smoke

and The

and Coronary

twin

cwdence

and

was consldered

evidence

in the house-

no effect.

whether

casecontrol

primary

sure to environmental

commonly

studies

smoke

have found

tcvels E Icvels.

and lung cancer

previous

to dctcrmme

to tobacco

confirmed

and an equal

but others

retinal

E,

dlmin-

1990;323:632-6.

smokmg

tobacco

levels

warnin

than serum

Mcd

scientific

never

studies

ofEpidemi-

of Medicine,

Gcnet

cancer

prcdisposc

like-sexed

in the household

Some

smoked.

E may also lx associated

M. Departmem Acti

in lung

monozygotic

paw

.I Med

nsk for

warnin

carotenold

as a cause of lung cancer

J, Koskenvuo

hypothesis

by

compara-

reanalyses,

School

Engl

passive

importance.

exposure.

histologically

New

between

health

that exposure

Unwersify

serum

of smoking-discordant

which

the availahlcevidence

smoke

lung

The relalive

lung cancer.

to

ratios accordmg

LR et al. Deparlmenr

06510.

The rclatlon public

suggested hold

Health,

SI , Newllaven.

Varela

with

diagnosed

cholesterol

for serum

degree

has stated that there

madequacies.

to tobacco

WD,

for

vitamin

to a greater

with

of carotenoids,

for serum

A,

along

pack years ofctgarettes

difference

that scram

newly

levels

diffcrencc

the case-control

results

LA

E, C, and

protein

controls.

serum

AdJustment

the case-control

of wamms

on 59 persons

lower

cholesterol.

cancer,

levels

with the numbcrof

Cases had significantly

reduced

ofMedicme,Louisiana Ave.. New Orleans,

hospttalwd

hypotbcsis

by smoking.

However,

of the data wth

the existing

smoking

WD. Dqx

and retinal-binding

were studlcd

smoking-discordant

ology

cancer

1542 Tuiane

serum

on

by the lower

a lack of mutual

hypothcsrs.

study,

cholesterol,

cancer and also on matched

mortality Lung cancer

C in lung

lYYO:l4:133-40.

was put forward

to relevant

and possibly

thcsc probtcms,

the causal

tcvels

School,

hypothesis

mortahty

rclatton

mortality

involve

smoking

total

Despite

for

a hypothesis

environment.

workers,

carotcnoids,

smoking

mrneral

the requirements

The

of trends m standardued

the ratios. Given

man-made

mvolvesnotahteconfounding

m the work

Cancer

disease. A study

Que. ll3A

regarding

to hc rclcvant.

for testing

Janerich

A, E, and

evidence

to a causal connection

starts with

rcwews

Nuu

Ilelsinki,

rc-rewcw

IS madequate could

Epidemiologic

to airborne

to be Informative

and duration

hctwccn

lung

rates, it does not reduce

W,Montreal.

literature

status of the cxposcd

analysts

to nmmg

airflow

of chronic

may detect

wrvival

thcavadabtcdata

aocloeconomic

evidence

cxposurc

is too recent

(dwant)cxposurcm

70112.

and total

emphysema;

1990; t6:22 t-31.

The previous

that

bullous

Depar~rnrniofEpidemiologyandBroslatis-

Health

cancer

The present

cancer

with

S-year

of the cpidcmlologic

epidemiologic

and

At high

20 years; persons who

with

ccreening

IOZOPinc

Environ

lung

to quit,

smoking.

hypothesis

RossitcrCE.

lirs. M&ill

patients

fibers and lung cancer.

the causal

MattinenOS,

be urged

rates.

mineral

regarding

should

must not begin

radiographlc

and lead to increased cancer

vitamins

A, Johnson

Medical

In a case-control

those under 40 years of age who may have

lung

Although

125 Parker

1990;X7:181-6.

two to four packs of cigarettes

obstruction.

bdity

Hospilal,

Med

and young

have had a previous

lung

Baptist

Postgrad

tcenagcrs.

smoked

of serum

BY, Loper-S

Slare Universiy

Is it worthwhile?

oflungcanccrremains

mortality.

children.

study

patients

can be attributed childhood

and

We studied

and prognosis

of England

Jones WG,

Thorogood

DL.6 IJG.

all cases presenting

of bronchial

carcinoma

in

1976-1983 J, Head Br J Cancer during

life

C, Muers

MF. Friarage

1990:61:579-83. with

carcinoma

of the

Cancer Registry 1976-1983. During tins period fibreoptic bronchoscopy became more

bronchus

and

registered

at the Yorkshire

Regtonal