- Email: [email protected]
A comparison between mineral content in goat and cow's milk
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 161S (2012) 19–48
Genotoxic potential of catmint essential oil Sedat Bozari 1,∗ , Guleray Agar 2 , Ozkan Aksakal 2 , Filiz Aygun 2 , Esra Arslan 2 , Gokce Nardemir 2 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mus 49100, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
41
Purification of xylitol produced from fermented wheat straw hydrolysate Serdal Sabanci 1,∗ , Gülsen Usal 2 , Özlem Akpınar 2 Food Engineering, Ege University, I˙ zmir 35100, Turkey Food Engineering, Gaziosmanapasa University University, Tokat 60250, Turkey
1
2
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Bozari).
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Sabanci).
Essential oils (EO) are plant secondary metabolites and using in several fields. The mode of action of them is still unclear. We aimed to reveal the possible genotoxic effects of EO of catmint. EO applied to maize seeds at four concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 l/ml). Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the changes in the mitotic index (MI) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. The EO of catmint significantly decreased the MI in all treatments. The highest concentration of EO has caused 63% reduction in dividing cells. The DNA damage in maize was detected using RAPD, polymorphism values were evaluated as 25% average. Catmint EO can be useful to campaign with undesirable weeds. Plant secondary metabolites not unusable or waste contents for their hosts. Conversely, plants can normally use them as biologic weapon against exogen dangers. Because, they not only affect the cell division but also affect the DNA in appropriate doses.
Wheat straw, widely available in Turkey, is xylan rich agricultural waste and can be used as a source for production of xylitol that is sugar alcohol and natural sweetener. After producing xylitol, the most important step is recovery of it from the fermentation broth. The major components in the fermentation broth at the end of the fermentation were yeast cell, proteins, xylitol, xylose, arabinose and other sugar. For this purpose, solvent treatment or chromatographic methods can be used. However, these methods are not practical and economical for the production of large scale of xylitol. Alternative method might be membrane separations. Since xylitol, xylose, arabinose are neutral molecules with similar molecular weight, they cannot be separated, easily. In the present work, xylose produced by dilute acid hydrolysis wheat straw, was fermented to xylitol by using the Candida tropicalis. The Maillard reaction was performed to modify the molecular weight of residual reducing sugars in the fermentation broth. With membrane separation, most of the reducing sugars were removed from xylitol solution.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.130
Investigation of antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperatures in wheat plants
Food and Nutritional Sciences A comparison between mineral content in goat and cow’s milk
Seher Polat 1,∗ , Yasemin Ekmekci 2 , Serpil Terzioglu 2
Binnur Kaptan
1
Erciyes University, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri 38039, Turkey 2 Hacettepe University, Botany Section, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
E-mail address: sp [email protected] (S. Polat).
The importance of the goat milk in the human diet has been increasing recently since it provides health benefit for individuals having allergy, or intolerance to cow milk, high cholesterol levels, anaemia, osteoporosis, or in prolonged treatments with iron supplements. Thus goat milk gets more attention than cow milk. The objective of this study was to compare the mineral content of both type of milk. Milk samples were obtained randomly from a local farm (ngoat milk: 50, ncow milk: 50). The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in the milk samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. However the animals were kept in the same conditions, and fed with same feeding technology, the levels of Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Cu in the goat milk were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the cow milk. It was concluded that goat milk is better source for nutritional than cow samples.
The aim of the study was to determine relationship between resistance and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperatures and freezing. Hawk, Kiziltan-91 and Aegilops cylindrica which were bread, durum and wild wheat respectively were subjected to low temperature at (+1 ◦ C, 8-day) and freezing (−10 ◦ C, 3 and 6-h) followed by re-growth period under control temperature (20 ◦ C, 7-day) during early seedling. To detect effect of temperature stress, length of stem, ion leakage, membrane stability index and some antioxidant enzymes activities of leaves were measured after treatments. Stem length, membrane stability index decreased by low temperature and stem length nearly stopped by freezing, ion leakage of membranes increased in all genotypes. SOD activity didn’t change in Kiziltan-91, decreased POD, GR and APX activities were detectedand SOD, POD, APX activities increased in Hawk and Ae. cylindrica, but GR activity decreased in Hawk and didn’t change in Ae. cylindrica by treatments. After re-growth, growth of Kiziltan-91 and Ae. cylindrica didn’t affect by low temperature but decreased in Hawk. The seedling of Hawk and Ae. cylindrica continued to grow at minimum level and stopped in Kiziltan-91 by freezing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.129
E-mail address: [email protected].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.131
Identification methods of food authenticity control by using the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IR-MS) Mehmet Fatih Cengiz ∗ , Cennet Pelin Boyaci Food Engineering Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07059, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (M.F. Cengiz). IR-MS instruments are specifically designated to measure precisely small differences in the abundances of isotopes such as 13 C/12 C,
Genotoxic potential of catmint essential oil Sedat Bozari 1,∗ , Guleray Agar 2 , Ozkan Aksakal 2 , Filiz Aygun 2 , Esra Arslan 2 , Gokce Nardemir 2 1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Mus 49100, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
41
Purification of xylitol produced from fermented wheat straw hydrolysate Serdal Sabanci 1,∗ , Gülsen Usal 2 , Özlem Akpınar 2 Food Engineering, Ege University, I˙ zmir 35100, Turkey Food Engineering, Gaziosmanapasa University University, Tokat 60250, Turkey
1
2
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Bozari).
