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A contribution to the vibration disease classification
522
HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION
engineers. The limits set to the physicalcharacteristics to be built into the carriage environment by the inevitable variability of capacities and activities of passengers, representing a broad spectrum of the wholepopulation, are discussed.Passengers' feelingsevokedby functional and aesthetic aspects 0f environment will be considered. Topics: Ride (Rail).
Y. Shigeta, M. Hoshi, M. Shichiri, K. Oji, M. Tomobuchi and M. Kosugi 1966 The Journal "of Vitamhwlogy 12, 299-302. Effect of pantethine treatment on vibratory perception in patients with diabetic neuropathy. (4 pages, 3 tables, 6 references) Authors' Summary. Pantethine was administered to patients with diabetic neuropathy in daily doses of 30--200 mg for 20-70 days to study its clinical effectiveness. The substance was found effective in improving the patellar reflex or vibratory perception in extremities in some cases and especially effective against disturbance of vibratory perception in the toe. The increasing ratio of urinary excretion of pyruvate following intravenous injection of fructose was reduced in many cases by pantethine treatment. A correlation was noted between normalization of pyruvate metabolism and improvement in vibratory perception in extremities. Topics: Vibration Sense (Thresholds); Diagnostic Applications. '~
C. S. Harris and H. C. Sommer 1973 Aerospace Medicine 44, 1013-1016. Interactive effects of intense noise and low-level vibration on tracking performance and response time. (4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 7 references) Authors' Abstract. Studies conducted in our laboratory on the combined effects of noise and vibration on tracking performance have yielded both additive and subtractive effects. One reason for the difference in results may be the difference in the intensity levels of the noise used. Subtractive effects were obtained in a recent study using 100 dB noise while additive effects were obtained in another study using 110 dB noise. However, there were additional differences between the studies, other than noise level, that could have accounted for the results. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the intensity differences in noise level can account for the results. Approximately the same procedures were used in the present study with 110 dB noise as were used previously in a study where a subtractive effect was obtained With 100 dB noise. The performance of 12 subjects was measured during two conditions of noise, 60 dB and 110 dB, and two conditions in which these noise exposures were combined with 0-10 g, (vertical) vibration at 6 Hz. Noise produced a detrimental effect on tracking task performance and the effect was additive to the adverse effect produced by vibration when both noise and vibration were presented simultaneously. These results, along with the results of the previous experiments, demonstrate that as noise level is increased from 100 to 110 dB the combined effect 6f noise and vibration changes from subtractive to additive. Topics: Combhzed Stress (Vibration attd Noise); Performance Effects (Psychomotor). E. A. Drogichina and N. B. Metlina 1967 Gig. Tru. Prof. Zabo111, 27-31. A contribution to the vibration disease classification. (5 pages, 2 references) (In Russian) English Abstract. Since the clinical picture of vibration disease runs a different course depending upon the spectral composition of the acting vibration and may for a long time be attended by functional compensation the authors propose that in the diagnosis of vibration disease the symptoms singled out by them should be adhered to (angiodistonic, angiospastic, vegetative polyneuritis, myofascitis syndrome, that of neuritis, vestibular syndrome and diencephalic one). Each one of the enumerated syndromes reflects a definite stage of vibration
HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION
523
disease and is typical of the action exerted by definite vibration parameters. At the same time a number of clinical criteria contributive to the consideration of the degree of the process compensation are suggested. Topics: .Physiological Effects (in General); Lhnb Vibration; Perceptual Mechanisnts (in General); Vibration Syndrome.
