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A decision support system for human resource management: Strategic and tactical planning flow network models
208
Abstracts
solidification model are outlined and examples of simulations are given.
110
Products and Equipment United Modelling : Making Cycles and Flows Generation in Evidence S. Demb~l~, F. Lhote, J.P. Bourri&'es, pp 383-388
This paper clarifies how the flows in a manufacturing system are generated, by using a nnited modelling of products and equipment that is based on object and task concepts. In fact, this modelling makes evident the recycling of some equipment. A mathematical formalization by a matrix, using a discrete event analysis of the system functioning is also dealt with. 111
A Machine Part Representation for CAPP and CIMS Z. Yao, Z. Tong, Y. Sun, Y. Chen, pp 389-391
Research into computer-aided process planning (CAPP), which is a key point in CIMS, is being paid great attention. There are several problems to be solved in this field, including the need for a method to represent a machine part. In this paper, a new hierarchical representation based on a basic machined element is put forward. Both the basic machined element and the hierarchy are represented by frames.
112
AUDROS: A Method and a Tool for lnteroperability and Project Management in the CIM Environment B.T. David, K. Cheballah, pp 399-402
This paper presents an operational solution for interoperability and project management in the CIM environment. The CLM environment is usually composed of several heterogeneous machines (workstations, mainframes and servers) and is used at the same time by several users. Until standard solutions such as the seven-level OSI protocol or distributed, object-oriented database systems are fully developed, the need for operational solutions exists. The authors are working on an operational solution which is now used industrially, as well as on a more prospective solution based on an object-oriented database system. This paper describes the former. 114
Genetic Algorithm Approach to a Production Ordering Problem in an Assembly Process with Buffers N. Sannomiya, H. lima, pp 403.408
This paper deals with an optimal production scheduling problem for an assembly process with buffers at the input and output sides of a machine. The problem has two constraints: that the buffer's capacity is limited, and that the cycle time of the worker is constant without waiting time. An optimal production ordering is determined, subject to these constraints, to keep the production rate of each product as constant as possible. A procedure for applying the genetic algorithm to this problem is shown. The operations of reproduction, crossover and mutation are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm is more effective than other methods.
115
116
A DecisionSupport System for Determining Mulflproduct Optimal Batch Sizes With In-Process Inventories and Multiwm-k Centers V.B. Iversen, J.M. Rygaard, R.V.V. Vidal, pp 415-420
This paper reports the development of a decision support system (DSS) to detcmainn optimal batch sizes in situations where a range of products is made to stock on a number of work camters of functionally grouped, machines. The DSS contains three models: fast, a queuemg model for the flow time of the batches along the work centers, second, an optimization model to determine optimal batch sizes, and third, a model to determine the optimal number of work orders. The DSS is interactive, permitting the user to combine the last three procedures with an procedure to achieve a good overall performance. erical experiences are reported.
Physical Foundations of Feedback Controls Z. Jacyno, pp 393-398
In the analysis of feedback control systems in the state-space, the understanding of the mechanisms of their operation is lost. To regain this understanding, a phase space notion is introduced. In a new mathematical model the phase space becomes a vector field where energetic levels of reference are specified. It is shown that the parametric bifinear form used also provides the energetic balance equation, allowing the definition of the kinetic, potential, dissipative or absorptive and control components of energy. The physical foundations of feedback controls and the mechanisms of stability and instability are established, and an understanding of automatic control systems functioning gained.
113
the waiting and transit times. This criterion has been chosen because it allows the definition of sequencing degrees of freedom used as the basis for real-time decision-making when disturbances occur in the job-shop. Two steps are proposed. First, the scheduling horizon is cut into several more-or-less independent packets of jobs to reduce the combinational explosion. Each packet is then scheduled by a tree-like structure method, using constraints relaxation.
