- Email: [email protected]
A comparison of the genetical effects of mutagens on yeast cells incubated in testis, liver and lung of rats
AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTALMUTAGEN SOCIETY
313
pounds produced 200, 250 and 6 mutants per lO s survivors, respectively. On a molar basis also SZ was much more toxic and mutagenic than MNU, BCNU and U-28,6oi and U-29,632. Cells in logarithmic growth were more sensitive to the mutagenic activity of SZ and MNU than cells in stationary phase.
13 FAHRIG, RUDOLF,Zentrallaboratorium far Mutagenit~ttsprtifung der DFG, Freiburg/ Br., Germany.
A comparison of the genetical effects of mutagens on yeast cells incubated in testis, liver and lung of rats Yeast cells, injected into each testis and into the tail vein of a rat were recovered after I h or 4 h treatment time out of testes, liver and lung. The host animals had been treated with the standard mutagens DMNA (dimethylnitrosamine), Endoxan (cyclophosphamide), MMS (methyl methanesulfonate), MNNG (N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine), and 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide), and with the environmental nlutagens DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane), the DDT-metabolites DDD and DDE, hycanthone methanesulfonate and I N H (isoniazid). Only mutagenicity tests with DDT gave negative results, all other substances showed a characteristic organspecific genetic activity. Endoxan and DMNA, which are metabolically activated in the liver, had their highest level of effectiveness in this organ, the same was for MMS. All other substances had their highest level of effectiveness in the lung and most of them showed no or nearly no activity in testes and liver.
14 STOECKEL, M., E. WEBER, T. CONNOR AND M. S. LEGATOR, Roger Williams General
Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R. I. 02908 (U.S.A.).
Failure to detect mutagenic effects of ~-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in in vitro and in vivo studies with mice Although there has been a great deal of research on the biological effects of marihuana, little is known about the potential genetic effects of this compound. The present report was undertaken to determine the mutagenic potential of A-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (d-9-THC) in a number of in vitro and animal procedures. A-9-THC yielded negative results in respect to the induction of gene mutations. The indicator systems used were the tester strains, TA 1535 and TA 1538, of the histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. The methods for the detection of gene mutations were: (a) the direct analysis for possible revertants in the presence and absence of microsomal enzymes at concentrations of IO and IOO ppm, (b) the hostmediated assay in which mice were administered 200 m g / k g / d a y by gavage for 7 days, with or without phenobarbital in the drinking water, and (c) the analysis of blood, urine and tissues of mice treated by gavage at 200 mg/kg/day for 9 to io days. Negative findings at the cytogenetic level included the results obtained in mice with the micronuclei procedure as well as the dominant lethal test. In both these tests
313
pounds produced 200, 250 and 6 mutants per lO s survivors, respectively. On a molar basis also SZ was much more toxic and mutagenic than MNU, BCNU and U-28,6oi and U-29,632. Cells in logarithmic growth were more sensitive to the mutagenic activity of SZ and MNU than cells in stationary phase.
13 FAHRIG, RUDOLF,Zentrallaboratorium far Mutagenit~ttsprtifung der DFG, Freiburg/ Br., Germany.
A comparison of the genetical effects of mutagens on yeast cells incubated in testis, liver and lung of rats Yeast cells, injected into each testis and into the tail vein of a rat were recovered after I h or 4 h treatment time out of testes, liver and lung. The host animals had been treated with the standard mutagens DMNA (dimethylnitrosamine), Endoxan (cyclophosphamide), MMS (methyl methanesulfonate), MNNG (N-methyl-N-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine), and 4-NQO (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide), and with the environmental nlutagens DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichlorethane), the DDT-metabolites DDD and DDE, hycanthone methanesulfonate and I N H (isoniazid). Only mutagenicity tests with DDT gave negative results, all other substances showed a characteristic organspecific genetic activity. Endoxan and DMNA, which are metabolically activated in the liver, had their highest level of effectiveness in this organ, the same was for MMS. All other substances had their highest level of effectiveness in the lung and most of them showed no or nearly no activity in testes and liver.
14 STOECKEL, M., E. WEBER, T. CONNOR AND M. S. LEGATOR, Roger Williams General
Hospital, Brown University, Providence, R. I. 02908 (U.S.A.).
Failure to detect mutagenic effects of ~-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in in vitro and in vivo studies with mice Although there has been a great deal of research on the biological effects of marihuana, little is known about the potential genetic effects of this compound. The present report was undertaken to determine the mutagenic potential of A-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (d-9-THC) in a number of in vitro and animal procedures. A-9-THC yielded negative results in respect to the induction of gene mutations. The indicator systems used were the tester strains, TA 1535 and TA 1538, of the histidine auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium. The methods for the detection of gene mutations were: (a) the direct analysis for possible revertants in the presence and absence of microsomal enzymes at concentrations of IO and IOO ppm, (b) the hostmediated assay in which mice were administered 200 m g / k g / d a y by gavage for 7 days, with or without phenobarbital in the drinking water, and (c) the analysis of blood, urine and tissues of mice treated by gavage at 200 mg/kg/day for 9 to io days. Negative findings at the cytogenetic level included the results obtained in mice with the micronuclei procedure as well as the dominant lethal test. In both these tests