B.S.I. 1975 British Standards Institution DD43. Draft for Development: Guide to the evaluation of exposure of the human hand-arm system to vibration. (10 pages, 2 figures, 1 table) Edited Extract. Although it is not yet possible to determine precisely the vibration factors iwh!ch are most significant in regard to Vibration White Finger, it is nevertheless necessary to give guidance to designers and manufacturers so that they may be aware of the extent to which they should try to reduce vibration levels without either making tools too heavy or bulky to operate efficiently or giving rise to excessive increase in costs. This Draft for Development has accordingly been prepared but it should be emphasized that the data on which the recommended limits are based are taken from determinations of vibration sensation levels supplemented by the results of industrial experience in this cou'ntry and by considerable information from abroad. The vibration "dose" to which a man has been subject has proved difficult to assess with changing tools and work patterns and varying grip and vibration levels over a work cycle, and is thus difficult to relate reliably to the objective response of symptoms of disease (the "dose-response" relationship). In spite of this, there is reason to believe that adherence to the vibration levels given in this document will result in a considerable decrease in the incidence of VWF, although it has not been proved that adherence to these limits will prevent vibration disease over the working life-time of a regular user. It is hoped that this Draft for Development will help to clarify the situation for those concerried with the problem and encourage monitoring so that, if the onset of VWF is observed, operators may be transferred to other work before the condition becomes irreversible. This would be of particular value in the case of a few operators who may be especially susceptible to injurious effects from vibration even though it is well within the limits recommended in this Draft for Development. It is recommended that this Draft for Development should be applied on a provisional basis and that the vibration levels for hand-operated tools and processes should conform to the levels given. Those who use it are urged to write to BSI giving their experience in applying this publication. Constructive proposals for improvement and more precise definition will be welcomed. Much useful research is already in progress and new evidence will be taken into account as it becomes available; the intention is to publish a British Standard when sufficient knowledge and experience have accumulated. Topics: Limb Vibration; Vibration Syndrome; Crtterta . . and. Ltmtts; . .Standardizatton. . ~
Note: Copies of all papers included in this section will be found in the Human Response to Vibration Literature Collection at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, The University of Southampton. The papers may be used by persons visiting the Institute and photocopies of them at a cost of 289 per page can usually be provided by post. Contributions to the Literature Collection are requested from relet:ant research groups. They shouM be sent to Dr M. J. Griffin, Human Factors Research Unit, Institute of Sotmd and Vibration Research, University of Southa.m_pton, Southampton S09 5NH, England.
HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION
engineers. The limits set to the physicalcharacteristics to be built into the carriage environment by the inevitable variability of capacities and activities of passengers, representing a broad spectrum of the wholepopulation, are discussed.Passengers' feelingsevokedby functional and aesthetic aspects 0f environment will be considered. Topics: Ride (Rail).
Y. Shigeta, M. Hoshi, M. Shichiri, K. Oji, M. Tomobuchi and M. Kosugi 1966 The Journal "of Vitamhwlogy 12, 299-302. Effect of pantethine treatment on vibratory perception in patients with diabetic neuropathy. (4 pages, 3 tables, 6 references) Authors' Summary. Pantethine was administered to patients with diabetic neuropathy in daily doses of 30--200 mg for 20-70 days to study its clinical effectiveness. The substance was found effective in improving the patellar reflex or vibratory perception in extremities in some cases and especially effective against disturbance of vibratory perception in the toe. The increasing ratio of urinary excretion of pyruvate following intravenous injection of fructose was reduced in many cases by pantethine treatment. A correlation was noted between normalization of pyruvate metabolism and improvement in vibratory perception in extremities. Topics: Vibration Sense (Thresholds); Diagnostic Applications. '~
