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A case of dialysation
214
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
and published more than 20 years since, and, if necessary, I could mention persons, both in London and elsewhere, who have made them, but probably they have not been much used, from the defect alluded to, which cannot be got rid of, except by using a larger tube, and having a movable piston in the bottom, on Whiting's plan, as exhibited by Mr. Beeker last year at the soir(ze of the Royal Society. Mr. Becker informed me, and, no doubt, others as well, that Whiting had also made them, as described above, with the small tube. Mr. Beekcr's instrument led, no doubt, to the recent revival of th~ kind of barometer ; but while, perhaps, as a matter of business, it may be thought legitimate for any maker to introduce, in connexion with his own name, an instrument not generally known in the trade, it was hardly to be anticipated that the Royal Society should lend the sanction of their authority to the introduction of an instrmnent as new which was published more than 20 years since in a by no means obscure work. The above quotations appear also in the eighth edition of the Encyclopcedia. I am, &e., W. SY~Io~s.
Constancy of the Daniel's Battery. From the London Chemical News~ No, 242.
In order to increase still more the constancy of the Daniel's battery, Father Secchi advises the use of fine sand or of powdered sulphur in the porous cell. He accounts for its action by supposing that when the ordinary liquid alone is used there is greater liability to local action taking place upon the zinc. In a battery, the circuit of which is closed for two minutes every quarter of an hour, the learned Father" has used an ordinary piece of commercial sheet zinc, half a millimctre in thickness, which has continued in action for more than six months, without showing the least sign of corrosion. For large elements instead of porous diaphragms, he uses bags made of coarse linen cloth, well annointed with a luting of flour and lime. Those who have experienced the difficulty of procuring large porous cells would do well to test ihese contrivances.
2t Case of Dialgsalion. TO the :Editor of the London Chemical News.
Sir : - - I n preparing so]utlons of vegetable acids in a large manufactory lately, where, as usual, the solutions are separated from an insoluble residue which is w'~shed until tasteless, I found in one of the filters an impossibility of accomplishing this, the acid taste remaining, although water freely percolated through the mass ; and on closer examination I found that the filtered liquor, which originally contained only a very small percentage of sulphuric acid, now consisted almost entirely of it, the crystallizable acid having been kept back by the precipitate, which in this case seems to have acted as a dialyser. I may further add that as soon as there was more space allowed below the false bottom, so that the liquor could not remain at all in contact with the precipitate, this effect ceased.--1 am, &c., C~EMIcus.
215 A Comparison o f some q f t h e Meteoroloqical Phenomena of A v G U s T , 1864, w i t h those of AUOUST, 1863, and of the same m o n t h f o r FOURTEEN years, at Philadelphia, Pa. : B a r o m e t e r 60 f e e t a b o v e m e a n t i d e in t h e D e l a w a r e ]~iver. L a t i t u d e 3.9° 57.1,/ N . ; L o n g i t u d e 75 ° 10~-t W . f r o m G r e e n w i c h . B y JAMXS A . K n t ~ r A T a l C l ( , A . M.
Thermometer--Highest--degree, " " date, . " Warmest day--Mean, " " " date, " Lowest--degree, " " date, " Coldest day--Mean, " " " date, . " )lean daily oscillation " " " range, . " M e a n s a t 7 A.M , " " 2 e M., t~
*t
"
"
9 P.M.,
.
f o r tlle m o n t h ,
" ~
"
"
2 P.M., 9 P.M.~
for the month,
Force of Vapor--Greatest--Inctles, " " " date, " " Least--Inches, " " " date, " " Means at 7 A.M., ~t
~
.
"
"
"
"
"
"
for
.
2 P.M.,
.
9 P.M.,
.
the
t !
month
Relative Humidity--Greatest--per et.,i " " date, I " " L e a s t - - p e r ct., i " " " date, . I " " Meansat 7A.M., I " " " 2 v.~I., I ~
~
~
"
"
"for the month
9 P.M.,
August, 1863.
Auaust, f o r 14 y e a r s .
96.00 ° 11th. 87-50 llth. (; 1-00 31st. 68.83 31st. 11-71 2.73 75-26 84.19 78"43 79.29
95.00 ° 1Oth. 88.50 10th. 58.1t0 30th. 63.O0 30th. 1(;.00 3.79 74.95 85'50 78415 7q'50
97"(10 2 , ' 5 6 ; 4, '59. 88.50 l()th 1863. 47.00 2 6 t h 1856. 59.OO 2 6 t h 1856. 15"75 3"72 7O.96 81.39 74.03 75.46
2 9 . 9 3 8 in. 19th. 29-.q15 20th. 29.437 3d. 29 '456 3d. 0"082 29.,726 29.694 2!t.726 29'715
Barometer--Highest--Inches, " " date, . . " G• r e a t e s t m e a n d a l"ly p ress. " " date, " Lowest---Inches, " " date, . . " Least mean daily press., " " date, " Mean daily range, " ~Means a t 7 A . M . , ~ ~
August, 18!14.