E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Sabanci).
Essential oils (EO) are plant secondary metabolites and using in several fields. The mode of action of them is still unclear. We aimed to reveal the possible genotoxic effects of EO of catmint. EO applied to maize seeds at four concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 l/ml). Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the changes in the mitotic index (MI) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles. The EO of catmint significantly decreased the MI in all treatments. The highest concentration of EO has caused 63% reduction in dividing cells. The DNA damage in maize was detected using RAPD, polymorphism values were evaluated as 25% average. Catmint EO can be useful to campaign with undesirable weeds. Plant secondary metabolites not unusable or waste contents for their hosts. Conversely, plants can normally use them as biologic weapon against exogen dangers. Because, they not only affect the cell division but also affect the DNA in appropriate doses.
Wheat straw, widely available in Turkey, is xylan rich agricultural waste and can be used as a source for production of xylitol that is sugar alcohol and natural sweetener. After producing xylitol, the most important step is recovery of it from the fermentation broth. The major components in the fermentation broth at the end of the fermentation were yeast cell, proteins, xylitol, xylose, arabinose and other sugar. For this purpose, solvent treatment or chromatographic methods can be used. However, these methods are not practical and economical for the production of large scale of xylitol. Alternative method might be membrane separations. Since xylitol, xylose, arabinose are neutral molecules with similar molecular weight, they cannot be separated, easily. In the present work, xylose produced by dilute acid hydrolysis wheat straw, was fermented to xylitol by using the Candida tropicalis. The Maillard reaction was performed to modify the molecular weight of residual reducing sugars in the fermentation broth. With membrane separation, most of the reducing sugars were removed from xylitol solution.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.130
Investigation of antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperatures in wheat plants
Food and Nutritional Sciences A comparison between mineral content in goat and cow’s milk
Seher Polat 1,∗ , Yasemin Ekmekci 2 , Serpil Terzioglu 2
Binnur Kaptan
1
Erciyes University, Medical Genetics Department, Kayseri 38039, Turkey 2 Hacettepe University, Botany Section, Ankara, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey
E-mail address: sp [email protected] (S. Polat).
The importance of the goat milk in the human diet has been increasing recently since it provides health benefit for individuals having allergy, or intolerance to cow milk, high cholesterol levels, anaemia, osteoporosis, or in prolonged treatments with iron supplements. Thus goat milk gets more attention than cow milk. The objective of this study was to compare the mineral content of both type of milk. Milk samples were obtained randomly from a local farm (ngoat milk: 50, ncow milk: 50). The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in the milk samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. However the animals were kept in the same conditions, and fed with same feeding technology, the levels of Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Cu in the goat milk were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the cow milk. It was concluded that goat milk is better source for nutritional than cow samples.
The aim of the study was to determine relationship between resistance and antioxidant enzyme activities under low temperatures and freezing. Hawk, Kiziltan-91 and Aegilops cylindrica which were bread, durum and wild wheat respectively were subjected to low temperature at (+1 ◦ C, 8-day) and freezing (−10 ◦ C, 3 and 6-h) followed by re-growth period under control temperature (20 ◦ C, 7-day) during early seedling. To detect effect of temperature stress, length of stem, ion leakage, membrane stability index and some antioxidant enzymes activities of leaves were measured after treatments. Stem length, membrane stability index decreased by low temperature and stem length nearly stopped by freezing, ion leakage of membranes increased in all genotypes. SOD activity didn’t change in Kiziltan-91, decreased POD, GR and APX activities were detectedand SOD, POD, APX activities increased in Hawk and Ae. cylindrica, but GR activity decreased in Hawk and didn’t change in Ae. cylindrica by treatments. After re-growth, growth of Kiziltan-91 and Ae. cylindrica didn’t affect by low temperature but decreased in Hawk. The seedling of Hawk and Ae. cylindrica continued to grow at minimum level and stopped in Kiziltan-91 by freezing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.129
E-mail address: [email protected].
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.131
Identification methods of food authenticity control by using the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IR-MS) Mehmet Fatih Cengiz ∗ , Cennet Pelin Boyaci Food Engineering Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07059, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (M.F. Cengiz). IR-MS instruments are specifically designated to measure precisely small differences in the abundances of isotopes such as 13 C/12 C,