- Email: [email protected]
A case study of risk assessment in Malaysia
S218
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 221S (2013) S59–S256
P19-17 Nigella sativa oil protects against reproductive toxicity of acetamiprid insecticide in male rats Mosbah Rachid 1,∗ , Yousef Mokhtar Ibrahim 2 , Chettoum Aziez 3 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Siences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria, 2 IGSR, Alexandria University, Egypt, 3 University of Constantine, Skikda, Algeria Purpose: Acetamiprid (ACMP) is one of the main neonicotinoides used as insecticide on a large scale in agricultural activities. It has been implicated in a several health problems in mammals through its capacity to generate oxidative stress in several organs. Until now, little is known about its adverse effects on the reproductive function. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse reproductive effects of acetamiprid, besides the possible protective role of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), such as a potential antioxidant agent, which believed to plays a role in reducing the toxicity. Methods: Thirty two male wistar rats were allocated into four equal groups of eight of each as follows, control, acetamiprid (ACMP, 27 mg/kg/bw), Nigella sativa oil (NSO, ml/kg/bw) and in combination (ACMP + NSO). The experimental animals were dosed by gavage (5/7 weekly) for 45 consecutive days. Then, body weight gain, relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm characteristics, testosterone and thiobarbutiric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and testicular histopathological changes were investigated. Results: The obtained results show that acetamiprid induces deleterious effects on the general health state and the semen quality pronounced by a decrease in body weight gain, relative weights of reproductive organs (testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle), spermatids number, sperm count, sperm motility and testosterone levels. While abnormal and dead sperm and TBARS level were increased. Histopathological examination of acetamiprid testis group revealed also tubular atrophy, disorganization and degenerative aspect of the seminal epithelium in some seminiferous tubules marked by spermatogenesis perturbation and poor sperm and presence of sloughing cell debris in their lumens. The interstitial tissue showed widened spaces between tubules with evidently edema and bleeding. Besides, Nigella sativa oil co-administration along acetamiprid can efficiently reverse and/or modulate all acetamiprid-induced reproductive adverse effects to the normal range. This protective role may be due to its antioxidant properties and ability to reduce TBARS levels which was proven in this work. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.652
P19-18 Chronic exposure to ethephon induces reproductive stress in albino rat Mayurakshi Deka ∗ , Uma Dutta P.G. Department of Zoology, Cotton College State University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India Ethephon – a plant growth regulator, helps in pre and post harvest ripening of some fruits and vegetables. It is used commercially to hasten the ripening process. On decomposition, it produces an active metabolite – ethylene that regulates the ripening and remains in the fruits for a longer time. Thus it may pose a risk to human health, especially reproductive disorder. It was found to have mutagenic and teratogenic effect. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of ethephon in the reproductive organs of albino rat after repeated oral exposure (25 mg, 50 mg/kg
body wt.). The study was based on alterations of estrous cycle and cell type morphology; sperm morphology and count along with histopathological architecture of testes and ovaries following standard procedures with Neubaur chamber, Geimsa stain, haemotoxylin and eosin method. Findings of the study showed a significant decrease in the number of estrous cycle, duration of each estrous phase with concomitant significant increase of diestrous phase mostly in 50 mg group. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced in both doses. Histologically, the ovary revealed a loss of functional follicles with increase of atretic follicles; the testes showed lack of maturation and differentiation of spermatozoa, degenerated spermatocyte with infiltration of lymphocytes in the interstial space of seminiferous tubules. Membrane disruption was found in spermatocyte and cell types of estrous phases. In conclusion, ethephon is a potent agent that causes reproductive stress leading to hormonal imbalance which may in the long run result in reproductive failure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.653 P20: Risk Assessment
P20-01 A case study of risk assessment in Malaysia Letchumi Thannimalay SIRIM, Malaysia The effects of bisphenol A on the reproductive and developmental toxicity are related to its endocrine disruption potential. To date, there is no production of bisphenol A in Malaysia and the only potential source of residual bisphenol A is released during the use of polycarbonate resins or polymers. A risk assessment study was conducted to evaluate the residual bisphenol A released during the injection moulding process in a plastic moulding factory. The air in the factory’s workplace and the ambient air were analysed for bisphenol A using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrogram (GCMS). The risk assessment of the bisphenol A released during the injection moulding process was carried out using the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) software. From this study, the mean concentrations of airborne bisphenol A in the ambient air and polycarbonate work area were 3.1 ng/m3 and 16 ng/m3 respectively. The Margin of Safety was calculated using the NOAEL value of 23.3 mg/m3 and the exposure of bisphenol A was 3 × 10−3 mg/m3 which was the highest measured value in the plastic moulding factory. Meanwhile, the Margin of Safety based on the actual measurement of bisphenol A in the plastic moulding factory was 7.7 × 105 . However, the Margin of Safety for bisphenol A in polycarbonate matrix were above 1000 for both measured and calculated value indicating further risk assessment studies are not needed. The risk assessment output indicated that there is at present no necessity for further information or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.520