3 0 ' 1 1 9 in. 3 0 . 2 5 5 in. 31st. 2 0 t h , 1855. 30.107 3(I.229 31st. 20&311855. 29.699 2.(t.356 29th. 2 0 t h , 1856. 29.762 2!) '388 29th. 2 0 t h , 1856. 0.100 0'O95 29 "878 29"867 29 '850 2!' "839 2(,1-868 29.858 29 "865 29'855
0 . 8 9 5 in. 2d. "~'07 31st. .(;33 .630 q173 .645
0-980in.
10th. .268 30th. .585 -590 -610 '595
9 0 . 0 p e r c. 21st. 38.0 31st. 71 .'3 53.3 68.7 64.4
8 8 . 0 p e r c. 100"0 p e r ct. 16th. 2 6 t h . 1854. 41-0 27.0 30th. 1st. 1860 76.8 76 "4 60.0 56'0 75.0 73.2 70.6 68"5
Clouds--Number of clear days,* " " cloudy days, " aMeans o f s k y c o v ' d a t 7 A.M., " " " " 2 P.M., " " " " 9 P.M., " " " for the month
4 days, 27 "
58-4 68.8
1021. 5 5 . 0 p e r ct. 60.0 45.0 53.3
Rain.--Amount, :No. o f d a y s o n w h i c h R a i n fell,
1.539 in. 9.
1.440 in. 9'
:Prevailing Winds--Times
i n 1000
1 '624 in 1st, 1854. "268 often .587 .594 .615 '599
70"677.4p e r et.
9'6 21 "4 55.7 p e r c t . 60.9 43-1 53.2 3.889 in. 9.9
s 42°39'w-298i~r 84°17'w175 ~75° 4 3 , w . 1 0 2 I
* S k y one-third or less coverc~l a t t h e h o u r s of observatioa.
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
and published more than 20 years since, and, if necessary, I could mention persons, both in London and elsewhere, who have made them, but probably they have not been much used, from the defect alluded to, which cannot be got rid of, except by using a larger tube, and having a movable piston in the bottom, on Whiting's plan, as exhibited by Mr. Beeker last year at the soir(ze of the Royal Society. Mr. Becker informed me, and, no doubt, others as well, that Whiting had also made them, as described above, with the small tube. Mr. Beekcr's instrument led, no doubt, to the recent revival of th~ kind of barometer ; but while, perhaps, as a matter of business, it may be thought legitimate for any maker to introduce, in connexion with his own name, an instrument not generally known in the trade, it was hardly to be anticipated that the Royal Society should lend the sanction of their authority to the introduction of an instrmnent as new which was published more than 20 years since in a by no means obscure work. The above quotations appear also in the eighth edition of the Encyclopcedia. I am, &e., W. SY~Io~s.
Constancy of the Daniel's Battery. From the London Chemical News~ No, 242.
In order to increase still more the constancy of the Daniel's battery, Father Secchi advises the use of fine sand or of powdered sulphur in the porous cell. He accounts for its action by supposing that when the ordinary liquid alone is used there is greater liability to local action taking place upon the zinc. In a battery, the circuit of which is closed for two minutes every quarter of an hour, the learned Father" has used an ordinary piece of commercial sheet zinc, half a millimctre in thickness, which has continued in action for more than six months, without showing the least sign of corrosion. For large elements instead of porous diaphragms, he uses bags made of coarse linen cloth, well annointed with a luting of flour and lime. Those who have experienced the difficulty of procuring large porous cells would do well to test ihese contrivances.
2t Case of Dialgsalion. TO the :Editor of the London Chemical News.
Sir : - - I n preparing so]utlons of vegetable acids in a large manufactory lately, where, as usual, the solutions are separated from an insoluble residue which is w'~shed until tasteless, I found in one of the filters an impossibility of accomplishing this, the acid taste remaining, although water freely percolated through the mass ; and on closer examination I found that the filtered liquor, which originally contained only a very small percentage of sulphuric acid, now consisted almost entirely of it, the crystallizable acid having been kept back by the precipitate, which in this case seems to have acted as a dialyser. I may further add that as soon as there was more space allowed below the false bottom, so that the liquor could not remain at all in contact with the precipitate, this effect ceased.--1 am, &c., C~EMIcus.