C. S. Harris and H. C. Sommer 1973 Aerospace Medicine 44, 1013-1016. Interactive effects of intense noise and low-level vibration on tracking performance and response time. (4 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 7 references) Authors' Abstract. Studies conducted in our laboratory on the combined effects of noise and vibration on tracking performance have yielded both additive and subtractive effects. One reason for the difference in results may be the difference in the intensity levels of the noise used. Subtractive effects were obtained in a recent study using 100 dB noise while additive effects were obtained in another study using 110 dB noise. However, there were additional differences between the studies, other than noise level, that could have accounted for the results. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the intensity differences in noise level can account for the results. Approximately the same procedures were used in the present study with 110 dB noise as were used previously in a study where a subtractive effect was obtained With 100 dB noise. The performance of 12 subjects was measured during two conditions of noise, 60 dB and 110 dB, and two conditions in which these noise exposures were combined with 0-10 g, (vertical) vibration at 6 Hz. Noise produced a detrimental effect on tracking task performance and the effect was additive to the adverse effect produced by vibration when both noise and vibration were presented simultaneously. These results, along with the results of the previous experiments, demonstrate that as noise level is increased from 100 to 110 dB the combined effect 6f noise and vibration changes from subtractive to additive. Topics: Combhzed Stress (Vibration attd Noise); Performance Effects (Psychomotor). E. A. Drogichina and N. B. Metlina 1967 Gig. Tru. Prof. Zabo111, 27-31. A contribution to the vibration disease classification. (5 pages, 2 references) (In Russian) English Abstract. Since the clinical picture of vibration disease runs a different course depending upon the spectral composition of the acting vibration and may for a long time be attended by functional compensation the authors propose that in the diagnosis of vibration disease the symptoms singled out by them should be adhered to (angiodistonic, angiospastic, vegetative polyneuritis, myofascitis syndrome, that of neuritis, vestibular syndrome and diencephalic one). Each one of the enumerated syndromes reflects a definite stage of vibration
HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION
523
disease and is typical of the action exerted by definite vibration parameters. At the same time a number of clinical criteria contributive to the consideration of the degree of the process compensation are suggested. Topics: .Physiological Effects (in General); Lhnb Vibration; Perceptual Mechanisnts (in General); Vibration Syndrome.
B.S.I. 1975 British Standards Institution DD43. Draft for Development: Guide to the evaluation of exposure of the human hand-arm system to vibration. (10 pages, 2 figures, 1 table) Edited Extract. Although it is not yet possible to determine precisely the vibration factors iwh!ch are most significant in regard to Vibration White Finger, it is nevertheless necessary to give guidance to designers and manufacturers so that they may be aware of the extent to which they should try to reduce vibration levels without either making tools too heavy or bulky to operate efficiently or giving rise to excessive increase in costs. This Draft for Development has accordingly been prepared but it should be emphasized that the data on which the recommended limits are based are taken from determinations of vibration sensation levels supplemented by the results of industrial experience in this cou'ntry and by considerable information from abroad. The vibration "dose" to which a man has been subject has proved difficult to assess with changing tools and work patterns and varying grip and vibration levels over a work cycle, and is thus difficult to relate reliably to the objective response of symptoms of disease (the "dose-response" relationship). In spite of this, there is reason to believe that adherence to the vibration levels given in this document will result in a considerable decrease in the incidence of VWF, although it has not been proved that adherence to these limits will prevent vibration disease over the working life-time of a regular user. It is hoped that this Draft for Development will help to clarify the situation for those concerried with the problem and encourage monitoring so that, if the onset of VWF is observed, operators may be transferred to other work before the condition becomes irreversible. This would be of particular value in the case of a few operators who may be especially susceptible to injurious effects from vibration even though it is well within the limits recommended in this Draft for Development. It is recommended that this Draft for Development should be applied on a provisional basis and that the vibration levels for hand-operated tools and processes should conform to the levels given. Those who use it are urged to write to BSI giving their experience in applying this publication. Constructive proposals for improvement and more precise definition will be welcomed. Much useful research is already in progress and new evidence will be taken into account as it becomes available; the intention is to publish a British Standard when sufficient knowledge and experience have accumulated. Topics: Limb Vibration; Vibration Syndrome; Crtterta . . and. Ltmtts; . .Standardizatton. . ~
Note: Copies of all papers included in this section will be found in the Human Response to Vibration Literature Collection at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, The University of Southampton. The papers may be used by persons visiting the Institute and photocopies of them at a cost of 289 per page can usually be provided by post. Contributions to the Literature Collection are requested from relet:ant research groups. They shouM be sent to Dr M. J. Griffin, Human Factors Research Unit, Institute of Sotmd and Vibration Research, University of Southa.m_pton, Southampton S09 5NH, England.