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A large-spored species of Acremonium sect. Nectrioidea
510
Transactions British Mycological Society REFERENCES
HOLMES, S.]. I. & COLHOUN,]. (1970). Septoria nodorum as a pathogen of barley. Transactions qf the British Mycological Society 55, 321-325. RICHARDSON, M.]. & NOBLE, Mary (1970). Septoria species on cereals - a note to aid their identification. Plant Pathology 19, 159-163.
A LARGE-SPORED SPECIES OF ACREMONIUM SECT. NECTRIOIDEA D. L. HAWKSWORTH
Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Acremonium. hypholomatis (Boedijn) D. Hawksw. comb.nov. Textfig. I, Plate 47. Basionym: Cephalosporium hypholomatis (as 'hypholomae ') Boedijn, Recueil des Travaux botaniques neerlandais, 26, 425 (1929).
Cultures on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and malt agar (MA) growing about 12 mm in 10 days at 20 cC. Mycelium superficial, white, floccose, becoming slightly tinged apricot; reverse hyaline at first, becoming apricot tinged with age. Colony plectonematogenous; conidiophores arising from horizontally orientated hyphae which often anastomose to form strands up to I5/hm wide with 2-4(-6) longitudinally orientated hyphae in each. Conidiophores erect, simple or I (-2)-branched, septate, 65-90 /hm tall, 2'5-3'5 /hm diam at the base, tapering to 2/hm diam at the tip. Conidia (phialospores) formed singly at the apices of the conidiogenous cells (not in chains), becoming aggregated into slimy heads, simple, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid (prolate) with a truncate base, uninucleate, 12'5-18 x 4-7 /hm. Chlamydospores appearing after about 6 weeks, arising singly or in short chains of 2-5 from horizontal hyphae 3-4/hm diam, hyaline, globose, the walls becoming irregularly roughened with age, 9-I8/hm diam. Type: New Guinea, stream near Garaina, isol. ex water culture of unidentified decaying leaves collected by A. Hutton, 1970, isolated by D. E. Shaw, TPNG 7110 (IMI 149587 - neotype; CBS 829'70 - isoneotype). The neotype culture first appeared on an agar plate streaked out from Hutton's collection by Dr D. E. Shaw in her laboratory in Konedobu, Papua. It is consequently not clear whether the fungus originated from the decaying leaves themselves or from the small amount ofwater accompanying them (they were received by Dr Shaw in a damp condition in a polyethylene bag). It is unlikely, however, that this isolate represents a laboratory contaminant. This species was originally described by Boedijn (1929) from Sumatra Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain
Notes and Brief Articles
,10/lID Fig.
I.
511
I
Acremonium hypholomatis. A, Conidiophores; B, conidia; C, stages in formation of chlamydospores; D, chlamydospores.
'Auf den Lamellen von Hypholomafasciculare. Deleng Singkoet bei Brastagi (Karolarden).' No material of this taxon is now present in Boedijn's herbaria (Donk, 1965) in Bogor (Rifai, personal communication) and Utrecht (Gams, personal communication) and the New Guinea isolate is consequently designated as neotype for this species. No other published reports of this fungus have been traced. Although the host from which Boedijn described this species differs from that of the New Guinea isolate, the description and figures given by Boedijn agree so closely with the present fungus that there is no doubt they are conspecific. A. hypholomatis belongs to Acremonium sect. N"ectrioidea W. Gams on the basis of the branching system of the conidiophores but is clearly distinguished from all species of Acremonium [Link] Fr. accepted by Gams (1971) by the conspicuously larger conidia. I am very grateful to Dr W. Gams, Dr M. A. Rifai, Dr D. E. Shaw and Dr B. C. Sutton for their assistance in the preparation of this note, and to Mr D. W. Fry for photographic assistance. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain
Transactions British Mycological Society
512
REFERENCES
BOEDIJN, K. B. (1929). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzftora von Sumatra. Recueil des Travaux botaniques nierlandais 26, 396-439. DONK, M. A. (1965)' The mycological publications of K. B. Boedijn. Persoonia 3, 3 25-33°. GAMS, W. (1971). Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Stuttgart: G. Fischer Verlag. EXPLANATION OF PLATE
47
Acremonium hypholomatiJ Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6.