215 A Comparison o f some q f t h e Meteoroloqical Phenomena of A v G U s T , 1864, w i t h those of AUOUST, 1863, and of the same m o n t h f o r FOURTEEN years, at Philadelphia, Pa. : B a r o m e t e r 60 f e e t a b o v e m e a n t i d e in t h e D e l a w a r e ]~iver. L a t i t u d e 3.9° 57.1,/ N . ; L o n g i t u d e 75 ° 10~-t W . f r o m G r e e n w i c h . B y JAMXS A . K n t ~ r A T a l C l ( , A . M.
Thermometer--Highest--degree, " " date, . " Warmest day--Mean, " " " date, " Lowest--degree, " " date, " Coldest day--Mean, " " " date, . " )lean daily oscillation " " " range, . " M e a n s a t 7 A.M , " " 2 e M., t~
*t
"
"
9 P.M.,
.
f o r tlle m o n t h ,
" ~
"
"
2 P.M., 9 P.M.~
for the month,
Force of Vapor--Greatest--Inctles, " " " date, " " Least--Inches, " " " date, " " Means at 7 A.M., ~t
~
.
"
"
"
"
"
"
for
.
2 P.M.,
.
9 P.M.,
.
the
t !
month
Relative Humidity--Greatest--per et.,i " " date, I " " L e a s t - - p e r ct., i " " " date, . I " " Meansat 7A.M., I " " " 2 v.~I., I ~
~
~
"
"
"for the month
9 P.M.,
August, 1863.
Auaust, f o r 14 y e a r s .
96.00 ° 11th. 87-50 llth. (; 1-00 31st. 68.83 31st. 11-71 2.73 75-26 84.19 78"43 79.29
95.00 ° 1Oth. 88.50 10th. 58.1t0 30th. 63.O0 30th. 1(;.00 3.79 74.95 85'50 78415 7q'50
97"(10 2 , ' 5 6 ; 4, '59. 88.50 l()th 1863. 47.00 2 6 t h 1856. 59.OO 2 6 t h 1856. 15"75 3"72 7O.96 81.39 74.03 75.46
2 9 . 9 3 8 in. 19th. 29-.q15 20th. 29.437 3d. 29 '456 3d. 0"082 29.,726 29.694 2!t.726 29'715
Barometer--Highest--Inches, " " date, . . " G• r e a t e s t m e a n d a l"ly p ress. " " date, " Lowest---Inches, " " date, . . " Least mean daily press., " " date, " Mean daily range, " ~Means a t 7 A . M . , ~ ~
August, 18!14.
3 0 ' 1 1 9 in. 3 0 . 2 5 5 in. 31st. 2 0 t h , 1855. 30.107 3(I.229 31st. 20&311855. 29.699 2.(t.356 29th. 2 0 t h , 1856. 29.762 2!) '388 29th. 2 0 t h , 1856. 0.100 0'O95 29 "878 29"867 29 '850 2!' "839 2(,1-868 29.858 29 "865 29'855
0 . 8 9 5 in. 2d. "~'07 31st. .(;33 .630 q173 .645
0-980in.
10th. .268 30th. .585 -590 -610 '595
9 0 . 0 p e r c. 21st. 38.0 31st. 71 .'3 53.3 68.7 64.4
8 8 . 0 p e r c. 100"0 p e r ct. 16th. 2 6 t h . 1854. 41-0 27.0 30th. 1st. 1860 76.8 76 "4 60.0 56'0 75.0 73.2 70.6 68"5
Clouds--Number of clear days,* " " cloudy days, " aMeans o f s k y c o v ' d a t 7 A.M., " " " " 2 P.M., " " " " 9 P.M., " " " for the month
4 days, 27 "
58-4 68.8
1021. 5 5 . 0 p e r ct. 60.0 45.0 53.3
Rain.--Amount, :No. o f d a y s o n w h i c h R a i n fell,
1.539 in. 9.
1.440 in. 9'
:Prevailing Winds--Times
i n 1000
1 '624 in 1st, 1854. "268 often .587 .594 .615 '599
70"677.4p e r et.
9'6 21 "4 55.7 p e r c t . 60.9 43-1 53.2 3.889 in. 9.9
s 42°39'w-298i~r 84°17'w175 ~75° 4 3 , w . 1 0 2 I
* S k y one-third or less coverc~l a t t h e h o u r s of observatioa.