A Job-Shop Scheduling Minimizing the Waiting and Transit Times in FMS S. Hammadi, E. Castelain, P. Borne, pp 409.414
Flexible production, in which a given machine can perform a varying number of different tasks, necessitates the strict resolution of scheduling and affectation problems. This paper proposes a method to produce an efficient schedule, minimizing
117
A Decision Support System for Human Resource Management: Strategic and Tactical Planning Flow Network Models A. Ciancimino, I. Lari, F. Nicolo',M. Lucertini, pp 421-427
The aim of this paper is the design and development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for human resource management in a manufacturing plant. In particular the skill planning problem has been constdered, where "skills" means both technical qualifications and personal qualifies. The strategic phase consists of long-term skill requirements based on business, technologies and specific constraints on human resources. The tactical phase concerns feasibility and ways of reaching given requirements. The long-term planning is a goal programming model, whereas the short-term ts a linear integer programming model. Both use models having a flow network structure with several layers defined on the network.
118
Application of Generalised Bond-Graphs and Continuous Petri Nets to Modelling Industrial Processes and Manufacturing Systems B. Besombes, E. Marcon, A. Alia, pp 429-434
A Petri net is basically a discrete model (discrete state space, allowing modeling of discrete systems). However, Continuous Petri nets have been defined, which allow either an approximate bchaviour or a discrete Petri net to be provided (paniculady when there are many reachable markings), or a continuons process to be modelled. Previously, Bond-graphs have been used to describe physical systems (state-space equations, allowing modeling of continuous systems). However, Pseudo Bond-graphs can also be used in non-technological domains like economic systems, so why not in the higher levels of manufacturing systems.'? To compare the two approaches and the tools, this paper considers an illustrative production system.
119
A Generic Petri Nets Based Model for Paper Mills Finishing Processes C. Valentin, P. Ladet, J. Ruiz, pp 435-440
This paper presents a methodology to design a generic Petri-netbased model for paper mill finishing processes, based on timed coloured Petri nets with decision-solving procedures. Special interest is given to representing the decision points of the system as conflicts in the net. The model is meant for simulation, to carry out qualitative analysis about the system, to observe resource-sharing and the consequences of different strategy choices on production. Machine breakdowns, operationmachine allocation and changeover times are taken into account.
Abstracts
solidification model are outlined and examples of simulations are given.
110
Products and Equipment United Modelling : Making Cycles and Flows Generation in Evidence S. Demb~l~, F. Lhote, J.P. Bourri&'es, pp 383-388
This paper clarifies how the flows in a manufacturing system are generated, by using a nnited modelling of products and equipment that is based on object and task concepts. In fact, this modelling makes evident the recycling of some equipment. A mathematical formalization by a matrix, using a discrete event analysis of the system functioning is also dealt with. 111
A Machine Part Representation for CAPP and CIMS Z. Yao, Z. Tong, Y. Sun, Y. Chen, pp 389-391
Research into computer-aided process planning (CAPP), which is a key point in CIMS, is being paid great attention. There are several problems to be solved in this field, including the need for a method to represent a machine part. In this paper, a new hierarchical representation based on a basic machined element is put forward. Both the basic machined element and the hierarchy are represented by frames.
112
AUDROS: A Method and a Tool for lnteroperability and Project Management in the CIM Environment B.T. David, K. Cheballah, pp 399-402
This paper presents an operational solution for interoperability and project management in the CIM environment. The CLM environment is usually composed of several heterogeneous machines (workstations, mainframes and servers) and is used at the same time by several users. Until standard solutions such as the seven-level OSI protocol or distributed, object-oriented database systems are fully developed, the need for operational solutions exists. The authors are working on an operational solution which is now used industrially, as well as on a more prospective solution based on an object-oriented database system. This paper describes the former. 114
Genetic Algorithm Approach to a Production Ordering Problem in an Assembly Process with Buffers N. Sannomiya, H. lima, pp 403.408
This paper deals with an optimal production scheduling problem for an assembly process with buffers at the input and output sides of a machine. The problem has two constraints: that the buffer's capacity is limited, and that the cycle time of the worker is constant without waiting time. An optimal production ordering is determined, subject to these constraints, to keep the production rate of each product as constant as possible. A procedure for applying the genetic algorithm to this problem is shown. The operations of reproduction, crossover and mutation are discussed. Numerical results demonstrate that the genetic algorithm is more effective than other methods.