Conidiophores (x 650). Conidiogenous cell with conidium (x 1000). Conidia stained with cotton blue (x 1000). Conidia stained with Giesma after N-HCI hydrolysis showing single nucleus (x 800). Chlamydospores (x 1000). Strands of hyphae from which conidiophores arise (x 1000). Fig. 1-3 and 5-6 by Mr D. W. Fry; Fig. 4 courtesy of Dr D. E. Shaw.
INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT AND FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON THE GROWTH OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI P. E. REYNOLDS, W. H. SMITH AND K. F. JENSEN*
Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby (Sclerotium bataticola Taub.), an important stem- and root-rotting pathogen, is thought to grow best at high temperatures (Bega & Smith, 1960; Tompkins & Gardner, 1935). Diseases incited by this organism are assumed to be favoured in tropical regions and in areas of high summer soil temperatures (Edmunds, 1964; Edmunds, Voigt & Carasso, 1964; Hodges, 1962; Livingston, 1945; Norton, 1953; Vaartaja & Bumbieris, 1967). The relationships between organisms and the temperaturel> of their environments is extremely complex. One of the most important aspects of this relationship is the differential influence of fluctuating and constant temperatures (Jensen & Reynolds 1969). The degree and significance of this differential response has been discussed for M. phaseoli by Smith (1964). The isolate (R-3, isolated 1959) used by Smith (R. S. Smith, Jr., Pac. S.W. Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Berkeley, California) was obtained and employed in the present study along with a recent isolate (A-I, isolated 1970) obtained from the same California forest tree nursery and isolate (A-2) acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (No. 14380).
* Graduate Student and Assistant Professor of Forest Pathology, respectively, School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511 and Research Plant Physiologist, Forest Insect and Disease Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio, 43015. This investigation was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant Number GB-21252. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain
Transactions British Mycological Society REFERENCES
HOLMES, S.]. I. & COLHOUN,]. (1970). Septoria nodorum as a pathogen of barley. Transactions qf the British Mycological Society 55, 321-325. RICHARDSON, M.]. & NOBLE, Mary (1970). Septoria species on cereals - a note to aid their identification. Plant Pathology 19, 159-163.
A LARGE-SPORED SPECIES OF ACREMONIUM SECT. NECTRIOIDEA D. L. HAWKSWORTH
Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Acremonium. hypholomatis (Boedijn) D. Hawksw. comb.nov. Textfig. I, Plate 47. Basionym: Cephalosporium hypholomatis (as 'hypholomae ') Boedijn, Recueil des Travaux botaniques neerlandais, 26, 425 (1929).
Cultures on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and malt agar (MA) growing about 12 mm in 10 days at 20 cC. Mycelium superficial, white, floccose, becoming slightly tinged apricot; reverse hyaline at first, becoming apricot tinged with age. Colony plectonematogenous; conidiophores arising from horizontally orientated hyphae which often anastomose to form strands up to I5/hm wide with 2-4(-6) longitudinally orientated hyphae in each. Conidiophores erect, simple or I (-2)-branched, septate, 65-90 /hm tall, 2'5-3'5 /hm diam at the base, tapering to 2/hm diam at the tip. Conidia (phialospores) formed singly at the apices of the conidiogenous cells (not in chains), becoming aggregated into slimy heads, simple, hyaline, narrowly ellipsoid (prolate) with a truncate base, uninucleate, 12'5-18 x 4-7 /hm. Chlamydospores appearing after about 6 weeks, arising singly or in short chains of 2-5 from horizontal hyphae 3-4/hm diam, hyaline, globose, the walls becoming irregularly roughened with age, 9-I8/hm diam. Type: New Guinea, stream near Garaina, isol. ex water culture of unidentified decaying leaves collected by A. Hutton, 1970, isolated by D. E. Shaw, TPNG 7110 (IMI 149587 - neotype; CBS 829'70 - isoneotype). The neotype culture first appeared on an agar plate streaked out from Hutton's collection by Dr D. E. Shaw in her laboratory in Konedobu, Papua. It is consequently not clear whether the fungus originated from the decaying leaves themselves or from the small amount ofwater accompanying them (they were received by Dr Shaw in a damp condition in a polyethylene bag). It is unlikely, however, that this isolate represents a laboratory contaminant. This species was originally described by Boedijn (1929) from Sumatra Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain
Notes and Brief Articles
,10/lID Fig.