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 221S (2013) S59–S256
P19-17 Nigella sativa oil protects against reproductive toxicity of acetamiprid insecticide in male rats Mosbah Rachid 1,∗ , Yousef Mokhtar Ibrahim 2 , Chettoum Aziez 3 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Siences, University of Boumerdes, Algeria, 2 IGSR, Alexandria University, Egypt, 3 University of Constantine, Skikda, Algeria Purpose: Acetamiprid (ACMP) is one of the main neonicotinoides used as insecticide on a large scale in agricultural activities. It has been implicated in a several health problems in mammals through its capacity to generate oxidative stress in several organs. Until now, little is known about its adverse effects on the reproductive function. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse reproductive effects of acetamiprid, besides the possible protective role of Nigella sativa oil (NSO), such as a potential antioxidant agent, which believed to plays a role in reducing the toxicity. Methods: Thirty two male wistar rats were allocated into four equal groups of eight of each as follows, control, acetamiprid (ACMP, 27 mg/kg/bw), Nigella sativa oil (NSO, ml/kg/bw) and in combination (ACMP + NSO). The experimental animals were dosed by gavage (5/7 weekly) for 45 consecutive days. Then, body weight gain, relative weights of reproductive organs, sperm characteristics, testosterone and thiobarbutiric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) levels and testicular histopathological changes were investigated. Results: The obtained results show that acetamiprid induces deleterious effects on the general health state and the semen quality pronounced by a decrease in body weight gain, relative weights of reproductive organs (testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle), spermatids number, sperm count, sperm motility and testosterone levels. While abnormal and dead sperm and TBARS level were increased. Histopathological examination of acetamiprid testis group revealed also tubular atrophy, disorganization and degenerative aspect of the seminal epithelium in some seminiferous tubules marked by spermatogenesis perturbation and poor sperm and presence of sloughing cell debris in their lumens. The interstitial tissue showed widened spaces between tubules with evidently edema and bleeding. Besides, Nigella sativa oil co-administration along acetamiprid can efficiently reverse and/or modulate all acetamiprid-induced reproductive adverse effects to the normal range. This protective role may be due to its antioxidant properties and ability to reduce TBARS levels which was proven in this work. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.652
P19-18 Chronic exposure to ethephon induces reproductive stress in albino rat Mayurakshi Deka ∗ , Uma Dutta P.G. Department of Zoology, Cotton College State University, Guwahati, Assam 781001, India Ethephon – a plant growth regulator, helps in pre and post harvest ripening of some fruits and vegetables. It is used commercially to hasten the ripening process. On decomposition, it produces an active metabolite – ethylene that regulates the ripening and remains in the fruits for a longer time. Thus it may pose a risk to human health, especially reproductive disorder. It was found to have mutagenic and teratogenic effect. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of ethephon in the reproductive organs of albino rat after repeated oral exposure (25 mg, 50 mg/kg
body wt.). The study was based on alterations of estrous cycle and cell type morphology; sperm morphology and count along with histopathological architecture of testes and ovaries following standard procedures with Neubaur chamber, Geimsa stain, haemotoxylin and eosin method. Findings of the study showed a significant decrease in the number of estrous cycle, duration of each estrous phase with concomitant significant increase of diestrous phase mostly in 50 mg group. Sperm motility and count were significantly reduced in both doses. Histologically, the ovary revealed a loss of functional follicles with increase of atretic follicles; the testes showed lack of maturation and differentiation of spermatozoa, degenerated spermatocyte with infiltration of lymphocytes in the interstial space of seminiferous tubules. Membrane disruption was found in spermatocyte and cell types of estrous phases. In conclusion, ethephon is a potent agent that causes reproductive stress leading to hormonal imbalance which may in the long run result in reproductive failure. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.653 P20: Risk Assessment
P20-01 A case study of risk assessment in Malaysia Letchumi Thannimalay SIRIM, Malaysia The effects of bisphenol A on the reproductive and developmental toxicity are related to its endocrine disruption potential. To date, there is no production of bisphenol A in Malaysia and the only potential source of residual bisphenol A is released during the use of polycarbonate resins or polymers. A risk assessment study was conducted to evaluate the residual bisphenol A released during the injection moulding process in a plastic moulding factory. The air in the factory’s workplace and the ambient air were analysed for bisphenol A using the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrogram (GCMS). The risk assessment of the bisphenol A released during the injection moulding process was carried out using the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) software. From this study, the mean concentrations of airborne bisphenol A in the ambient air and polycarbonate work area were 3.1 ng/m3 and 16 ng/m3 respectively. The Margin of Safety was calculated using the NOAEL value of 23.3 mg/m3 and the exposure of bisphenol A was 3 × 10−3 mg/m3 which was the highest measured value in the plastic moulding factory. Meanwhile, the Margin of Safety based on the actual measurement of bisphenol A in the plastic moulding factory was 7.7 × 105 . However, the Margin of Safety for bisphenol A in polycarbonate matrix were above 1000 for both measured and calculated value indicating further risk assessment studies are not needed. The risk assessment output indicated that there is at present no necessity for further information or testing or for risk reduction measures beyond those which are being applied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.520