115
116
A DecisionSupport System for Determining Mulflproduct Optimal Batch Sizes With In-Process Inventories and Multiwm-k Centers V.B. Iversen, J.M. Rygaard, R.V.V. Vidal, pp 415-420
This paper reports the development of a decision support system (DSS) to detcmainn optimal batch sizes in situations where a range of products is made to stock on a number of work camters of functionally grouped, machines. The DSS contains three models: fast, a queuemg model for the flow time of the batches along the work centers, second, an optimization model to determine optimal batch sizes, and third, a model to determine the optimal number of work orders. The DSS is interactive, permitting the user to combine the last three procedures with an procedure to achieve a good overall performance. erical experiences are reported.
Physical Foundations of Feedback Controls Z. Jacyno, pp 393-398
In the analysis of feedback control systems in the state-space, the understanding of the mechanisms of their operation is lost. To regain this understanding, a phase space notion is introduced. In a new mathematical model the phase space becomes a vector field where energetic levels of reference are specified. It is shown that the parametric bifinear form used also provides the energetic balance equation, allowing the definition of the kinetic, potential, dissipative or absorptive and control components of energy. The physical foundations of feedback controls and the mechanisms of stability and instability are established, and an understanding of automatic control systems functioning gained.
113
the waiting and transit times. This criterion has been chosen because it allows the definition of sequencing degrees of freedom used as the basis for real-time decision-making when disturbances occur in the job-shop. Two steps are proposed. First, the scheduling horizon is cut into several more-or-less independent packets of jobs to reduce the combinational explosion. Each packet is then scheduled by a tree-like structure method, using constraints relaxation.
A Job-Shop Scheduling Minimizing the Waiting and Transit Times in FMS S. Hammadi, E. Castelain, P. Borne, pp 409.414
Flexible production, in which a given machine can perform a varying number of different tasks, necessitates the strict resolution of scheduling and affectation problems. This paper proposes a method to produce an efficient schedule, minimizing
117
A Decision Support System for Human Resource Management: Strategic and Tactical Planning Flow Network Models A. Ciancimino, I. Lari, F. Nicolo',M. Lucertini, pp 421-427
The aim of this paper is the design and development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for human resource management in a manufacturing plant. In particular the skill planning problem has been constdered, where "skills" means both technical qualifications and personal qualifies. The strategic phase consists of long-term skill requirements based on business, technologies and specific constraints on human resources. The tactical phase concerns feasibility and ways of reaching given requirements. The long-term planning is a goal programming model, whereas the short-term ts a linear integer programming model. Both use models having a flow network structure with several layers defined on the network.
118
Application of Generalised Bond-Graphs and Continuous Petri Nets to Modelling Industrial Processes and Manufacturing Systems B. Besombes, E. Marcon, A. Alia, pp 429-434
A Petri net is basically a discrete model (discrete state space, allowing modeling of discrete systems). However, Continuous Petri nets have been defined, which allow either an approximate bchaviour or a discrete Petri net to be provided (paniculady when there are many reachable markings), or a continuons process to be modelled. Previously, Bond-graphs have been used to describe physical systems (state-space equations, allowing modeling of continuous systems). However, Pseudo Bond-graphs can also be used in non-technological domains like economic systems, so why not in the higher levels of manufacturing systems.'? To compare the two approaches and the tools, this paper considers an illustrative production system.
119
A Generic Petri Nets Based Model for Paper Mills Finishing Processes C. Valentin, P. Ladet, J. Ruiz, pp 435-440
This paper presents a methodology to design a generic Petri-netbased model for paper mill finishing processes, based on timed coloured Petri nets with decision-solving procedures. Special interest is given to representing the decision points of the system as conflicts in the net. The model is meant for simulation, to carry out qualitative analysis about the system, to observe resource-sharing and the consequences of different strategy choices on production. Machine breakdowns, operationmachine allocation and changeover times are taken into account.