I.
511
I
Acremonium hypholomatis. A, Conidiophores; B, conidia; C, stages in formation of chlamydospores; D, chlamydospores.
'Auf den Lamellen von Hypholomafasciculare. Deleng Singkoet bei Brastagi (Karolarden).' No material of this taxon is now present in Boedijn's herbaria (Donk, 1965) in Bogor (Rifai, personal communication) and Utrecht (Gams, personal communication) and the New Guinea isolate is consequently designated as neotype for this species. No other published reports of this fungus have been traced. Although the host from which Boedijn described this species differs from that of the New Guinea isolate, the description and figures given by Boedijn agree so closely with the present fungus that there is no doubt they are conspecific. A. hypholomatis belongs to Acremonium sect. N"ectrioidea W. Gams on the basis of the branching system of the conidiophores but is clearly distinguished from all species of Acremonium [Link] Fr. accepted by Gams (1971) by the conspicuously larger conidia. I am very grateful to Dr W. Gams, Dr M. A. Rifai, Dr D. E. Shaw and Dr B. C. Sutton for their assistance in the preparation of this note, and to Mr D. W. Fry for photographic assistance. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain
Transactions British Mycological Society
512
REFERENCES
BOEDIJN, K. B. (1929). Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzftora von Sumatra. Recueil des Travaux botaniques nierlandais 26, 396-439. DONK, M. A. (1965)' The mycological publications of K. B. Boedijn. Persoonia 3, 3 25-33°. GAMS, W. (1971). Cephalosporium-artige Schimmelpilze (Hyphomycetes). Stuttgart: G. Fischer Verlag. EXPLANATION OF PLATE
47
Acremonium hypholomatiJ Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6.
Conidiophores (x 650). Conidiogenous cell with conidium (x 1000). Conidia stained with cotton blue (x 1000). Conidia stained with Giesma after N-HCI hydrolysis showing single nucleus (x 800). Chlamydospores (x 1000). Strands of hyphae from which conidiophores arise (x 1000). Fig. 1-3 and 5-6 by Mr D. W. Fry; Fig. 4 courtesy of Dr D. E. Shaw.
INFLUENCE OF CONSTANT AND FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES ON THE GROWTH OF MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLI P. E. REYNOLDS, W. H. SMITH AND K. F. JENSEN*
Macrophomina phaseoli (Maubl.) Ashby (Sclerotium bataticola Taub.), an important stem- and root-rotting pathogen, is thought to grow best at high temperatures (Bega & Smith, 1960; Tompkins & Gardner, 1935). Diseases incited by this organism are assumed to be favoured in tropical regions and in areas of high summer soil temperatures (Edmunds, 1964; Edmunds, Voigt & Carasso, 1964; Hodges, 1962; Livingston, 1945; Norton, 1953; Vaartaja & Bumbieris, 1967). The relationships between organisms and the temperaturel> of their environments is extremely complex. One of the most important aspects of this relationship is the differential influence of fluctuating and constant temperatures (Jensen & Reynolds 1969). The degree and significance of this differential response has been discussed for M. phaseoli by Smith (1964). The isolate (R-3, isolated 1959) used by Smith (R. S. Smith, Jr., Pac. S.W. Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Berkeley, California) was obtained and employed in the present study along with a recent isolate (A-I, isolated 1970) obtained from the same California forest tree nursery and isolate (A-2) acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (No. 14380).
* Graduate Student and Assistant Professor of Forest Pathology, respectively, School of Forestry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511 and Research Plant Physiologist, Forest Insect and Disease Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, Delaware, Ohio, 43015. This investigation was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant Number GB-21252. Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 58 (3), (1972). Printed in Great Britain