A general interactive computer model of freeway congestion pricing in Los Angeles

BibliographicSection

82

travel time values and travel distancesby incomegroups, to obtain an esiimate of the optimal toll. The results indicate that only where there is hypercongestionwould tolls significantlyimprove the efficiency of peak hour freeway use in the Los Angelesarea. The greatest economic loss is shown to accrue to low income auto drivers facing a toll, as long as the revenue A General Interactive Computer Model of Freeway CongestionPrklng In Los ~ngaks, Kenichi Tokunaga, 1980, from the toU is not returned to them. Toll-free car pool Uhf18023362(Dissertation at the University of Califor- programs, freeway bus programs with improved frequency of service, or a combination of these connia, Los Angeles,CA 90024) siderably improve this situation. A flat toU per trip is There has been substantial empirical research dealing more harmful to low income travelers than a per-mile with short-run highway congestion tolls. Most studies toll, since low income travelers drive shorter distances have concluded that substantial tolls should be imposed on the whole than high income travelers. One desirableresult of the toll is shown to be a shift to on urban automobile trallic during peak travel hours to insure e5cient use of existing roadway capacity. Most higher occupancy vehicles. Another desirable result is previous research, however, was devoted to specific savings in gasoline consumption. The findings showed aspects of a total system of pricine, and few studieshave that when a toUis charged,gasolineconsumptionwillbe shown how many sub-systems a&t one another and reduced by several percent as a result of travelers’ relate to an optimal congestion toll. Any estimate of a changingto higher occupancy vehicles. The proposed model is still simplifiedand far from toll which considers one aspect of the pricing system and ignores many other aspects of the system’will be in- completelyrepresentative.For one thing, it is a short-run model where freeway capacity and residential location complete. In this study, an interactive computer model of high- are assumed to be given. The model does not deal with way congestion toU is developed and applied to the the long-run problem where freeway capacity is optifreeway system in the Los Angleles metropolitan area. mized under the condition of changeable residential The model incorporates multipletravel modes, choice of location. But it is more comprehensiveand realistic than alternative routes and travel times, and heterogeneity of the earlier models now being used by most researchers. process and the interpretation of survey data to enhance the quality of data use; and (5) makingthe survey results directly available to interested data users so that they may obtain specific pieces of information when needed.

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Amberger R (1982) Canal Boats,Interurbans Rochester Subway Natlonal Rail Rochester Baldwin N (1962) Pictorial History of Trucking Warne ISBN o-7232-2910-4 Bardou J. Automobile University

etc (1982) Revolution: of North

and

The Carolina

of

the

Years

of

$12.95

Services:

of an Industry o-8078-1496-2

35

pp400

L4.95

pp176

Lg.20

Topeka and Santa ISBN 0-8032-6066-O

E fed) (1982) and the Private Sector Adam ISBN o-906517-20-6

History

L8.95

Impact ISBN

Seventies pp64

Batting 0 (1982) Giant Airships Time-Life ISBN o-8094-3272-2

Butler Roads Smith,

Road

pp112

Bryant K (1982) History of the Atchison, University of Nebraska

A

ISBN 0-9605296-l-6

British

Bochrock A (1982) American Cars of the Warne ISBN 0-7232-2870-l

Trolleys:

ppS6

Cannon W and Fox F (1982) Studebaker: The Complete Story Tab ISBN o-8306-2064-8 pp368 L28.15

L1.95

Fe Railroad pp398 L6.65

L14.00